AAE 3104 CH 5 Some Successful Aircraft Designs - Special Aircraft

AAE 3104 Aircraft Design

Chapter 5
Some Successful Aircraft Designs
Special Aircrafts
By T. G. Pai
400 ft span; 5 years endurance

1

Military Fighter Aircraft
Bombers/Multi- Role Combat Aircraft/Stealth Aircraft
Special Aircraft
Supersonic Transport - Concorde
Large Freighters - AN 224 /B747 LCF
Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer
Virgin Galactic Space Ship and VSS Enterprise
Solar Powered Aircraft
Transport Aircraft
Long Range, Medium Range and Regionals
Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV
Medium Altitude Long Endurance MALE
High Altitude Long Endurance HALE
2
Special Aircraft
Supersonic Transport Concorde
Largest Cargo AN 224 Mriya
Large Cargo Freighter Boeing 747 LCF Dream Lifter
Virgin Galactic’s VMS Eve and VSS Enterprise
Solar Powered Long Endurance Aircraft

3
Concorde Supersonic Transport Aircraft (1/8)
l = 61.66m
b = 25.6m
S =358.25m2
T/W = 0.373
Max Take Off Weight: 185 T

Pay Load:13.38 T (90 to 120 Pax)
Range 7223 Km
Max Speed 2.04 M (2179 km/h at cruise altitude)
4
Lift to Drag Ratio L/D: Low speed 3.94

Approach 4.35
250 knot at 10,000 ft 9.27
Mach 0.94 11.47
Mach 2.04 7.14
5
Number of Aircraft built 20 Operation Period 1976 -2003

Max Angle of Attack: 16.5 ° Max Nose droop: 12.5 °
Inducted – 1976 Retired – 2003
BAE/ Aerospatiale
6
Nose Droop 12.5°

Approach attitude 16.5°
for Ground Vision
Variable geometry shielded Air Intakes

4 Engines below Delta Wings
7
Concorde 3 View Drawing and Geometry (5/8)
Tail Less Delta

Low Aspect Ratio 1.82
Wing Area 358.25 m2
Fin Area 33.91 m2 8
Concorde Cabin Layout (6/8)
9
Concorde Fuel Transfer System (7/8)

(for Reducing SM)
CG NP NP
M<1 M>1
SM
SM
Going from Going from

Subsonic to Supersonic speed Supersonic to Subsonic speed
10
Concorde Airframe Temperature(8/8)
11
Antonov AN 225 Mriya(1/11)

(World’s the Biggest Aircraft)
l = 84m
b = 88.4m
S =905m2
T/W = 0.234
AR = 8.635
Max Take Off Weight 640 T Pay Load 250T

Max Speed 850 km/h Service Ceiling 11 km
Range with Max Fuel 15400 km Fuel 300 T
Range with Max Pay Load (200T) 4500 Km
Take Off Distance 3500 m
Antonov built ONE Aircraft
Ultra Heavy Oversized Freight in 70 m long Cargo Hold 12
Antonov AN 225 Mriya (2/11)
Front view while landing

Leading Edge Slats deployed
Rear view while landing

T E Flaps deployed
32 Wheel L G – 28 in Main Gear (MG) and 4 in Nose Gear (NG)

4 Wheels of NG & 16 of MG steerable - ground maneuverability
L E Slats and T E Flaps deployed for Landing
Antonov AN 225 Mriya carrying Buran (4/11)

Flight to Le Bourget (Paris Air Show – June 1989)
AN225 Buran
Length (m) 84 36.37
Wing Span (m) 88.4 23.92
15
Buran Russian Space Shuttle (5/11)
Max Weight /Pay Load 105 T/30 T

Landing Weight/Speed 85 T/ 336 Kmph
Length /Height 36.36m/16.35m
Wing Span 26.92m
NPO Molniya built ONE Buran
Buran had one 3 hours flight on Nov 15, 1988
16
Antonov AN 225 Mriya

Landing in Paris Air Show (6/11)
In its First public appearance

AN 225 with Buran landed in
Le Bourget on June 12,1989
(Paris Air Show)
17

Static Display at Paris Air Show
18
Antonov AN 225 Mriya Cargo Hold (8/11)
Door Size (W x H ) 6.38 m x 4.39 m

