PAVILLION

Report
On
Structural Analysis & Design

Of
PAVILLION
Office Building
Ward No.-3, Suddhodhan Rural Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal
Submitted To:
SUDDHODHAN RURAL mUNICIPALITY office
Rupandehi, Nepal
For:
Kuisi engineering CONSULTANT
Ward No.-3
Suddhodhan Rural Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal
Prepared by:
Er. Praveen Rajbhandari
Structural Engineer
NEC Regd. No.- 12025 Civil ‘A’
December, 2022
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This report comprises the summary of the structural analysis & design of residential
building. The report consists of the design procedure adopted, assumptions made and
input and output from the design and analysis. It is assumed that the Client will
completely follow the Structural Design specified in the form of Design Drawings
attached in the report.
The Designer will not be responsible if any alteration to the structural system and
configuration made by Client without consultation and permission from the Designer.
The design calculations and derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the
concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be
provided to the Client or the concerned Authority upon request.
…………………………….
Er. Praveen Rajbhandari
NEC NO: 12025 Civil “A”
(STRUCTURAL ENGINEER)
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Salient Features ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Project Information .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Building Features............................................................................................................. 1
1.2.3 Site Condition................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Analysis Technology and Methodology ........................................................................... 2
1.4 Codes and Standard used................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Software Used .................................................................................................................. 4
2 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Material properties .......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Concrete ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel ......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Section Properties ............................................................................................................ 5
2.3 Loadings........................................................................................................................... 5
2.3.1 Load Cases ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Estimation of Load ........................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)................................................................................................. 7
2.4.2 Live Load ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.3 Seismic Load .................................................................................................................. 11
3 Analysis Output .............................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Seismic Coefficient Method ............................................................................................ 11
3.2 Story Drift ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Modal time period and mass participation .................................................................... 14
3.4 Force Diagram............................................................................................................... 15
3.4.1 Axial Force Diagram ..................................................................................................... 15
3.4.2 Shear Force Diagram .................................................................................................... 16
3.4.3 Moment Diagram ............................................................................................................. 17
3.5 Joint Reactions ............................................................................................................... 18
4 Design of Structural Members ....................................................................................... 19
4.1 Design Input and Output ................................................................................................ 19
4.1.1 Section Input Diagram ................................................................................................... 19
4.1.2 Design Output Diagram ................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Design of Slab ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Design of Beam and Column .............................................................................................. 26
4.3.1 Sample Beam Design ....................................................................................................... 26
4.3.2 Sample Column Design .................................................................................................... 28
4.4 Footing Design from excel (sample) ................................................................................... 30
4.4 Staircase Design from excel (sample) ................................................................................. 33
5 Summary of the Analysis and Design ............................................................................ 34
5.1 Column Output: .................................................................................................................. 34
5.2 Beam Output:....................................................................................................................... 35
5.3 Footing Output .................................................................................................................... 36
5.4 Slab Reinforcement: Slab Thickness – 125mm .................................................................... 36
5.5 Cantilever Slab Reinforcement: Slab Thickness – 125mm .................................................. 36
5.6 Staircase Bar: Waist Slab Thickness – 150mm ................................................................... 36
Required sizes of structure were adopted ................................................................................. 37
6 References ...................................................................................................................... 38
List of Figure
Figure 1: First Floor Plan of Building ............................................................................ 2
Figure 2: 3D Modelling ................................................................................................. 3
Figure 3: Frame Load (Wall Load) in 3D .................................................................... 8
Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load) in Grid 2-2 ........................................................... 9
Figure 5: Area Load (live load<=3) First Floor ........................................................... 10
Figure 6: Floor Finish Load (Dead Load) on First Floor ............................................. 10
Figure 7: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid 2-2 ............................................ 15
Figure 8: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid B-B .......................................... 15
Figure 9: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid 2-2................................................. 16
Figure 10: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid B-B ............................................. 16
Figure 11: Envelope -Moment diagram Grid 2-2 ........................................................ 17
Figure 12: Envelope -Moment diagram Grid B-B ....................................................... 17
Figure 13: Section Input in Frame along Grid B-B ..................................................... 19
Figure 14: Section Input In Frame Along grid 2-2 ...................................................... 20
Figure 15: Section Input In Ground Floor ................................................................... 20
Figure 16: Design Output in Frame along Elevation ................................................... 23
Figure 17: Design Output in Frame on Floor ............................................................... 25
Figure 22: Column Layout ........................................................................................... 38
List of Table
Table 1: Load Cases ....................................................................................................... 5
Table 2: Load Combination ........................................................................................... 6
Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials ................................................................................. 7
Table 4: Dead Load Calculation .................................................................................... 7
Table 5: Live Load for Residential Building ................................................................. 9
Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load ...................................................................... 11
Table 7: Base Reaction ................................................................................................ 12
Table 8: Storey Drift .................................................................................................... 12
Table 9: Modal Result .................................................................................................. 14
Table 10: Joint Reaction .............................................................................................. 18
Detailed Analysis & Design Report of Building
1 Introduction
1.1 General
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Office building. The building is Special
Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both
strength and serviceability requirements when subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design have been based on NBC 2020 code that is in practice in Nepal. This report
consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample
design of structural members.
1.2 Salient Features
1.2.1 Project Information
Type of building : Office Building

