SOLID WASTE AND RELATED

ISSUES
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

Solid or semi-solid, non-soluble ,soluble

material(including gases and liquids in containers) such as
agricultural refuse, demolition waste, industrial waste,
mining residues, municipal garbage, and sewage sludge.
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Solid waste can be broadly classified into different types

depending on their source:
 Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste
Eg. Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles,
leather, yard wastes, wood, glass
 Industrial waste as hazardous waste
Eg. construction and demolition materials, hazardous
wastes, ashes
 Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.
Eg. disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids,
human excreta
GUESS THE TYPE OF WASTE
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials

Four Rs ( Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Reduce ) to be followed

for waste management

REFUSE
REUSE
RECYCLE
REDUCE
New Methods of disposal

Landfill
Incineration
(incineration plant in Vienna)

Recycling
(Steel crushed and baled for
recycling)
Biological reprocessing
(An active compost heap)

Energy recovery
(mechanical biological
treatment plant in Germany)
 National Solid Waste Association of India
Formed on 25th January 1996.
Non-profit organization in the field of Solid Waste
Management.
Includes Toxic and Hazardous Waste and also
Biomedical Waste in India.
 PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

-STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING

- DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS

- TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS
- BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL
WASTE STREAM
- INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN AREAS

-SEPARATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE.

- PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT PLACE OF

GENERATION.
- STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY

-WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES

- FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Common as trash or garbage

Residential,commercial,industrial sources

Biodegradable and recyclable

Inert,composite and domestic

Disposal methods
MSW IN INDIA
Per capita waste generation

5% increase in waste generation annually

Collection of waste is poor

Allocation of funds improper

India is a global “trash can”

SOLUTIONS
Waste minimisation

Material recycling

Waste processing

Waste transformation

Sanitary landfilling
SOLID WASTE

IN INDIA
 Current Scenario
Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per
annum
With urban population increasing between 3 – 3.5% per
annum
Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%
annually
7.2 million tones of hazardous waste
India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid
waste annually at present.
Growth of Solid Waste In India
In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
During the same period, municipal solid waste has
grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of
67%
City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
Major Polluting Industries in India
Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cu m of
waste water containing high level of dissolved solids
and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste
300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-litres of
spend wash per year containing several pollutants
Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials
Waste Collection in India
Primarily by the city municipality

Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)

MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste

Management) vehicle
 INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 Bio-medical Waste Handling Rules, 1998 - Notified
 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000 –
Notified.
 Reforms Agenda (Fiscal, Institutional, Legal)
 Technical Manual on Municipal Solid Waste
Management
 Technology Advisory Group on Municipal Solid Waste
Management
 Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Integrated Plant
Nutrient Management from city compost.
OBJECTIVES
Environmental Protection that Benefits the Poor
Empowerment of Women and other Disadvantaged
Groups
Raised Awareness and Changing Perceptions
Measurable in Numbers
TERI Projections on Waste Generation In India
QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION

TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE 1.15 LAKH TONNE

GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS PER DAY (TPD)
OF THE COUNTRY
 % OF TOTAL GARBAGE
WASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD 18.35%

WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD 17.08%

(1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)

WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER 42,635.28 TPD 37.07%

CLASS-I TOWNS
(0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) ____________ _________
83,378.28 TPD 72.50%

IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE

OF WASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5% OF TOTAL
WASTE.
How solid waste affected us in recent years?
Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage line
due to large no. of plastic bags
Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to
consumption of contaminated foods
Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due
to imported scrap from Iran
Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to
consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food
movement in their stomach
Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste
Education & voluntary compliance
Collection of waste
Technological interventions
Institutions & regulatory framework
Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
Market action for waste reduction
REASONS FOR IMPROPER
MANAGEMENT OF WASTE
Lack of planning for waste management while
planning townships
Lack of proper institutional set up for waste
management, planning and designing in urban
local bodies
 Lack of technically trained manpower
Lack of community involvement
Lack of awareness creation mechanism
Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste
management using modern techniques best
practices
Lack of funds with ULBs
 HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTES
 Lead to the spread of infectious diseases

 Attracts rats flies and other rodents that helps in spreading diseases

 Plastic waste a reason for ill health.

 The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste include – the population in
areas where there is no proper waste disposal method, especially the pre-school children,
waste workers; and workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious material

 Contamination of water resources.

 Industrial hazardous waste with municipal waste can expose people to chemical and
radioactive hazards.

 Waste treatment and disposal sites can also create health hazards for the neighbourhood
Infections
Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and
from infected wounds, Eye and respiratory infections resulting from
exposure to infected dust, especially during landfill operations, diseases that
results from the bites of animals feeding on the waste and intestinal
infections that are transmitted by flies feeding on the waste.

 Chronic diseases
Incineration operators are at risk of chronic respiratory diseases, including
cancers resulting from exposure to dust and hazardous compounds.

Accidents
Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the handling of heavy containers,
infecting wounds resulting from contact with sharp objects, poisoning and
chemical burns and other injuries resulting from occupational accident sites
or from methane gas explosion at landfill sites.
 INCENERATION
 Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the combustion of organic
materials and/or substances.

 Thermal treatment

 Incinerator bottom ash, flue gases, particulates and heat

 Waste-to-Energy (WtE)

 Incineration may also be implemented without energy and materials recovery

 In several countries there are still expert and local community concerns about the
environmental impact of incinerators
OTHER METHODS
OF DISPOSAL
MANUAL DISMANTLING
CRUSHING
DRYING OF PELLETS
MACHINE DRYING OF PELLETS
Click icon to add picture

SHREDDING
FLOW DIAGRAM