VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018

REPORT ON AICTE ACTIVITY POINTS

Name & USN of the student ABHISHEK M 1JS19EC400

Department, Semester & Section Electronics and Communication

Engineering, 8th Semester & ‘C’

Section

Entry to Programme Lateral

Activity Points 25

1. Developing and Managing Efficient Garbage

Disposable System.
Title (s) of Activity undertaken 2. Facilitating 100% digitized money transactions

Place (s) of Activity Uttarhalli Kengeri Main Road.

1. 07/01/2022 TO 30/01/2022
Date(s) of activity 2. 01/02/2022 TO 14/02/2022

Number of Weeks or Hours involved 6 weeks ,100 hours

Name of the Mentor Mrs.Kavitha M

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

JSS Campus, Dr.Vishnuvardan Road, Srinivaspura, Bengaluru, Karnataka
560060
 JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BENGALURU

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr ABHISHEK M, bearing USN 1JS19EC400 is a bonafide student

and has actively involved in bringing awareness / trained / implemented / demonstrated /
facilitated and successfully completed the activity undertaken as stated above. This
assignment is a part of AICTE Activity Points Programme and for the partial fulfilment for
the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication
Engineering.

Activity Points Earned: 25

Name and Signature of the Mentor: Mrs.Kavitha M

Name and Signature of the HOD: Dr. P M Shivakumaraswamy

Name and Signature of the Principal: Dr. Bhimasen Soragoan

Developing and Managing Efficient Garbage
Disposal

ACTIVITY -1
Developing and managing efficient garbage disposable system.

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ACTIVITY -1
Developing and managing efficient garbage disposable system.

ABSTRACT

In a common man’s eye anything that is unwanted or not useful is garbage or Waste. However
scientifically speaking there is no waste as such in the world. Almost all the components of solid
waste have some potential if it is converted or Treated in a scientific manner.

India produces 277 million tonnes of municipal solid waste every year, according to a 2016
estimate. That’s more than 80% of the 334 million tonnes of Waste generated across South Asia
and about 13% of the global waste generated Every year. A very small percentage of this waste
generated gets reused, while a Majority of it gets dumped in landfills and burned across various
scrapyards across the country.

So, I had taken up the initiative of going around my neighbourhood and make The people living
here aware of the importance of waste management and recycling. I then started educating people
the importance of e-waste recycling and the Different firms that exist in Bengaluru like “E-
Parisaraa” and so on. The Swachh Bharat Mission initiative was addressed with the community.

There is an urgent need to build a better waste management system upon Existing systems instead
of attempting to replace them blindly with models from Developed countries. To prevent any
epidemic and to make each city a healthy city economically and environmentally, there is an urgent
need for a well-defined Strategic waste management plan and a strong implementation of the same
in India.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is
Discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product by contrast Is
a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product,
joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product’s value Above zero.

Arising quality of life, and high rates of resource consumption patterns have had a unintended
and negative impact on the urban environment - generation of wastes far beyond the handling
capacities of urban go vernments and agencies. Cities are now grappling with the problems of
high volumes of waste, the costs involved, the disposal technologies and methodologies, and the
impact of wastes on the local and global environment.

But these problems have also provided a window of opportunity for cities to find solutions -
involving the community and the private sector; involving innovative technologies and disposal
methods; and involving behaviour changes and awareness raising. These issues have been amply
demonstrated by good practices from many cities around the world.

There is a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal that is focussed on municipalities
and uses high energy/high technology, to move more towards waste processing and waste
recycling (that involves public-private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization -
driven at the community level, and using low energy/low technology resources. Some of the
defining criteria for future waste minimization programmes will include deeper community
participation, understanding economic benefits/recovery of waste, focusing on life cycles (rather
than end-of-pipe solutions), decentralized administration of waste, minimizing environmental
impacts, reconciling investment costs with long-term goals.

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CHAPTER 2

MOTIVATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the processes and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management
process and waste-related laws, technologies, economic mechanisms.

Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and each type has different methods of disposal and
management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological,
household, municipal, organic, biomedical, radioactive wastes. In some cases, waste can pose a
threat to human health. Health issues are associated throughout the entire process of waste
management. Health issues can also arise indirectly or directly. Directly, through the handling of
solid waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil and food. Waste is produced by
human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials .Waste management is
intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary resources
and aesthetics.

2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES

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Two main waste categories can be established based on the distinct legislation and policy
instruments usually in place: non-hazardous or solid waste; and hazardous waste. Such a
classification is also used in the Basel Convention.

Hazardous waste is usually regulated at the national level, while non-hazardous is regulated at
the regional or local (municipal) level

1. Non-hazardous/solid waste

 Non-hazardous waste is any type of industrial waste which, according to regulations,

cannot be added to a dumpster or sewage line

 Is all waste which has not been classified as hazardous: paper, plastics, glass, metal and
beverage cans, organic waste etc. While not hazardous, solid waste can have serious
environmental and health impact if left uncollected and untreated. While a significant
proportion of solid waste could theoretically be reused or recycled, collection by type of
waste (selective waste collection) – a prerequisite for reuse and recycling – is one of the
biggest waste management challenges.

2. Hazardous waste

 Hazardous waste that has been identified as potentially causing harm to the environment and
human health and therefore needs special, separate treatment and handling Chemical and
physical characteristics determine the exact collection and recycling process.
 Flammability, corrosiveness, toxicity, ecotoxicity and explosiveness are the main
characteristics of hazardous waste. Liquid, gaseous and powder waste need special treatment
by default to avoid the dispersal of the waste.
 Generally, separate collection and handling are established to avoid contact with non-
hazardous waste. Chemical treatment, incineration or high-temperature treatment, safe
storage, recovery and recycling are possible modes of treatment for hazardous waste. Most
hazardous waste originates from industrial production. Special kinds of hazardous waste
include:

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*Medical waste originates from the human and animal healthcare systems and usually consists
of medicines, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, bandages, used medical equipment, bodily fluids and
body parts. Medical waste can be infectious, toxic or radioactive or contain bacteria and harmful
microorganisms (including those that are drugresistant).

*Radioactive waste contains radioactive materials. The management of radioactive waste

differs significantly from that of other waste. Auditing the management of radioactive waste is
not the subject of this MOOC.

Fig 2.3: The origin of waste

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CHAPTER 3
SEGGREGATION OF WASTES AND DISPOSAL METHOD

3.1 SEGGREGATION OF WASTES

Definition: - keeping wet and dry wastes separately, So that dry can be reduced quantities of
hazardous waste, as the general waste is separated and follows the municipal waste stream. This
greatly reduces the costs for safe disposal of hazardous health-care waste quantities of
hazardous waste, as the general waste is separated and follows the municipal waste stream. This
greatly reduces the costs for safe disposal of hazardous health-care waste.

Effective segregation of rubbish, recycling, reduction of plastic packaging is one of the most
important factors for the implementation of sustainable pro-ecological development. … In
addition, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of recycling and the reduction of toxic waste
discharged into the Environment

Fig 3.1: segregation of wastes

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3.2 DISPOSAL METHODS

3.2.1 LANDFILL

A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the
disposal of waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal. although the

systematic burial of the waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past,
refuse was simply left in piles or thrown into pits; in archeology this is known as a midde.

Fig 3.2.: Landfill

Some landfill sites are also used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage,
consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting,
treatment, or recycling. Unless they are stabilized, landfills may undergo severe shaking or soil
liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake.

Once full the area over a landfill site may be reclaimed for other uses

3.2.2 INCINERATION

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Fig 3.3: Incineration

Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert
them into residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for disposal of both municipal solid waste and
solid residue from waste water treatment. This process reduces the volumes of solid waste by 80 to 95 percent.
Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as "thermal
treatment". Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash. Incineration is carried out
both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to dispose of solid,
liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous
waste materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a controversial method of
waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants including
substantial quantities of carbon dioxide.