Cargo Hold (L x W x H) 42.97 m x 6.38 m x 4.39 m
Useable Volume 1299 m3
19
Antonov AN 225 Mriya Cockpit (9/11)
20
AN 225 Comparison with other Big Aircrafts (10/11)
H4*
AN 225
A 380
B 747
* H4 “Spruce Goose” was also

known as “Hercules” and “HFB 1”
(Hughes Flying Boat 1) had one
flight at 70 ft above water level on
Nov 2, 1947 at 135 mph
Comparison of AN 225 with AN 124 (11/11)
AN 124 Fuselage extended by 50 m

Aft loading Ramp Door not provided for AN 225
AN 124 Wing adopted by adding Wing Root piece for AN 225
Two more Engines added for AN 225
AN 124 Pay Load of 150 T increased to 250 T for AN 225
Above changes increased Take Off Weight from 405 T to 640 T
22
Antonov AN 124
l = 68.96m
b = 73.3m
S =628m2
T/W = 0.23
AR = 8.555
Take Off Weight 405 T Pay Load 150 T

Max Speed: 865 km/h Range 4500 km
Take Off distance; 3000m
Antonov built 55 Aircraft Inducted 1986
Can accommodate Two F 18s (Wings & HT removed)
23
Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF

Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF (1/8)
Dream Lifter 747-400

Fuselage Length 71.68m 70.6m
Wing Span/Area 64.4m/628m2
Take off Weight 364.235 T 396.89 T
Range 7800 km 13,450 km
Max Speed 0.82M 0.85M
No of Aircraft 4 694
Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF (2/8)
B 747 – 400 aircraft was modified as B 747 LCF (Large Cargo

Freighter) to transport components of Dreamliner from many
other countries to Boeing Assembly shop.
Fuselage size was enlarged and provided with hinged aft Fuselage
for facilitating loading of large long components 26
Dream Lifter - Boeing B 747 – LCF (3/8)
B-747 – 400 modified to accommodate large size components

of Dreamliner Aircraft
Fuselage width increased from 6.5 m to 8.38 m and Cargo
capacity of Dreamlifter is 1841 m3 27
Front Fuselage of Dream Lifter B 747 – LCF (4/8)
Enlarged Fuselage size visible

(width increased from 6.5 m to 8.38 m)
28
Useful internal space (width x height x length) :

7.24 m x 6.7m x 39.62 m
29
Loading Dreamliner Components (6/8)

Hinged Aft Fuselage of Dreamlifter B 747 -LCF
30
Hinged Aft Fuselage section

for facilitating loading of large and
long components
31
Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF
32
C5MC5 Galaxy
Super Galaxy
l = 75.31m
b = 67.89m
S =576m2
T/W = 0.26
AR = 8
Max Take Off Weight 418 T Pay Load 130 T

Max Speed 932 km/h (0.79 M) Range 9165 km
Take Off Distance 2600m T/W Ratio 0.22
Aspect Ratio 8 Inducted 1970
Lockheed built 131 Aircraft 33
Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer (1/5)
March 3, 2005 Round the Globe Flight: 67 hours 1 min

After 3 more flights retired in March 2006
34

The Global Flyer is a single seat, turbofan powered airplane
designed to fly around the world nonstop, unrefueled, with a
solo pilot.
This was achieved for the first time on March 3, 2005, taking
67 hrs and 1 min of flying time. With that, Pilot Steve Fossett
set the record for the fastest time around the world
unrefueled.
The Global Flyer eventually

made three solo nonstop
flights around the world,
and it is now on display at
the National Air and Space
Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center since March 2006 35
Wing Span: 34.75m

Wing Area: 37.16 m2
Wing Aspect Ratio: 32.5
Aircraft Length: 13.4 m

Aircraft Height: 4.05 m
Gross Weight: 10024 kg
Empty Weight: 1678 kg
Engine Williams FJ 44-2 11.01 kN Thrust

3 Hull Configuration with Engine mounted on Top of Central
Fuselage
36
37
Performance
AR=32.5 L/D = 37
Speed = 476 km/h Range 35,188 km
Service Ceiling 15,444 m
38
Futuristic Design of Virgin Galactic (1/7)
39
Virgin Mother Ship (VMS) Eve (2/7)

