Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture

BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR

Session # 15

Name: Kierstyn Cabalan

Section: SWU-1BSN-R1-A8 Schedule: 8:00 AM - 4:00 PM
Date: 24/08/2022

LESSON REVIEW/PREVIEW
Before continuing to this chapter, you must answer this quick identification quiz. This will serve
as your basic review in the information studied from the last session. You must set a 5-second
rule in answering each question. Right after finishing the 5 items, you can compare it with the
correct answers by looking at their notes. Be quick & have fun!

1. The volume of erythrocytes within a given volume of whole blood, expressed as a percentage.
Answer: HEMATOCRIT
2. The plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood. Answer: ALBUMIN
3. The anucleate cells that function to transport oxygen to the body's cells. Answer:
ERYTHROCYTES
4. The process of blood cell formation within the red marrow of bones. Answer:
HEMATOPOIESIS
5. A thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and is freely floating in the bloodstream.
Answer: EMBOLUS
6. Blood type A carries the __________ antigen. Answer: ; A
7. A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s). Answer: B+, B-, O+, O-

8. The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs.
Answer: HEMOLYTIC
9. There is an average of ______ WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood. Answer:
4000-11000
10. The type of leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergy attacks and infections of
parasitic worms.
Answer: EOSINOPHILS
 Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture
BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR
Session # 15

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1)
point will be given to the correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio.
Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 20 minutes for
this activity.

Multiple Choice

1. All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT:

a. generation of blood pressure
b. ensures one-way flow of blood
c. generation of formed elements of the blood
d. regulates rate and force of blood delivery
e. distributes oxygenated blood to tissues
Answer: C
Ratio: Except for option C, all of the following are heart functions. Hemocytoblasts, which are
stem cells, produce the formed elements.

2. Which of these statements concerning the form and location of the heart are correct?
a. The apex is the most superior part of the heart.
b. The apex is directed to the left, and deep to the fifth intercostal space.
c. The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior.
d. The most superior part of the heart is deep to the 12th intercostal space.
e. Both the apex is the most superior part of the heart and the base of the heart is directed
inferior and slightly posterior are correct.
Answer: B
Ratio: The mediastinum, which is the space between the two pleural cavities in the thoracic
cavity, houses the heart. The apex is directed left (roughly two-thirds of its mass is located to
the left midline of the sternum), deep to the left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line, and
the base is deep to the sternum and extends to the level of the second intercostal space.

3. The blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart tissue itself are the:
a. pulmonary veins.
b. coronary arteries.
c. coronary sinuses.
d. pulmonary trunks.
e. vena cava
Answer: B
 Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture
BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR
Session # 15

Ratio: The heart's wall is supplied with oxygenated blood by the coronary arteries.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried by pulmonary veins. to the left atrium's lungs. The
majority of the blood leaving the heart is drained through the coronary sinus and enters the
right atrium. In the lungs, deoxygenated blood is transported from the right ventricle to the
left atrium by the right and left pulmonary arteries, respectively. Large vessels called vena
cava carry deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body to the heart. proper atrium.

4. The pericardium, or pericardial sac: (Select all that apply)

a. is a double-layered, closed structure.
b. anchors the heart in the mediastinum.
c. has a tough fibrous connective tissue inner layer.
d. has an inner layer of squamous epithelial cells.
Answer: A, B, and D
Ratio: Except for option C, all of the following describe the pericardium or pericardial sac.
The fibrous pericardium, which is its tough outer layer of connective tissue, is present.

5. The right atrium:

a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
Answer: A
Ratio: Options B for the tricuspid valve, C for the bicuspid valve, D for the pulmonary SL
valve, and E for the aortic SL valve all refer to the functions of the heart valves.

6. Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
a. tricuspid valve
b. bicuspid valve
c. aortic semilunar valve
d. pulmonary semilunar valve
e. interventricular septum
Answer: A
Ratio: Between the right atrium and right ventricle, there is an AV valve called the tricuspid
valve, which has three cusps.
 Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture
BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR
Session # 15

7. Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart?
a. superior vena cava
b. inferior vena cava
c. pulmonary trunk
d. pulmonary vein
e. coronary sinus
Answer: C
Ratio: Except for option C, all of the blood vessels mentioned in the options carry blood to the
heart. Deoxygenated blood is transported from the right ventricle to the lungs by the right and
left pulmonary arteries, which branch off from the pulmonary trunk.

8. Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct?
a. from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
b. from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium
c. from the aorta to all parts of body except lungs
d. from the coronary sinus to the right atrium
e. Neither from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium nor from the coronary sinus to the right
atrium is correct.
Answer: B
Ratio: For circulation, blood travels from the superior and inferior vena cava, the right
atrium, the tricuspid valve, the right ventricle, the pulmonary SL valve, the pulmonary trunk,
the pulmonary arteries, the lungs, and the left atrium, the bicuspid valve.

9. Which of these statements concerning the functional characteristics of the heart chambers is
NOT correct?
a. During ventricular diastole, blood collects in the right and left atria.
b. At the very beginning of ventricular diastole, blood flows directly from the atria into the
relaxed ventricles.
c. 70% of ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract.
d. During ventricular systole, the atrioventricular valves close.
e. During ventricular diastole, the semilunar valves open.
Answer: E
Ratio: With the exception of option E, all of these describe the heart chambers' correct
functional characteristics. The atrioventricular valves close and the SL valves open during
ventricular systole. The SL valves close and the AV valves are open during ventricular
diastole.
 Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture
BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR
Session # 15

10. Pepper is trying to recall their discussion regarding the circulation involving the heart. The
following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart.
1) Right Atrium
2) Left Atrium
3) Right Ventricle
4) Left Ventricle
5) Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
6) Aorta
7) Pulmonary Artery
8) Pulmonary Vein
9) Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
10) Tricuspid Valve
11) Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
12) Aortic Semilunar Valve
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering the heart from the body and leaving for
pulmonary circulation?
a. 8, 1, 10, 3, 11, 7
b. 5, 1, 10, 3, 11, 7
c. 5, 2, 9, 4, 12, 6
d. 6, 12, 1, 2, 10, 4
e. 8, 2, 3, 7, 11, 6
Answer: B
Ratio: The right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary SL valve, and pulmonary
artery serve as the starting points for the flow of blood entering the heart from the body and
leaving for pulmonary circulation.
 Anatomy & Physiology - Lecture
BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR
Session # 15

AL Activity: GUIDED DISCOVERY

This strategy leads you through practices that will help you develop deeper understanding and
mastery. By posing one question, you have the free will to answer it based on your own
understanding in the Main Lesson. The more you dig deeper, the more comprehensive the
information you will relay. Here’s the question and enjoy! You can use the space below.

How would you describe a person with damage to the following structures?
1. Mitral Valve

- The valve that separates the left and right chambers of the heart is affected by
mitral valve disease. Mitral valve regurgitation is a symptom of mitral valve disease.
Blood may leak backward if the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly.
Mitral valve stenosis causes the flaps of the mitral valve to enlarge or stiffen and
possibly fuse. As a result, there is a reduction in the amount of blood that flows from
the left atrium to the left ventricle.

2. Sinoatrial Node

- The heartbeat may become very slow and the blood pressure may drop if the sinus
node is damaged by surgery, medication, congenital heart defects, or other factors
that prevent it from functioning normally. Bradycardia is an abnormally slow
heartbeat brought on by sinus node dysfunction.

3. Pericardium

- There might not be a cause (idiopathic pericarditis). The immune system's reaction
to heart damage brought on by a heart attack or a heart surgery infection, such as
COVID-19, can result in pericarditis.