Location : Pharsatikar, Rupandehi, Nepal
Ground Floor Area : 175 Sq. m
Total land Area :
Land Coverage (%) :
1.2.2 Building Features

The building has some special features which are listed below:
Type of Buildings : Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure
Shape : Regular Shape
Plinth level : As per architectural drawing
Roof floor Type : Inaccessible Terrace
Walls : Brick walls
Footing Type : Isolated footings
Dimension : 18.35m by 10.85m
Story Height : All floors- 3.15 m
Total Height : 9.45 m from Plinth lvl.
No of Story : FF + SF+ TF
1
Figure: First Floor Plan of Building
1.2.3 Site Condition
Type of soil : Type B, Medium Soil as per NBC 105
Safe bearing pressure : 120 KN/m2
Seismic Zone Factor : 0.3 for Rupandehi as per NBC 105
1.3 Analysis Technology and Methodology

General:
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are done without
affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is modeled using finite element
method.
The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions produced by
anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of art three-dimensional structural
analysis programs ETABS 2018. The design loads considered as per the relevant codes of practice
comprise dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to occupancy of the structure and
seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed location. A number of load
combinations are considered to obtain the maximum values of design stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.
• The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type.
Beams and columns are considered as the structural load resisting elements. Although
non-structural components like wall plaster, infill walls, floor finishing etc. has comes
effects on structural performance, they are considered only as loading.
• For column M20 grade concrete is used. Except Column, for all structural elements, M25
grade concrete is used.
• Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.
• Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action has
been modeled by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered in
modeling. Slab ismodeled as shell element.
2
• Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.

• The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
• Foundation is assumed to be fully rigid at the plinth level.
• The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
• Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
• Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
orthogonal directions of building) and not along the vertical direction, since it isnot
considered to be significant for design of structural members suitable load combinations
as suggested by IS NBC 105 are used.
Figure 2: 3D Modeling
3
1.4 Codes and Standard used

For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are followed:
• IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
• IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures
• NBC Nepal Building Code 105:2020
1.5 Software Used

The following software is used for the structural analysis and design.
ETABS 2018 - For analysis and design of the structures
For structural modeling of the present building, ETABS software was used. ETABS is a
special purpose finite element analysis and design program developed specifically for building
systems. With ETABS, models are defined logically floor-by-floor, column-by-column, bay- by-
bay and wall-by-wall and not as a stream of non-descript nodes and elements as in general
purpose programs. The software has very powerful numerical methods, design procedures and
international design codes, all working from a single comprehensive database. At its core, it
utilizes the same analysis engine as used by SAP2000.
Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load generation, finite
element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis, concrete frame design (column
and beam) and shear wall design.
2 Analysis
2.1 Material properties
2.1.1 Concrete
All components of plain and reinforced concrete unless specified in design are M20 grade.
Modulus of Elasticity [Ec]= 5000 √fckN/mm2(Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:2000)
= 2 5 00 0 N/mm2, 22360 N/mm2 for M20 & M25 Grade
respectively.
Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.2
Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3
Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2 for M20 grade.
The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength multiplied by a
coefficient 0.67 and divided by the material partial safety factor. The partial factor for
concrete in flexure and axial load is 1.5.
4
2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Characteristic strength of high yield steel is taken as TMT Fe500 for main rebar and TMT
Fe500 for shear rebar and material partial safety factor is to be 1.15.
Modulus of Elasticity [Es] = 2x105 N/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.3
2.2 Section Properties
Preliminary Size of Members
The preliminary sizes of Beam, Column, and Slab were chosen based on experience.
Main Beam : 250 mm x 425 mm
Column : 350 mm x 350 mm
Slab Thickness : 150 mm
During the analysis, beam, column & slab are modeled as frame elements.
2.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:
• The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and the loads
distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements whenever possible.
• Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
• For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of NBC 105:2020.
2.3.1 Load Cases
The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.
Table 1: Load Cases