3.1.1 RECYCLING

Fig 3.4: Recycling

Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials
such as empty beverage containers. This process involves breaking down and reusing materials that
would otherwise be gotten rid of as trash. There are numerous benefits of recycling, and with so
many new technologies making even more materials recyclable, it is possible to clean up
the Earth. Recycling not only benefits the environment but also positively affects the economy. The
materials from which the items are made can be made into new products. Materials for recycling
may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, a
procedure called kerbside collection. In some communities, the owner of the waste is required to

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separate the materials into different bins (e.g. for paper, plastics, metals) prior to its collection.
In other communities, all recyclable materials are placed in a single bin for collection, and the
sorting

is handled later at a central facility. The latter method is known as "single-stream recycling”.

The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium such as beverage
cans, copper such as wire, steel from food and aerosol cans, old steel furnishings or equipment,
rubber tyres, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles and jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers,
magazines and light paper, and corrugated fiberboard boxes.

3.1.2 REUSE

Reusing is the act of taking old items that you might consider throwing away and finding a new use
for them.
Biological reprocessing

Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper
products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic
matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or
landscaping purposes. In addition, waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured
and used for generating electricity and heat (CHP/cogeneration) maximising efficiencies. There are
different types of composting and digestion methods and technologies.

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Fig 3.5: Biological reprocessing

CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION
Health and safety have been the major concerns in waste management. These two still apply – waste
must be managed in a way that minimizes risk to human health. However, today’s society demands
more than this: apart from being safe, waste management must also be sustainable. The first
objective for sustainable waste management is clearly to reduce the amount of waste generated.
However, waste will still be produced. The second objective is therefore to manage waste in a
sustainable way. This involves minimizing the overall environmental burdens, minimizing the
overall economic costs, and maximizing the social acceptability of the whole waste management
system. The third objective is to shift the ‘waste’ focus of the whole waste debate to a ‘resource’
focus.(Ref. 7) Only when waste management systems evolve into optimized resource management
systems will they be truly sustainable. Thus, as an initiative we generated awareness among the
people about segregation of waste, explained about the disposal methods of different types of waste,
communicated about the effects of improper waste disposal, gave information about E-waste and its
management.

Fig 4.1: Demonstrating the cleaning

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Description of Activity with photographs

Some of the pictures showing the cleaning Activity done

Fig 4.2 Cleaning of dry waste in the surrounding Fig 4.3 cleaning

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CHAPTER 5
OUTCOMES

The amount of waste is minimal, and waste management choices protect the environment. The
consumption of material resources and the waste generation that accompanies it can result in
contamination of our air, land and water.

Improving the standards of waste management systems will have great effect on the issue of
environmental protection. Therefore, we need well-trained and highly qualified professional waste
managers who understand the effect of poor operations and misguided policies on the environment
and who have the skills necessary to lead change. Thus, other challenges for the waste industry are
the establishment of guidelines for professional qualifications and more access to qualified training
in the future.

Through this activity, was able to understand just how much of useful if things were classified as
waste and dumped in landfills or the sea and also burned in the open, due to which harmful fumes
are released into the environment which pose a serious health risk to the environment. Create an
awareness among the people about the potential risk involved due to dumping waste or burning
them out in the open thus releasing harmful fumes that cause serious health issues. This initiative as
helped to care better for environment.

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

A concerted effort will be needed to address the poor public perception of the waste industry today.
There is severe opposition to the siting of landfills and waste to energy facilities, and even
opposition to composting facilities, MRFs and recycling centers. People have to become more
aware of their responsibility for the waste they produce. The waste industry needs to work closely
with all stakeholders to implement a communication strategy to change public perception and
ultimately encourage the public to make lifestyle changes towards more sustainable practices.
In Rashad nagar 16th & 17th block, Fathima Layout Govindpura Bangalore as an initiate an
‘Awareness on efficient garbage disposal’ was done and the residents of the location were informed
about segregation of waste, different types of waste, efficient methods of disposing the waste.

REFERNCE

[1].Almoner S and Coleman T (1997). Life cycle assessment for waste management
planning.Proc.Sardinina
[2].97, 6th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. S.Margherita di Pula,
Italy.

October.

[3].Research by Ategrus. Spain, National Member of ISWA.

[4].Research by NRF, Norway, National member of ISWA.
[5].Research by IW, UK, National Member of ISWA.

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