Span 42.7 m
Pay Load = 15900 Kg,
Range = 3700 km
Altitude: 15.3 km,
Manouvre Load Factor 0 to 6 g,
Carriage of VSS
Enterprise by VMS Eve :
July 16, 2010
40
Virgin Space Ship (VSS) Enterprise (3/7)
VSS Enterprise:
18.28m long, 8.53 m Dia;
Pay Load 6 Pax + 2 Pilots,
Altitude 110 Km (?)
41
VMS Eve and VSS Enterprise (4/7)
VSS Enterprise
25 m
Carriage of VSS
Enterprise by VMS Eve
July 16, 2010
VMS Eve
42.7 m
42
VSS Enterprise carried by VMS Eve (5/7)
Carriage of VSS Enterprise by VMS Eve : July 16, 2010
43
Virgin Galactic – Re-entry System of VSS (6/7)
Virgin Mother Ship White Knight 1 - Space Ship One
May 04, 2011: Virgin Space Ship (VSS) Enterprise 2

successfully flexes its Feathered Reentry System in a
gliding flight after getting released from VMS Eve
44
Vigin Atlantic Galectic (7/7)
Breaks Speed of Sound in Rocket Powered Flight of Space

Ship Two: 29 April 2013
Reaches Supersonic speed: 10 Jan 2014
600 bookings as of January 2014 at US$250000 for Space
Flights!
31 Oct 2014 : In-flight Loss ………
Helios Solar Powered Flying Wing (1/4)
Aircraft Length 3.6 m

Height 2 m (with prop blade horizontal)
Span 75.3 m
Wing Area 186.6 sq m
Aspect Ratio 30.9
Max TO Mass 930 Kg
Pay Load 300 Kg
46

Engine 14 x 1.5 KW
Max Alt 29523 m
Speed 30 to 40 kmph
AeroVironment and NASA
Aug 2001 – June 2003
47
Trailing edge device used as

longitudinal controls and
differential Engine Thrust
used as directional control
Outboard engine and inboard

engine have thrust lines in
different planes. Pitch control
also attempted by over speeding
outer engine
48
Increased flight speed, structural deflection of out board wing

and excessive dihedral led to aircraft instability resulting in
failure of Helios
49
Solar Impulse 2 Perambulation round the Globe

(36000 km 640 hours)
W = 2300 kg
Solar Impulse 2
W = 440 tons
Boeing 747 - 81
Solar Impulse 2 (June 2015)
Wing Span 71.9 m

Wing Area 269 m2
Length 21.85 m
Height 6.4 m
Take Off Mass 2300 kg
Propulsion 4 electric motors of each 13.5 kW
Propellers 4 propellers of diameter 4 m
Solar Cells 17248 Cells (66 kW peak)
Batteries 4 x 41 kWh Lithium-Ion (633 kg)
Take off Speed 36 km/h
Cruise Speed 90 km/h
Max Speed 140 km/h
Cruise/Max Altitude 8500/12000m
Solar Impulse 2 - Perambulation round the Globe

(36000 km 640 hours)
117 hr 52 m
8 flights :17406 km over 254 hr 58 min

(09 Mar to 28 Jun 2015)
6 more flights proposed :19000 km over 390 hr
56 km/h
Solar Impulse 2: 17 Flight Segments

(09 Mar – 28 Jun 2015 & 21 Apr - 23 Jul 2016)
Flight Duration: 558h 07m (23.25 days)