Load
Load Name Description Unit Remarks
Type
Dead Dead Self-weight of the structure KN/m2
LIVE Live Imposed Load <=3 KN/m On floor slab
LIVE 2 Live Imposed Load >3 KN/m2 On floor slab
Roof Live Live Roof Live KN/m2 On floor slab
WALL LOAD Dead Partition Wall Load KN/m On floor beams
FINISHES Dead Floor Finish Load KN/m2 On floor slab
EQX Seismic Seismic Coefficient NBC X+0.1Y
EQY Seismic Seismic Coefficient NBC Y+0.1X
5
2.3.2 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on NBC 105-2020. The following load combinations are
specified as per NBC 105, Cl: 3.6
Static Load Combination:
1.2DL + 1.5LL)
Seismic Load Combination:
DL + λLL ± EQ)
Where,
λ = 0.6 for storage facilities
= 0.3 for other usage.
The following load combinations are used during analysis
Table 2: Load Combination

S.N Type
1 1.2DL + 1.5LL
2 DL + 0.3LL+ EQx
3 DL + 0.3LL - EQx
4 DL + 0.3LL + EQy
5 DL + 0.3LL - EQy
6
2.4 Estimation of Load

The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight of different
structural and non-structural elements is derived from IS 875 Part 1 and presented in below.
The load calculations are based on actual measured drawings. The self-weight of beams,columns
and slabs are calculated by the program. Similarly, the imposed loads are applied onthe slab
as area load in KN/m2 and values of imposed loads are tabulated below. The weight of infill walls
are calculated and applied on beams as line weight in KN/m.
• Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as area load in
KN/m2.
• Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab.
• Single type of Live load is assigned in each panel of slab.
• A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof level.
• The roof is assumed inaccessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian Standard, IS
875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic load.
2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)

Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875 -1987(part1). Unit
weights of different material used are given below
Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials

S.N Type Value
1 Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
2 Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m3
3 Screed 21.0 KN/m3
4 Marble 26.7 KN/m3
5 Mosaic finish 23.1 KN/m3
6 Plaster 20.4 KN/m3
7 Steel Rebar 78.6 KN/m3
Table 4: Dead Load Calculation
1 Unit Weights of materials

Brick masonry 19.2 kN/m3
Screed 21 kN/m3
Mosaic 23.1 kN/m3
Marble 26.7 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25 kN/m3
cement plaster 20.4 kN/m3
2 Heights of Beams, Walls & Parapet Walls

Depth of Beam 0.425 m
Height of Floor 2.725 m
7
Dead Loads of Walls
Particular Height Thickness Density Load Load with windows

Calculated applied (70% opening)
(Kn/m3)
(kn/m) (kn/m)
For brick 2.725 0.23 19.2 12.03 12.00 8.5
wall
For brick 2.725 0.115 19.2 6.01 6 4.2
wall
For Parapet 1 0.115 19.2 2.2 2.2 -
wall
Figure 3: Frame Load (Wall Load) in 3D
8
Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load) in Grid 1-1
2.4.2 Live Load

The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the building. These are
to be chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various occupancies. The live load distribution
varies with time. Hence each member is designed for worst combination of dead load and
live loads. Live loads for Office Building are given above.
Table 5: Live Load for Residential Building
S. N Area type Load Unit

1 Terrace (Accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
2 Terrace (Inaccessible) 0.75 KN/m2
Staircase Balcony and
3 4 KN/m2
Passage
4 Partition Load 1.5 KN/m2
5 Room 3 KN/m2
9
Figure 5: Area Load (live load<=3) First Floor
Figure 6: Floor Finish Load (Dead Load) on First Floor
Figure 7: Roof live Load on Second Floor
10
2.4.3 Seismic Load

