Newtonian Mechanics

Newtonian mechanics is grounded on the use of Newton’s three laws of

motion. The mechanics explains that space (distance), time, and mass, are

absolute. This means that the distance between two objects and the time that

passes between two events does not depend on the environment where the object is

in.

Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Theory of Light

According to Maxwell, light as a wave have both electrical and magnetic

components and that it moves at a constant speed of 186,000 miles per second. It

means that the speed of light is the same for everything and for all observers.

The Conflict

There is only one conflict between the two theories: according to Maxwell,

light in a vacuum moves at 186,000 miles per second. And it does not change for

all observers and situation. However, according to Newtonian physics, all speeds

are relative – meaning speed depend on the observers, viewpoint and situation.

Resolution: Einstein and the Special Theory of Relativity

In 1905, Albert Einstein published his observation about the differing ideas

of the two theories through the special theory of relativity. His theory is based on

the observations of events from different viewpoints.

He stressed that while Newtonian physics is true, Maxwell’s theory is also

correct. He resolved the opposing ideas by establishing the two foundations of the

special theory of relativity.