Chapter Five

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations

Chapter Five

Conclusions and Recommendations

5-1 Concluding Comments

It is hoped that the information included in the present study will

help engineers to become more familiar with the various options
available through the use of perforation pin fins heat sink systems. The
methods of analysis outlined here, and the correlations included, should
facilitate this although designs can be performed for many types of
systems with the computer approach outlined. Hopefully, designers will
recognize the significant performance improvements possible for many
applications with the use of perforation pin fins heat sink systems.

5-2 Conclusions

In this study, the overall heat transfer, friction factor, thermal

efficiency, overall enhancement ratio, fin effectiveness and thermal
resistance are investigated experimentally and numerically. The effects of
the working fluid flow and horizontal/lateral/vertical perforated pin fin
array on the overall heat transfer, friction factor, thermal efficiency,
overall enhancement ratio, fin effectiveness and thermal resistance are
determined. The conclusions are summarized as:

1- Average Nusselt number increases with increasing perforations like

lateral perforations.
2- Friction factor decreases with increasing contact surface area due to
perforations.
3- HLV perforated pin fin array has a highly thermal dissipated and lower
pressure drop relative to solid and HV perforated pin fin arrays
4- Maximum overall enhancement ratio is obtained with a minimum

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Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations

value of Reynolds number and it is a higher value for HLV perforated

pin fin array.
5- Nusselt number of pins with horizontal/vertical (HV) perforation is
about 11% higher than that for solid pins and with horizontal
/vertical/lateral (HLV) perforation is about 21% higher than that for
the solid pins.
6- Pressure drop with horizontal/vertical (HV) perforation is reduced by
about 23% compared with that in solid pins and with
horizontal/vertical/lateral (HLV) perforation reduced by about 19%
compared with that in solid pins
7- The weight reduction for the single HV perforated pin fin is 15.4%
relative to that in solid pin fin and the weight reduction for the single
HLV pin fin is 21.65 % relative to solid pin fin .That means HLV
perforated pin fin is lighter than solid and HV. HLV perforated pin fin
array. This is achieved in economically.
8- Intensity velocity vectors for HLV pin fin are higher than for HV pin
fin because the lateral perforations provide lower pressure inside the
horizontal perforations and it allows the flow to pass inside it.
9- HLV perforation pin fins gave a higher reduction in surface
temperatures than solid pin fins and HV perforation.
5-3 Recommendations

The recommendations for future research on this topic are as follows:

1.Treating the problem as three dimensional problems and natural

convection, however the gravity of air and mixed convection is
significant and should be taken into account.

2. Considering the time effect and the inclusion of the unsteady-state term
in the governing equation should be considered.

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Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Studying the same problem experimentally and numerically for the

condition of impingement of flow.

4. Studying the difference between staggered and in-line perforated pin-

fin heat sinks.

5. Studying the optimization of perforated fin spacing and gaps between

heat sinks to maximize heat transfer from an array of heat sinks.

6. Studying the effect of perforation orientation with flow direction to

maximize heat transfer from an array of perforated pin fin heat sinks.

7. Studying Turbulence modelling of pin fin heat sink systems

numerically.

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