The seismic load is applied to the building with user defined lateral load pattern in ETABS
2018 as per NBC 105-2020. This load case is assumed static linear and all the necessary data
are given as per the following conditions.
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone
according to NBC 105-2020. The soil type is considered as medium with 10% damping to
determine average response acceleration. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame
without consideration of infill wall. Therefore, the fundamental time period Ta is obtained by
using the following formula:
Ta = 0.075 h0.75[Cl.5.1.2, NBC 105:2020]

H= 9.45 m.
Soil Type: Type B
Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows
Zone factor, Z = 0.3 for Rupandehi [Cl4.1.4, NBC 105-2020]
Importance factor, I = 1.2 [Cl 4.1.5, NBC 105:2020]
Ductility factor = 4 [Cl 5.3, NBC 105:2020]
Over Strength Factor for Ultimate limit state =1.5 [Cl 5.4, NBC 105:2020]
Over Strength Factor for Service limit state =1.25 [Cl 5.4, NBC 105:2020]
An exponent related to the structural period, K= 1.065 [Cl 6.3, NBC 105:2020]
Value of Seismic Base Shear Coefficient (ULS): 0.156 [Cl 7.1, NBC 105:2020]
Value of Seismic Base Shear Coefficient (SLS): 0.12
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Cl: 5.2, NBC 105-
2020)
Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load

S. N Load Type Scale Factor
1 Dead Load 1
2 Live Load 0.3
3 Roof Live Load Nil
3 Analysis Output
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both seismic coefficient and responsespectrum
methods are used. The major discussion are focused on the eccentricity, story shear, inter story
drift, maximum displacement and base shear along two orthogonal directions. The column and
beam size and reinforcement are designed for the maximum response.
3.1 Seismic Coefficient Method
The fundamental time period of the building as per NBC 105, total seismic weight and base
shear in both orthogonal directions are given in Table 7.
11
TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions - Auto Seismic - User Coefficient

Ecc Weight Used Base Shear
Name Top Story Bottom Story C K
Ratio kN kN
EQ-X 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044
EQ-X(1/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
EQ-X(2/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
EQ-X(3/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
EQ-Y 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044
EQ-Y(1/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
EQ-Y(2/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
EQ-Y(3/3) 0.1 TERRACE Base 0.125 1.044 4258.9881 664.4021
Load Case/Combo Weight Used FX FY MX MY MZ

kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
EQ-X 1 4258.9881 -664.4021 0 0 -3630.9842 2761.0785
EQ-X 2 4258.9881 -664.4021 0 0 -3630.9842 3440.8288
EQ-X 3 4258.9881 -664.4021 0 0 -3630.9842 2081.3283
EQ-Y 1 4258.9881 0 -664.4021 3630.9842 0 -5948.6243
EQ-Y 2 4258.9881 0 -664.4021 3630.9842 0 -7063.4599
EQ-Y 3 4258.9881 0 -664.4021 3630.9842 0 -4833.7886
Table 7: Base Reactions
Based on program/software calculated seismic coefficient, base shear and storey shear are
as shown in the table and to calculate these parameters, the following equation has been used
as per code.
3.2 Story Drift
As per Cl. no. 7.11.1 of NBC 105, the story drift in any story due to specified design lateral
force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.025 times the story height. From the
analysis the displacements of the mass center of various floors are obtained and are shown in
along with story drift.
Table 8: Storey Drift ULS
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift

TERRACE FLOOR EX1 X 0.001731
SECOND FLOOR EX1 X 0.002747
FIRST FLOOR EX1 X 0.002648
TERRACE FLOOR EY1 Y 0.001482
12
SECOND FLOOR EY1 Y 0.002046

FIRST FLOOR EY1 Y 0.002176
It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value of 0.025 where the design
horizontal deflections shall be determined by multiplying the
horizontal deflection found from Equivalent Static Method or Modal
Response Spectrum Method by the Ductility factor (Rμ). Thus, the drift check seems to comply with the safety
value mentioned in the code
Table 9: Storey Drift SLS
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift

It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value of 0.006 times story height
Thus the drift check seems to comply with the safety value mentioned in the code.
13
3.3 Modal time period and mass participation

NBC 105:2020 clause 7.3 states that number of modes to be used in the analysis should be such
that the sum total of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 percent of the total
seismic mass of the structure.
Number of Modes Considered = 12
Modal Mass Participation along X = 100%
Modal Mass Participation along Y = 100%
Table 9: Modal Result
Case Mode Period UX UY Sum UX Sum UY

sec
Modal 1 0.547 0.834 0.0001 0.834 0.0001
Modal 2 0.497 0.0001 0.8866 0.8341 0.8867
Modal 3 0.404 0.042 0.0002 0.8761 0.8869
Modal 4 0.217 0.0779 1.31E-05 0.954 0.8869
Modal 5 0.208 1.251E-05 0.0787 0.954 0.9656
Modal 6 0.167 3.084E-05 2.67E-06 0.954 0.9656
Modal 7 0.159 0.0455 0 0.9995 0.9656
Modal 8 0.151 0 0.0344 0.9995 1
14
3.4 Force Diagram

The output of forces obtained from ETABS analysis for Envelope have presented below as a
sample only. The output forces are axial force, Shear force and Moments.
3.4.1 Axial Force Diagram
Figure 7: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid 2-2
Figure 8: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid B-B
15
3.4.2 Shear Force Diagram
Figure 9: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid 2-2
Figure 10: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid B-B
16
3.4.3 Moment Diagram
Figure 11: Envelope -Moment diagram Grid 2-2
Figure 12: Envelope -Moment diagram Grid B-B
17
3.5 Joint Reactions

The reactions at the support of column for load combination of 1.5(DL + LL) are as follows:
Table 10: Joint Reaction

Story Unique Name Load Case/Combo FZ MX MY
kN kN-m kN-m
BASE 2 DL+LL 184.3334 -4.2964 15.4723
BASE 8 DL+LL 300.9395 0.8469 21.4743
BASE 12 DL+LL 249.0782 2.6815 18.54
BASE 16 DL+LL 418.1287 -5.6092 -5.5092
BASE 20 DL+LL 636.3873 0.1442 -4.2047
BASE 23 DL+LL 443.8636 5.9883 0.9844
BASE 26 DL+LL 366.5158 -3.1181 5.7903
BASE 28 DL+LL 576.4363 -2.0851 5.2703
BASE 31 DL+LL 444.7852 6.699 -2.0608
BASE 33 DL+LL 185.5523 -3.8814 -17.006
BASE 35 DL+LL 302.8784 1.3428 -22.8916
BASE 37 DL+LL 250.2765 3.0893 -19.5588
BASE 39 DL+LL 121.1621 2.6756 6.6017
BASE 41 DL+LL 120.7996 2.7282 -7.5335
18
4 Design of Structural Members

4.1 Design Input and Output
4.1.1 Section Input Diagram
Figure 13: Section Input in Frame along Grid 2-2
Figure 14: Section Input In Frame Along grid B-B
19
Figure 15: Section Input In First Floor
20
4.1.2 Design Output Diagram
21
Figure 16: Design Output in Frame along Elevation
22
Figure 17: Design Output in Frame on Floor
23
4.2 Design of Slab

DESIGN OF F1 SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR
CASE 1
Short span S= 3.000 mts
Long span L= 4.50 mts
Assumed slab thickness t= 0.150 mts
Grade of concrete fck= 20 N/mm^2
Grade of reinforcement fy= 500 N/mm^2
Type of panel
Loads
4.50 mts
Self weight of slab w1= 3.75 kN/m^2
Floor finish 100 mm thk wpc w2= 1.50 kN/m^2
Live load - Accessible Terrace w3= 2.00 kN/m^2
Miscellaneous-Equipment Load w4= 1.50 kN/m^2 3.00 mts
Ratio of long span to short span R= 1.5 Two Way Slab

Design Load with load factor of 1.5 Wu= 13.13 kN/m^2
Design
Coeff BM k pt Ast Dia Spacing
Short span direction
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.075 8.86 0.52 0.12 180 8 150
Positive moment at midspan 0.056 6.62 0.39 0.09 180 8 150
Long span direction

