Assignment Marks: 30

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For Theoretical Answer For Numerical Answer

Assessment Parameter Weightage Assessment Parameter Weightage
Introduction 20% Understanding and usage 20%
Concepts and Application 60% of the formula
related to the question Procedure / Steps 50%
Conclusion 20% Correct Answer & 30%
Interpretation

1. Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices have made remote monitoring in the healthcare
sector possible, unleashing the potential to keep patients safe and healthy, and
empowering physicians to deliver superlative care. It has also increased patient
engagement and satisfaction as interactions with doctors have become easier and more
efficient. Furthermore, remote monitoring of patient’s health helps in reducing the
length of hospital stay and prevents re-admissions. IoT also has a major impact on
reducing healthcare costs significantly and improving treatment outcomes. IoT is
undoubtedly transforming the healthcare industry by redefining the space of devices
and people interaction in delivering healthcare solutions. IoT has applications in
healthcare that benefit patients, families, physicians, hospitals and insurance
companies. The healthcare industry is rapidly adopting new-age technologies such as
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to improve access and outcomes,
especially in rural areas. In this scenario, it is the responsibility of businesses to ensure
that the technology acts with responsibility and transparency. In recent years, India has
seen increased IoT adoption in education, governance and financial services. IoT
Technology has made it possible for doctors to see and interact with patients who are
located far, with smart login devices. The patients’ medical data and case history are
automatically transmitted to the doctor for analysis. What are the potential
cybersecurity challenges in using IoT in healthcare? Enlist a few areas in which IoT
can be used in healthcare. Identify the benefits of using IoT in healthcare in a
developing country like India. (10 Marks)

ANSWER

INTRODUCTION

Remote monitoring in the healthcare sector has been made possible by Internet of
Things (IoT)-enabled devices, unleashing the ability to keep patients safe and secure,
and inspiring doctors to provide superlative treatment. As interactions with doctors
have become simpler and more effective, it has also increased patient involvement and
satisfaction. In addition, remote patient health monitoring tends to reduce the duration
of hospital stay and avoids re-admissions. IoT also has a huge effect on dramatically
lowering healthcare costs and improving the results of therapy.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

IoT is expanding a big transformation in the healthcare sector, like all other sectors and
everyday life, by redefining the usability of devices and engagement between people in the
delivery of healthcare solutions. Patients, families, doctors, hospitals and even insurance
providers benefit from IoT healthcare applications.
Smart healthcare, having largely learned about smart homes and home automation systems,
refers to the use of mobile and electronic devices for better disease detection, improved patient
management, and improved quality of life.
Let's see how the IoT is improving the medical industry tremendously.

1. For Patients IoT

 Remote control of patients or RTM. This app makes life easier for patients with
chronic diseases and, say, diabetic or hypertensive patients, those who need to see the
doctor very regularly. The patient only needs to bring the RTM system that alerts the
doctor to any health decline in his patient automatically.
 Wearable IoT devices such as exercise bands, cuffs for tracking blood pressure and
heart rate, etc. Not just the everyday routine of the user, but also collect data on steps
taken, calories burned, etc. They can control the adherence of patients to treatment
plans or any need for urgent medical care

2. IoT for clinicians

 The IoT encourages healthcare professionals to be more attentive and proactively

engage with patients. Physicians may benefit from data obtained from RMT or
wearable IoT devices.
 Identify the appropriate care option for patients and deal with any emergencies much
easier and within a safe period.

3. For clinics, IoT

 In addition to helping to handle medical equipment, IoT software built for hospitals
also helps the workers. Sensor-tagged IoT systems are used to track the position of
medical devices such as wheelchairs, defibrillators, nebulizers, oxygen pumps and
other monitoring equipment in real time.
  This programme helps to track the spread of infection among various patients or staff
and also to monitor and update the hospital environment, such as refrigerator
temperature control, humidity and temperature control inside the premises, etc. In order
to prevent any shortage of emergency drug stock, various modules also assist in
equipment and pharmacy inventory management.

