Lectia 22

Past Simple or Past Perfect

1. We   (leave) the cinema as soon as the movie   (end).

had gotten was
2. After Mary   (get) her new school uniform, she   (be) very happy.
met had studied
3. He   (meet) some friends after he   (study) for the test.
arrived had already done
4. When we   (arrive) at home, she   (already do) the washing.
needed had stolen
5. She   (need) help because someone   (steal) her money.
had done visited
6. She   (do) her homework before she   (visit) me.

Translate:

1. „Doar cei ce pot vedea ceea ce este invizibil pot realiza imposibilul”– Patrick Snow

Only the people who can see the invisible can realize the impposible.

2. „Oamenii vad doar ceea ce sunt pregatiti sa vada”– Ralph Waldo Emerson

3. „Gandeste global, actioneaza local”– Rene Dubos

4. „Nu vei zari nicicand un curcubeu daca te uiti in jos.” – Charlie Chaplin

5. „Valoarea unui om se masoara dupa greutatile pe care el le invinge.” – Voltaire

6. „Oricate calitati am avea, lumea se uita numai la defecte.” – Moliere

(Conditionalele 1 si 2)

Exercise: Use the following verbs (believe, fill, get, look, put, switch, take, throw, turn, try) and the
prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, out) and form meaningful sentences.

get on
1. Quick!   the bus. It's ready to leave.
look for
2. I don't know where my book is. I have to   it.
turn on
3. It's dark inside. Can you   the light, please?
fill in
4.  the form, please.
try on
5. I need some new clothes. Why don't you   these jeans?
take off
6. It's warm inside.   your coat.
throw away
7. This pencil is really old. You can   it  .
turn down
8. It's so loud here. Can you   the radio a little?
put of
9. The firemen were able to   the fire in Church Street.
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believe
10. Does your little brother   ghosts?

11. Find all mistakes in the text. Write the correct one near it.

Hello,
My name is Susan. I'm forteen and I life in Germany. My hobbys are go to discos. In the July I
go bathing in a lake. We take busses to scool. My birthday is on Friday. I hope I will become a new
guitar.
I'm looking forward to get a e-mail from you.

Yours,
Susan
Fourteen live hobby is going to (the), the bus school on get an getting
Exercise: On Verb Tense
1. She   a heavy bag at that moment. (to carry)
2.  they   hands when you saw them? (to shake)
3. I   a screwdriver when you entered the room. (not/to use)
4.  the teacher   the exercises when you were talking to
your colleague? (to explain)
5. He   in the kitchen when you called for him. (not/to help)
6. The people   themselves at the party. (to enjoy)
7.  in the garden because I thought he was? (Nick/to dig)
8. He thinks you   too fast. (to drive)
9.  when someone stole your clothes? (you/not/to swim)

Reading and Analysis: PAST TENSE

I had a bad experience. It happened last week.

I woke up late because my alarm clock didn’t ring. I got up quickly and had a shower in a hurry, and as
you guess, I didn’t have enough time to eat breakfast.

I was driving my car fast in hoping I wouldn’t be late for work, and that prevented me from taking a good
look at the traffic lights. I failed to stop when the light was red.

And I was still driving fast when suddenly a policeman on his huge motorbike overtook me and told me
to stop.

“Oh, no!” I whispered. I pulled out.

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The policeman just stopped his motorbike right in front of my car. He got down his motorbike and
approached me.

“Good morning! You ran the red light. Can I see your driving license and paper, please?” he said as I was
getting out of my car.

I tapped my back pocket trying to find my wallet where I have my driving license and paper. But the
wallet was not there. I checked my handbag in the car. It was not there either.

“Excuse me, Officer. I don’t have my wallet. I left it at home. I am in a hurry,” I said apologetically. Of
course the policeman wouldn’t listen to such excuses. He told me to get back home and fetch the driving
license and paper. He said I could leave my car there and he would wait. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
================= ========== =

Luckily I had some money in my other pocket. I caught a public transport and went back home. 30
minutes later I got back to my car. I showed the policeman my driving license and paper and he gave me
a ticket for running the red light and for failing to produce my driving license and paper.

By this time I was 45 minutes late for work. I was sure my boss would be very angry. I had to drive to
my office even faster. But there was another problem; I couldn’t find my car key. Perfect! I left my car
key at home!

Cursing, again I headed back home and grabbed the damned key that was lying on the table near the
door. The public transport trip to go back to my car was slow as the driver had to stop very often for more
passengers. It took me 25 minutes to get back to my car.

