Solution

WORKSHEET

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1. (d) 126

Explanation: Marginal revenue (MR) is the rate of change of total revenue with respect to the number of units sold.

dR
So, MR =  dx
 = 6x + 36 = 6x + 36

∴ when x = 15, then

MR = 6(15) + 36 = 126

Therefore, the marginal revenue when x = 15 is 126.

2. (a) 1

18π

Explanation: Let the thickness of layer of ice is x cm, the volume of spherical ball (only ice layer) is

 [(10 + x)3 - 103] ...(i)

4
V =  3
π

On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. 't', we get

 (3(10 + x)2) 
dV 4 dx

dt
=
3
π
dt
 = -50 [given]

[- ve sign indicate that volume is decreasing as time passes]

⇒  4π (10 + x)2  dx

dt
 = -50

At x = 5cm

  dx

dt
 [4π (10 + 5)2] = -50

⇒
dx

dt
= −
50
= −
1
= −
18π
1
 cm/min

225(4π) 9(2π)

So, the thickness of the ice decreases at the rate of  1

18π
cm/min

3. (c) 9

Explanation: Let the side of cube be a.

S = 6a2 ⇒
dS da da

dt
= 12a ⋅
dt
⇒ 3.6 = 12a ⋅
dt

⇒ 12(10)
da

dt
= 3.6 ⇒
da

dt
= 0.03

V= a3 ⇒ dV

dt
= 3a
2
⋅
da

dt
= 3(10)
2
⋅ (
3

100
)  = 9

4. (c) Decreasing on R

Explanation: Given, f'(x) = -x3 + 3x2 - 3x + 4

f'(x) = -3x2 + 6x - 3

f'(x) = -3(x2 - 2x + 1)

f'(x) = -3(x - 1)2

As f'(x) has -ve sign before 3

⇒  f'(x) is decreasing over R.

5. (b) 3

Explanation: S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

⇒  n(E) = 4, n(F) = 4 and n(E ∩ F )  = 3

3
P (E∩ F)
P(E|F) =  =
8

8
=
3

4
P (F)
4

6. (c) P (E 1 )P (E2 )

E2
Explanation: We have, P (E 1
∩ E2 ) = P (E1 ). P (
E1
)

Since E1 and E2 are independents, therefore

E2
P = ( )
P ( E1 )=P ( E2 )

∴ P (E1 ∩ E2 ) = P (E1 ). P (E2 )

Section B

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 7. By definition of marginal revenue we have,

marginal revenue (M R) =
dR

dx

=
dx
d
(3x
2
+ 36x + 5) = 6x + 36

When x = 5, then
MR = 6(5) + 36 = 30 + 36 = 66

Hence, the required marginal revenue is Rs. 66.

More amount of money spent for the welfare of the employees with the increase in marginal revenue show affinity and care for
employees.
8. Given: h = ⇒ r = 6h
r

So, V = 1

3
πr h
2

= 1

3
π(6h) h = 12πh
2 3

∴
dV
= 36πh
2
⋅
dh
⇒ 18 = 36πh
2
⋅
dh

dt dt dt
dh 18 1
⇒
dt
=
2
−
2

36πh 2πh

⇒ [
dh

dt
] =
(2π×9)
1
cm/s

h=3
dh 1
= cm/s
dt 18π

9. Given:

f(x) = π – x sinx

f ’(x) = 2x – sin x – x cos x

Now,

π
x ∈ (0,
2

= 0≤ sin x ≤ 1, 0≤ cos x ≤ 1,

= 2x – sin x – x cos x > 0

= f ’(x) ≥ 0
π
Hence, function f(x) is an increasing function on (0, 2
)

P (A∩ B)
10. P(A/B) = gives P (A ∩ B) = 2

13

P (B)

P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P (A ∩ B)

5 5 2 11
= 26
+
13
−
13
= 26

Section C

11.