4. IoT for health insurance companies

 Utilizing the data captured through health monitoring devices for their underwriting
and claims operations enables the insurance companies to detect fraud claims and
identify prospects for underwriting.
 IoT- captured data-driven decisions between insurers and customers will keep all the
processing visible and transparent to the customers thus building a stronger trust bond.
This transparency and management reduce risks from both sides.
 IoT solutions offers countless benefits if the healthcare sector, right from financials to
safe detection in time, the major ones being.

5. Reduced doctor visit expenses

 RMT and wearable gadgets enable medical employees to monitor patients’ health in
real-time mode. In such a case, the patient will need to visit the doctor in times of
actual need, hence reducing the costs of doctors visits. Connected home care facilities
will also help reduce hospital stays and re-admissions.

6. On time treatment yields better results

 Real time monitoring of patient's health conditions and utilities like cloud computing
and medical devices connectivity allow doctors to analyze the symptoms faster and
give timely treatment.

7. Reduced errors

 IoT automated processes as data segmentation, data receiving, and data-driven

decisions can reduce diagnosis mistakes. Inventory management reduces the shortage
of emergency medicine stock hence enabling prompt patient care. The control process
will become more accurate.
8. Better updating means better disease control

 Being constantly updated with real time population health scenario, alerts the medical
bodies about any upcoming medical possibilities that need attention. So, receiving new
data every day, doctors can detect disease earlier on an individual as well as mass basis
and start treatment faster.

9. Remote Patient care through Telemedicine

 This technology has actually taken over the medical sector all over the globe. Through
this module of IoT, it has become possible to consult specialists sitting miles away
from you. Doctors are able to see their patients any time utilizing health monitoring
system and connected with chat rooms and video calling facilities has made it much
convincing for the patient too.

CONCLUSION

Mega Software’s, is one of India's most professional software solutions company

building custom healthcare software and IoT solutions as per client requirements to
extend a helping hand in overall human health maintenance. IoT is indeed a
revolution in medical industry.

2. Netmeds.com, one of the largest e-pharmacies claims more than 3.7 million customers
in over 610 cities and towns. The market size of e-pharmacies was approximately $512
million (Rs 3,500 crore) in 2018. It is predicted that there will be a compounded annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 63 per cent which will reach $3.6 billion (Rs 25,000 crore) by
2022. Explain how information systems help in managing the supplies of medicines by
online pharmacies and delivering them to customers. (10 Marks)
ANSWER

INTRODUCTION

PHARMACY INFORMATION SYSTEM

India, especially the subways, is becoming increasingly digital. In reality, as most online
portals sell the same goods at a lower rate, more and more people living in metro cities and
other major cities choose to buy anything online, and then offer attractive discounts on the use
of e-wallets, making it a win-win situation for the user. Online transactions are also favoured,
as your money is safely returned to you in case anything goes wrong, cash transactions do not
guarantee any of this protection.
For the hospital environment, a PIS is required and can be used in several ways;
 As a user interface, pharmacists may use PIS to arrange and pick several orders to put
in a profile for a patient.
 A PIS is very protected in the sense that only a certain part of the device can be
accessed by various departments.
 To encourage doctors to consider the cost and use of medications, a data management
plan is very effective in maintaining records for longer periods of time.

CONCEPTS AND APPLICATION

 Benefits of E-Pharmacies:
We would say e-pharmacies give comfort and ease right off the bat. As a customer, you just
have to put your medication order and the rest of it is taken care of by the e-pharmacy, like
doorstep delivery of your order.

1. Pocket Friendly:
For now, India's online pharmacy is a niche and upcoming market, meaning that there are very
few genuine pharmacies and they offer brilliant discounts and cashbacks. A portion of this has
to do with the company's decreased maintenance costs.