Negative moment at continuous edge 0.047 5.55 0.33 0.08 180.0 10 150
Positive moment at midspan 0.035 4.13 0.28 0.06 180.0 10 150
Minimum effective depth reqd dre= 56.66 mm

Clear cover to any reinforcement c= 15 mm
Minimum effective depth provided dpr= 122 mm greater than 'min. eff depth reqd'. Hence ok
Minimum reinforcement Amin= 180 mm^2
Deflection check
Reinf provided at midspan along short direction 335.10 mm^2 Dia 8 at 150 mm
Stress in reinforcement fs= 155.77 N/mm^2
Percentage of reinforcement provided pt= 0.2558 %
Modification factor as per fig 4 of IS:456-2000 MF= 2
Type of slab for deflection check Continuous

Basic span to effective depth ratio 26
Minimum effective depth reqd from deflection criteria 57.69 mm
Effective depth provided 131 mm greater than 'min. eff depth reqd'. Hence ok
assume depth at support = 150 mm

effective depth at support = 131 mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR :
24
At middle of Short edge Vy = w Lx / 3 per unit width

At middle of Long edge Vx = w Lx β
( 2β + 1 )
β = 1.5000
So, Vy = 13.13 KN
So, Vx = 14.766 KN
ζ vy = Vy / ( bd ) = 0.100 N/mm2
ζ vx = Vx / ( bd ) = 0.120 N/mm2
% steel provided along Long direction = 0.273 %
% steel provided along Short direction = 0.256 %
Permissible shear stress = Kζc
Provided thk of slab = 150 mm
k slab thickness 150 150.000 150

k 1.300 1.300 1.300
ζc % steel 0.250 0.273 0.500

ζc 0.370 0.382 0.500
Permissible shear stress, K ζ c = 0.497 N/mm2

HENCE OK
ζ c max = 2.800 N/mm2
HENCE OK
** Note: Refer Structural Dwg. for detail
25
4.3 Design of Beam and Column

4.3.1 Sample Beam Design
ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design
Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FIRST FLOOR B13 27 M20 B250X425 1.5(DL+LL) 175 6000 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
250 425 250 0 35 35
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-216.1755 2.5186 223.0579 0
Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-216.1755 4.0001 0 -220.1756
Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -220.1756 1509 0 1509 377
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 785 0 785 754
Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
223.0579 70.7563 168.4205 76.0462 1196.69
26
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
2.5186 223.0579 200 375 1196.69
27
4.3.2 Sample Column Design
ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design
Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FIRST FLOOR C10 10 M25 C350X350 DL+0.3LL+EQx 0 3150 0.926
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
183.974 22.7691 114.7544 3.6795 3.6795 2307 1.88
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.635863 2725 47.3073 0 3.6795
Minor Bend(M2) 0.617654 2725 12.3779 0 3.6795
Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 61.8782 81.218 41.1595 59.0712 387.95
Minor, Vu3 50.6924 81.218 41.1595 50.6924 387.95
Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
28
(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A
Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1225 23.1 1967.5537 456.6676 183.974 1
Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.865 350 4.951 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.865 350 4.809 12 No 0
Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed
29
4.4 Footing Design from excel (sample)
F4 Isolated Footing Design Excel Sheet

Sample Design
1 Footing Size Design
Load Pu 1142 KN
Design Load P 761 KN
Moment in x dir Mux -3 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy -7 KN-m
Column size cx 350 mm

cy 350 mm
SBC q 120 KN/sqm
Footing Size required A req 6.98 sqmm
L 2.60 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 2.60 meters
Area Provided A prvd 6.76 meters
Zx 2.93
Zx 2.93
Net upward pressure Nup 110 KNm2
Footing Size OK
2 Slab Design
lx 1.125
ly 1.125
Bending Moment in x dir Mx 105 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 105 KN-m
Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa
Minimum Depth Required dmin 199
Depth Provided D 600 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 544 mm
30
Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
653 sqmm 173 c/c 308 c/c 481 c/c
653 sqmm 173 c/c 308 c/c 481 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
3 One Way Shear along x direction
Vu1 250 KN
ζv 0.177 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 368 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
4 One Way Shear along y direction
Vu1 250 KN
ζv 0.177 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 368 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 987 KN
ζv 0.507 MPa
ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 2175 KN
Two Way Shear Check OK
31
32
4.4 Staircase Design from excel (sample)
Staircase Design
Data
Effective Span (l) 3.50 mm
Riser (R) 175 mm
Thread (T) 250 mm
Waist Slab thickness (t) 150 mm
Clear Cover 15 mm
Effective Depth of Waist Slab (d) 135 mm
Grade of Concrete (fck) 20 MPa