Distance: 42438 km
Solar Impulse 2: 17 Flight Segments
(09 Mar – 28 Jun 2015 & 21 Apr - 23 Jul 2016)
1. Abu Dhabi Muscat 13h 01m 772 km 20942’
2. Muscat Ahmedabad 15h 20m 1593 km 17001’
3. Ahmedabad Varanasi 13h 15m 1170 km 29114’
4. Varanasi Mandalay 13h 29m 1526 km 27000’
5. Mandalay Chongqing 20h 29m 1636 km 28327’
6. Chongqing Nanjing 17h 22m 1384 km 14010’
7. Nanjing Nagoya 44h 09m 2942 km 28327’
8. Nagoya Hawai 117h 52m 8924 km 28327’
9. Hawai Mountain View 62h 29m 4086 km 28327’
10. M’tain View Phoenix AZ 15h 52m 1113 km 22001’
11. Phoenix Tulsa OK 18h 10m 1570 km 22001’
12. Tulsa Dayton OH 16h 34m 1199 km 21001
13. Dayton Lehigh Valley PA 16h 49m 1044 km 15000’
14. L’high ValleyNew York NY 04h 41m 265 km 3002’
15. New York Seville Spain 71h 08m 6765 km 27999’
16. Seville Cairo Egypt 48h 50m 3745 km 27999’
17. Cairo Abu Dhabi 48h 37m 2694 km 27999’

Military Fighter Aircraft
Bombers/Multi- Role Combat Aircraft/Stealth Aircraft
Special Aircraft
Supersonic Transport - Concord
Large Freighters - AN 224 /B747 LCF
Virgin Galactic Space Ship and VSS Enterprise
Solar Powered Aircraft
Transport Aircraft
Long Range, Medium Range and Regionals
Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV
Medium Altitude Long Endurance MALE
High Altitude Long Endurance HALE
55
400 ft span; 5 years endurance

56

AAE 3104 CH 5 Some Successful Aircraft Designs - Special Aircraft

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AAE 3104 Aircraft Design

AAE 3104 Aircraft Design

400 ft span; 5 years endurance

Some Successful Aircraft Designs

Supersonic Transport Concorde

Largest Cargo AN 224 Mriya

Large Cargo Freighter Boeing 747 LCF Dream Lifter

Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer

Virgin Galactic’s VMS Eve and VSS Enterprise

Solar Powered Long Endurance Aircraft

Concorde Supersonic Transport Aircraft (1/8)

Max Take Off Weight: 185 T

Concorde Supersonic Transport Aircraft (2/8)

Lift to Drag Ratio L/D: Low speed 3.94

Concorde Supersonic Transport Aircraft (3/8)

Number of Aircraft built 20 Operation Period 1976 -2003

Concorde Supersonic Transport Aircraft (4/8)

Nose Droop 12.5°

Variable geometry shielded Air Intakes

Concorde 3 View Drawing and Geometry (5/8)

Tail Less Delta

Concorde Cabin Layout (6/8)

Concorde Fuel Transfer System (7/8)

Going from Going from

Concorde Airframe Temperature(8/8)

Antonov AN 225 Mriya(1/11)

Max Take Off Weight 640 T Pay Load 250T

Antonov AN 225 Mriya (2/11)

Front view while landing

Rear view while landing

Antonov AN 225 Mriya (3/11)

32 Wheel L G – 28 in Main Gear (MG) and 4 in Nose Gear (NG)

Antonov AN 225 Mriya carrying Buran (4/11)

Buran Russian Space Shuttle (5/11)

Max Weight /Pay Load 105 T/30 T

Antonov AN 225 Mriya

In its First public appearance

Antonov AN 225 Mriya (7/11)

Antonov AN 225 Mriya Cargo Hold (8/11)

Door Size (W x H ) 6.38 m x 4.39 m

Antonov AN 225 Mriya Cockpit (9/11)

AN 225 Comparison with other Big Aircrafts (10/11)

* H4 “Spruce Goose” was also

AN 124 Fuselage extended by 50 m

Take Off Weight 405 T Pay Load 150 T

Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF

Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF (1/8)

Dream Lifter 747-400

Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF (2/8)

B 747 – 400 aircraft was modified as B 747 LCF (Large Cargo

Dream Lifter - Boeing B 747 – LCF (3/8)

B-747 – 400 modified to accommodate large size components

Front Fuselage of Dream Lifter B 747 – LCF (4/8)

Enlarged Fuselage size visible

Dream Lifter - Boeing B 747 – LCF (5/8)

Useful internal space (width x height x length) :

Loading Dreamliner Components (6/8)

Dream Lifter - Boeing B 747 – LCF (7/8)

Hinged Aft Fuselage section

Dream Lifter Boeing B 747 – LCF

Max Take Off Weight 418 T Pay Load 130 T

Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer (1/5)

March 3, 2005 Round the Globe Flight: 67 hours 1 min