They usually save the expense of maintaining infrastructure for offline pharmacies in the cities
they run, regardless of what business model an online pharmacy adopts, making it simpler for
them to deliver lucrative discounts and quality facilities without incurring enormous losses.
 2. Simplicity of accessibility:
Since they are easy to reach and understand, all online companies thrive. E-pharmacies are no
different from each other. As customer service is key, most online pharmacies offer drugs
online through a few easy steps that can be followed by any customer with internet access.
Empowerment is also the other side of accessibility. There are a number of patients or clients
who rely on others for short-term or long-term healthcare. Online pharmacies encourage all
such patients in their treatment to be more self-reliant.

3. Past, Transaction, and Policies: Orders

All e-pharmacies, along with purchases made and modes of payment, keep a clear record of all
medicines sold online. This is all your medical records in one location, your doctor will be able
to monitor your purchase of medication in the future not so far away, meaning it will be easier
for them to foresee risks of chronic disease and prescribe preventive steps from there on.

4. Authentic Pharmaceuticals:
The rights to self-regulation were granted to the Indian Internet Pharmacy Association before
the government announced a new law to deal with online pharmacies. The IIPA
conscientiously agreed to have strict enforcement in effect, the most important of which is
drug authenticity. Online pharmacies, therefore either produce their own medication or
purchase their supplies from reputable and existing stockholders.

5. Conscientiousness:
For an e-pharmacy, an educated customer is of great importance because it would mean that
consumers make an informed decision, are mindful of drug reactions, know their medical
background, and are willing to minimise risks. Not only does such education empower the
clients, it also helps create trust between the online pharmacy and the client. Since pharmacies
enable customers to choose from a variety of branded to generic drugs, it is crucial for
customers to make the right choice for themselves through education

6. Confidentiality:
Customer information is fiercely secured by online portals, ensuring that invasive contact is
not inappropriately disrupted by the customer, which can harm the relationship between the
online portal and the customer. That is however, just one aspect of the privacy offered by
online medical apps, the other being patient confidentiality. There are many diseases that may
cause patients to face a lot of prejudice, online medicines help to neutralise this prejudice,
particularly from the patient's immediate environment, something that cannot be avoided by
the local chemist.
CONCLUSION
Pis has many functions which facilitate the maintenance of drug supply and organisation.
The PIS is used to minimise errors in prescription, improve the protection of patients, report
drug usage, and track costs.
For inpatient and outpatient management, a PIS has several functions; it helps the pharmacist
to classify the order of the doctor; validate the drug-based prescription for drug reactions and
timing of medications; and then dispense the drug for administration. This method helps to
assess what works and any possible adjustments.

3. Digital India is working to transform the rural economy and create skilled jobs. It has
touched upon all aspects of our lives, from work, travel and communication to
healthcare, education and shopping. The push for e-governance and Digital India comes
from the telecom sector, increasing internet penetration and proliferating mobile devices. As
citizens become more tech-savvy, their aspirations are expected to surge in terms of quality
of services and the way cities are governed. A shift towards citizen- oriented governance is
imminent. E-governance is changing the relationship between citizens and authorities.
Every citizen will be able to monitor activities of government, be aware of their plans to
work directly and interact with them without queues and unnecessary bureaucracy. E-
governance is the automation of work with documents, statements of citizens, certificates,
licenses, and formal acts that legalise certain activities of citizens. The average citizen is
now familiar with digital payments, e- governance, digitization of land records, etc. People
are hoping for better utilization of taxpayers' money. E-governance, or the use of ICT to
deliver government services, nurtures a transparent, productive and efficient form of
governance. E-government can also reduce corruption. If diligently designed and
implemented, it can improve efficiency in delivery of government services, simplify
regulations, strengthen citizen participation, and lead to cost-savings for citizens,
businesses and the government itself.
 The benefits of all this will be transparency of public authorities and local
governments, savings in time and material resources, and improvement in the quality
of administrative services. While barriers to efficient e-governance are many, social
media, mobility, analytics and cloud technologies can make all the difference. Notably,
since we live in a connected economy, the benefits of e-governance will not remain
restricted to the 100 Smart Cities, but will percolate to other urban areas and even rural
India.