Grade of Steel (fy) 415 MPa
Loading
Loads on going Loads on waist slab
Self weight of waist slab 4.58 KN/m Self weight of landing slab 3.75 KN/m
Self weight of steps 2.19 KN/m Live Load 4.00 KN/m
Live Load 4.00 KN/m Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m
Floor Finish Load 1.00 KN/m Total Load 8.75 KN/m
Total Load 11.76 KN/m Factored Load 13.13 KN/m
Factored Load 17.65 KN/m
Bending Moment
Calculate Bending Moment using the equation (W*L*L )/8
Bending Moment = 27 KN-m
Reaction
to be used as UDL = 31 KN
60 KN-m
Area of Main Steel

Ast 612 sqmm
Spacing
Diameter of bar 12ø 16ø
Spacing across x 185 c/c 328 c/c
Provded Main Steel: 12ø @150mm c/c
Area of Distribution Steel

Ast 180 sqmm
Spacing
Diameter of bar 8ø 10ø
Spacing across y 279 c/c 436 c/c
Provided Distridution Steel: 10ø @200mm c/c
33
5 Summary of the Analysis and Design

5.1 Column Output:
Concrete Grade: M25
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 40 mm
Fig.6.7
Column ID Size (mm) Up to Ground floor Up to 1st Floor 2nd floor to Eve
C1 350X350 4-20ф+4-16ф 4-16ф+4-16ф 4-16ф+4-12ф
C2 350X350 4-20ф+4-20ф 4-20ф+4-16ф 4-16ф+4-12ф
NOTE:
1. The transverse reinforcement in the column should be 8mm ф, 4- legged @ 100mm c/c at below
and above the face of the beam for a distance of 0.8m.
2. The spacing of 8mm ф, 4- legged transverse reinforcement should be @ 100mm c/c in lap zone.
3. Other detailing is as per structural drawings sheet.
34
5.2 Beam Output:

Design Parameters: Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 30 mm
Beams Rebars at Support Rebars at mid span
Top Bottom Top Bottom
Plinth Beam 3-16mm dia. Bars 3-16mm dia. Bars 3-16mm dia. Bars 3-16mm dia. Bars
(250x300mm) (TH) (TH)
First Floor Beam
MB (250x425mm) along 3-20mm dia. Bars 3-20mm dia. Bars 3-20mm dia. Bars 3-20mm dia. Bars
Grid 1, 2 & 3 (TH) +2-16mm (EX) (TH)
Grid A, B, C & D (TH) +2-16mm (EX) (TH)
SB (250x355mm) 2-16mm dia. Bars 3-20mm dia. Bars 2-16mm dia. Bars 3-20mm dia. Bars
(TH) (TH)
Second Floor Beam

Grid 1, 2 & 3 (TH) +2-16mm (EX) (TH)
Grid A, B, C & D (TH) (TH)
(TH) (TH)
Stair Cover
MB (250x425mm) 2-16mm dia. Bars 2-16mm dia. Bars 2-16mm dia. Bars 2-16mm dia. Bars
(TH) (TH)
(TH) (TH)
Vertical Stirrups 8mm dia. Vertical Stirrups @ 100mm c/c 8mm dia. Vertical Stirrups @ 150mm c/c
upto L/4 from end of support upto midspan
NOTE:
In first and second floor at Grid 2-2, between Grid B-B & C-C, provide bottom reinforcement in two
layers i.e. 3-20mm dia. Bars in bottom layer and 2-16mm dia. Bars in second layer.
1. The shear reinforcement in the L/4 of beam span measured from supports face should be 8mm ф
provided @ 100mm c/c and can be placed @ 150mm c/c in remaining span.
2. The shear reinforcement in the main beam in which secondary beams are tied should be 8mm ф
provided @ 75mm c/c throughout.
3.The shear reinforcement in the lapping zone should be also provided @ 150mm c/c
4.The shear reinforcement in the circular beam should be provided @ 100mm c/c
35
5.3 Footing Output
Schedule of RCC Footing- SBC 120 KN/m2
Footing Footing size Footing type Depth Top Bottom