Now, at any instant t, suppose r be the radius of the water level, h the height of the water level and V the volume of the water in
the conical funnel. Then,

dV

dt
 = - 5 ... (given) .... (i)

From similar △s OAB and OCD, we have

CD r 5
AB

OA
=  OC
 ⇒   h
=
10
=
1

2
⇒ r =
1

2
h

1 1 1 2 1
Now, V =  3
π h =
2

3
π × (
2
h) × h  =  12
πh
3

∴   dV

dt
= (
dV

dh
×
dh

dt
)  =  d

dh
(
12
1 3
πh ) ⋅
dh

dt
=
πr

4
⋅
dh

dt

2
πh dh
⇒  -5 =  4
⋅
dt

−20
⇒   dh

dt
=
2

πh

−20
⇒ (   dh

dt
) =
2
 ... [∵ h = (10 - 2.5)cm = 7.5 cm]

h=7.5cm π×(7.5)

−16
=  45π
cm/sec

−16
= Therefore, the rate of change of water level at h = 7.5 cm is  45π
cm/sec

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12. Here it is given function f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15 we know that

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a, b).
i. If f’(x) > 0 for all x ∈ (a, b) , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)
ii. If f’(x) < 0 for all x ∈ (a, b) , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)
Algorithm:-
i. Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)
ii. Find f’(x)
iii. Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.
For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Now,

f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15

⇒ f (x) =
′

dx
d
(2x
3
− 12x
2
+ 18x + 15)

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 24x + 18

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 – 24x + 18 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 4x + 3) = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 3x – x + 3) = 0

⇒ 6(x – 3)(x – 1) = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x – 1) = 0

⇒ x = 3 , 1

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 1 and x > 3

and f’(x) < 0 if 1< x < 3

Therefore, f(x) increases on (–∞ ,1) ∪ (3, ∞ )

and also f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (1,3)

13. Given function is f (x) = 2x + 9x + 12x + 20
3 2

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,

f (x) = 6x + 18x + 12

′ 2

Put f'(x) = 0, we get

6x
2
+ 18x + 12 = 0

⇒ 6(x
2
+ 3x + 2) = 0

⇒ 6(x + 1)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ (x + 1) (x + 2) = 0

⇒x + 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

∴ x = −2 or − 1

Sign of f'(x)

x<-2 (+)(-)(-) +ve

-2<x<-1 (+)(-)(+) -ve

x>-1 (+)(+)(+) +ve

A function f(x) is said to be an strictly increasing function, if f'(x) > 0 and strictly decreasing, if f'(x) < 0.

∴ given function is increasing on intervals (-∞ ,-2) and (-1, ∞ ) and decreasing on interval (-2 -1)

Since, f(x) is a polynomial function, so it is continuous at x = -1, - 2.

∴ given function is

i. increasing on intervals (-∞ , - 2] and [-1, ∞ ).

ii. decreasing on interval [-2, -1].
14. Given, P(A) = 1

3
, P(B) = 1

4
, P(A ∪ B) = 5

12

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

12
= + - P(A ∩ B)

3
1

4
5 4+3−5
P(A ∩ B) = 1

3
+ 1

4
- 12
= 12

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 P(A ∩ B) = 12
2

A P (A∩ B)
P( ) =
B P (B)

= 12

= 2

12
×
4

P( ) =
A

B
2

P (A∩ B)
P( ) =
B

P (A)
2

=
12

2 3
= 12
×
1

P( ) =
B 1

Hence,

P( ) =

B
2

P( ) =
B

A
1

15. Let P(A) = Probability that A solves the problem

P(B) = Probability that B solves the problem

¯
¯¯¯
P (A) = Probability that A does not solve the problem

¯
¯¯¯
and P (B)= Probability that B does not solve the problem

According to the question, we have

P (A) =
1

2
¯
¯¯¯ 1 1
then P (A) = 1 − P (A) = 1 − 2
=
2

¯
¯¯¯
[∵ P (A) + P (A) = 1]

and P (B) = 1

¯
¯¯¯
then P (B) = 1 − P (B) = 1 − 1

3
=
2

i. P (problem is solved)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
= P (A ∩ B) + P (A ∩ B) + P (A ∩ B)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
= P (A)P (B) + P (A) ⋅ P (B) + P (A) ⋅ P (B)

[∵ A and Bare independent events]

= (
1

2
×
2

3
) + (
1

2
×
1

3
) + (
1

2
×
1

3
)

=
2

6
+
1

6
+
1

6
=
4

6
=
2

Hence, probability that the problem is solved, is 2

ii. P (exactly one of them solve the problem)

= P (A solve but B do not solve) + P ( A do not solve but B solve)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
= P (A ∩ B) + P ( A ∩ B)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
= P (A) P (B) + P (A)P (B)

1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1
= ( × ) + ( × ) = + = =
2 3 2 3 6 6 6 2

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