When I was behind the wheel again, thetime was 09.55. I was late, very late.I could see my boss’s nasty
face and could hear the words he would use to address my being late.

So I drove the rest of the trip like hell.

When I arrived at my office, I was surprised. The gate of the office was closed and I didn’t see anyone
there, not even the office boy. The main door was also closed.

And that was the time I realized it was Sunday.

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Make the summary of the text in 6 sentences.

How to Paraphrase Text

To paraphrase text, follow these four steps: Useful in presentations, when you have to explain your idea
again.

1. Read and Make Notes

Carefully read the text that you want to paraphrase. Highlight, underline or note down important terms and
phrases that you need to remember.

2. Find Different Terms

Find equivalent words or phrases (synonyms) to use in place of the ones that you've picked out. A dictionary,
thesaurus or online search can be useful here, but take care to preserve the meaning of the original text,
particularly if you're dealing with technical or scientific terms.

3. Put the Text into Your Own Words

Rewrite the original text, line by line. Simplify  the grammar and vocabulary, adjust the order of the words and
sentences, and replace "passive" expressions with "active" ones (for example, you could change "The new
supplier was contacted by Nusrat" to "Nusrat contacted the new supplier").

Remove complex clauses, and break longer sentences into shorter ones. All of this will make your new
version easier to understand .

4. Check Your Work

Check your work by comparing it to the original. Your paraphrase should be clear and simple, and written in
your own words. It may be shorter, but it should include all of the necessary detail.

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Paraphrasing: an Example

Original

Despite(in ciuda) the undoubted fact that everyone's vision of what constitutes success is different, one should
spend one's time establishing and finalizing one's personal vision of it. Otherwise (in caz contrar), how can you
possibly understand what your final destination might be, or whether or not your decisions are assisting you in
moving in the direction of the goals which you've set yourself?

The two kinds of statement – mission and vision – can be invaluable (de nepretuit) to your approach, aiding
you, as they do, in focusing on your primary goal, and quickly identifying possibilities that you might wish to
exploit and explore.

Paraphrase

We all have different ideas about success. What's important is that you spend time defining your version of
success. That way, you'll understand what you should be working toward. You'll also know if your decisions are
helping you to move toward your goals.

Used as part of your personal approach to goal-setting, mission and vision statements are useful for bringing
sharp focus to your most important goal, and for helping you to quickly identify which opportunities you should
pursue.

How to Summarize Text or Speech

1. Get a General Idea of the Original

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First, speed read  the text that you're summarizing to get a general impression of its content. Pay particular
attention to the title, introduction, conclusion, and the headings and subheadings.

2. Check Your Understanding

Build your comprehension of the text by reading it again more carefully. Check that your initial interpretation of
the content was correct.

3. Make Notes

Take notes on what you're reading or listening to. Use bullet points, and introduce each bullet with a key word
or idea. Write down only one point or idea for each bullet.

If you're summarizing spoken material, you may not have much time on each point before the speaker moves
on. If you can, obtain a meeting agenda, a copy of the presentation, or a transcript of the speech in advance, so
you know what's coming.

Make sure your notes are concise, well-ordered, and include only the points that really matter.

4. Write Your Summary

Bullet points or numbered lists are often an acceptable format for summaries

However, don't just use the bulleted notes that you took in step 3. They'll likely need editing or "polishing" if
you want other people to understand them.You can also write your summary as a paragraph, turning each bullet
point into a full sentence.

Aim to use only your own notes, and refer to original documents or recordings only if you really need to. This
helps to ensure that you use your own words.

If you're summarizing speech, do so as soon as possible after the event, while it's still fresh in your mind.

5. Check Your Work

Your summary should be a brief but informative outline of the original. Check that you've expressed all of the
most important points in your own words, and that you've left out any unnecessary detail.

Summarizing: an Example

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Original

So how do you go about identifying your strengths and weaknesses, and analyzing the opportunities and threats
(amenintari) that flow from them? SWOT Analysis is a useful technique that helps you to do this.

What makes SWOT especially powerful is that, with a little thought, it can help you to uncover opportunities
that you would not otherwise have spotted. And by understanding your weaknesses, you can manage and
eliminate threats that might otherwise(in alt caz) hurt your ability to move forward in your role.

If you look at yourself using the SWOT framework, you can start to separate yourself from your peers(colegii),
and further develop the specialized talents and abilities that you need in order to advance your career and to
help you achieve your personal goals.

Summary

SWOT Analysis is a technique that helps you identify strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats.
Understanding and managing these factors helps you to develop the abilities you need to achieve your goals
and progress in your career.