BIODIVERSITY

● Biodiversity - variety of life in an area

THREE TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

1. Genetic Diversity - diversity of genes within a species

2. Specie Diversity - diversity among species in an ecosystem also called BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
3. Ecosystem Diversity - diversity at the higher level of organization in ecosystem

ROLES OF BIODIVERSITY

● Ecological Role - all species provide at least one function

● Scientific Role - genes of organisms to make new crops and medicine
● Economic Role - [ foods, goods, recreation ]

CAUSES OF DIVERSITY LOSS

● Change in sea levels - results in part of melting water
● Asteroid and Cosmic Radiation - asteroids hit the earth with extreme force, the reveration can be felt
around the force impact
● Acid Rain - increase the acidity of the soil
● Disease/Epidemic - each disease has defense mechanism and have a ability to fight the disease
● Spread Of Invasive Specie - invasive foreign territory
● Degradation of habit - affect 86% of all treathered birds and animals
● Human Activities [ Increased human population, destruction of habitat, pollution, climate change,
commercial hunting and poaching, construction of large dams, over exploitation of resources

1. THREATENED SPECIES - vulnerable to endangerment in the near future

2. ENDANGERED SPECIES - very likely to become extinct in the near future
3. EXTINCT SPECIES - the death of the last individual of the specie

INDEX OF DIVERSITY

● Population - total number of species of the same specie in a certain area

● Index of Diversity - mathematical way of expressing specie distribution

ID : number of specie X no. of runs

___________________________________
total no. of organism

● Variation - will be able to windstand with changes other than few

POPULATION DENSITY

- Population sizes among organisms. They change with the number of births and when they move
into an ecosystem. They also change when they die or move out of the ecosystem
Population Density : no. of individuals
_____________________
area

LIMITING FACTORS - anything that contrains a populations size and slow or stop them from growing

Classes of Limiting Factors

1. Density of the Independent Factor

● Natural Disaster - negative impact following an actual occurrence of natural hazard

● Temperature - affects the activity and growth of organism
● Sunlight - portion of electronic magnetic coming from the sun
● Physical Characteristics of organisms can affect their population
● Behavior - anything an animal does involving action response

2. Density of the Dependent Factor

● Competition - interaction between organism/species [ insterpecific, intraspecific ]

● Predator / Prey Relationship - organisms that eats another organisms
● Disease - particular abnormal condition
● Parasitism - close relationship between species
● Crowding - occurs during high densities

THEORIES OF EVOLUTION

● Evolution - process of change with a living system over a period of time

● CHARLES DARWIN - scientists his two theories are [ SURVIVAL OF FITTEST | NATURAL SELECTION ]
he sailed on HMS Beagle on the Galapagos Islands
● ALFRED WALLACE - agreed to the idea with charles darwin

DARWIN-WALLACE THEORY

● Overproduction
● Competition
● Variation

● JEAN LAMARCK - Opposed Charles. His two theory are [ USE AND DISUSE | INHERITANCE OF
ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS ]

● AUGUST WEISMANN - Opposed Lamarck

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION: [ Fossil Record, Embryos, Biogeography, Anatomy ]