mm (L x B) of
footing footing Rebar along footing Rebar along
Length & Breadth Length & Breadth
F1 1530 X 1530 Isolated 450 mm 12mm dia@150mmc/c 12mm dia@150mmc/c
F2 2000 X 2000 Isolated 450 mm 12mm dia@150mmc/c 12mm dia@150mmc/c
F3 2200X 2200 Isolated 450 mm 12mm dia@150mmc/c 12mm dia@150mmc/c
F4 2600X 2600 Isolated 600 mm 12mm dia@150mmc/c 12mm dia@150mmc/c
5.4 Slab Reinforcement: Slab Thickness – 150mm

Main bar 10 mm and extra bar 8 mm @ 150 mm C/C.
5.5 Cantilever Slab Reinforcement: Slab Thickness – 150mm

Main bar 12 mm and extra bar 10 mm @ 150 mm C/C.
5.6 Staircase Bar: Waist Slab Thickness – 150mm

Use 12mm dia. bar as main bar @ 150 mm C/C and 10 mm as distribution bar @ 200 mm C/C.
36
Required sizes of structure were adopted

SN Structures Sizes(mm)
1 Column (350mmX350mm)
2 Main Beam MB (250mm X 425mm)
SB (250mm X 355mm)
3 Slab 150mm
4 Concrete grade M25 Column, M20 Beam,

Footing and Slabs
5 Steel grade Fe500 for main bar and Fe450
(stirrups)
37
6 References
[1] IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
[2] IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures
[3] IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
[4] IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
[5] Structures subjected to seismic forces
[6] NBC Nepal Building Code 2020
[7] Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain
[8] Limit State Design of Substructure- Swamisharan
[9] ETABS manual
END OF REPORT
38

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Report

Structural Analysis & Design

Type of building : Office Building

Total land Area :

Land Coverage (%) :

1.2.2 Building Features

Shape : Regular Shape

Plinth level : As per architectural drawing

Roof floor Type : Inaccessible Terrace

Walls : Brick walls

Footing Type : Isolated footings

Dimension : 18.35m by 10.85m

Story Height : All floors- 3.15 m

Total Height : 9.45 m from Plinth lvl.

Figure: First Floor Plan of Building

1.2.3 Site Condition

Type of soil : Type B, Medium Soil as per NBC 105

Safe bearing pressure : 120 KN/m2

Seismic Zone Factor : 0.3 for Rupandehi as per NBC 105

1.3 Analysis Technology and Methodology

• Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.

1.4 Codes and Standard used

1.5 Software Used

2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Table 1: Load Cases

2.3.2 Load Combination

The following load combinations are used during analysis

Table 2: Load Combination

2.4 Estimation of Load

2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)

Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials

Table 4: Dead Load Calculation

1 Unit Weights of materials

2 Heights of Beams, Walls & Parapet Walls

Height of Floor 2.725 m

Dead Loads of Walls

Particular Height Thickness Density Load Load with windows

Figure 3: Frame Load (Wall Load) in 3D

Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load) in Grid 1-1

2.4.2 Live Load

Table 5: Live Load for Residential Building

S. N Area type Load Unit

Figure 5: Area Load (live load<=3) First Floor

Figure 6: Floor Finish Load (Dead Load) on First Floor

Figure 7: Roof live Load on Second Floor

2.4.3 Seismic Load

Ta = 0.075 h0.75[Cl.5.1.2, NBC 105:2020]

Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load

TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions - Auto Seismic - User Coefficient

Load Case/Combo Weight Used FX FY MX MY MZ

Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift

SECOND FLOOR EY1 Y 0.002046

Table 9: Storey Drift SLS

Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift

3.3 Modal time period and mass participation

Table 9: Modal Result

Case Mode Period UX UY Sum UX Sum UY

3.4 Force Diagram

Figure 7: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid 2-2

Figure 8: 1.5(DL+LL)- Axial Force diagram in Grid B-B

3.4.2 Shear Force Diagram

Figure 9: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid 2-2

Figure 10: Envelope -Shear Force diagram in Grid B-B