That said, it's also time to take into cognizance threats such as data security. Data is the
new oil and organizations are looking to exploit the information they hold. The importance
of addressing cyber-security at the highest levels of corporate leadership cannot be
understated. Cyber-security is integral with national security. Here, IT companies have a
major role to play. They must set up a compliance framework that not only protects
consumer data, but also deletes it when the work is done. It's important for them to
rework their technologies and record-keeping systems. All sectors have to train and
retrain their IT teams. It's also time the government brings in a new arsenal of talented
individuals who are adept at innovating.
(Source:https://ezproxy.svkm.ac.in:2099/docview/2163976984/556EB64474D5424EP
Q/1?accountid=32277)

a. Explain the different e-governance models? What are the advantages of e - governance?

ANSWER

INTRODUCTION
ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE

Electronic governance or e-governance implies government functioning with the application of

ICT (Information and Communications Technology). Hence e-Governance is basically a move
towards SMART governance implying: simple, moral, accountable, responsive and transparent
governance.
According to the World Bank, e-Governance is described as "e-Governance refers to the use of
information technology by government agencies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet
and mobile computing) that are capable of transforming relationships with citizens, businesses
and other branches of government." These innovations can serve a number of different
purposes: improved delivery to people of government services, enhanced connections with
business and industry, empowerment of citizens through access to information, or more
effective management of government.

The resulting advantages can be less corruption, greater accountability, greater convenience,
revenue development and/or cost savings. However there is no clear definition of the concept
of e-Governance; since it is characterised by activity purpose rather than technology, it
therefore requires a broad definition and broader understanding for a government to effectively
enforce it.

CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

 Benefits of E-government:
E-government lowers costs and reduces the obstacle of enabling enterprises to engage with the
government. The partnership between the government and companies decreases the time taken
for companies to perform a transaction. For example, there is no need to commute to the office
of a government department, and transactions can be carried out instantly electronically with a
mouse click. This greatly decreases the transaction time for both the government and
corporations.
E-Government offers a higher amount of data required by the organisation, and it also makes
that information simpler. The ability to plan and predict a data-driven future is a key factor in
business performance. A lot of economic, demographic and other trends in the data were
collected by the government. This makes the data more available to enterprises, which will
increase the likelihood of economic growth.
 DIGITAL GOVERNANCE MODELS

BROADCASTIN COMAPARATIVE
CRITICAL FLOW
G ANALYSIS

INTERACTIVE
E- ADVOCACY
SERVICE

b. What are certain challenges to e-government security? How can they be avoided?

ANSWER:

INTRODUCTION

CHALLENGES IN E-GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM

1. Environmental and Social Challenges

 Low Literacy: Literacy can be defined as the ability to read & write with
understanding in any language. A person who can merely read but cannot write can‘t
be considered as literate. Similarly, formal education or minimum educational standard
is not necessary to be considered literate. Low Literacy level of India is a huge obstacle
in implementation of e-Governance projects. Illiterate people are unable to access the
e-governance services; hence the projects do not get much
 Service unavailability: Even though the Internet is open, there are performance-
related problems that lead to non-use of e-Governance, either related to application or
Internet connectivity.
 Diversity in India: People in India speak numerous languages from different
backgrounds. When using computerised services, people face language issues. Most of
the apps and websites are either in Hindi or English.
2. Economic Challenges:

 Price: Cost is one of the most significant barriers to e-Governance adoption in

developing countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty
line. Implementation, organisational and evolutionary maintenance activities
require a large amount of capital. Hardware & network installation and
maintenance costs are very high. Such costs must be sufficiently low to guarantee a
good cost/benefit.
 Cost of use: Internet services can not be afforded by all residents at their door
steps, so government can encourage free access to the information through any
government outlets/business centres.
 Electronic Computer Maintenance: When information technology evolves very
rapidly, it is incredibly hard for us to quickly upgrade our current systems.
Regulations of various devices and their different parameters may vary, and the
system in use must be adequately capable of handling all emerging devices.

3. Technological Challenges:

 Inter-operability: Inter-operability is the capability of systems and

organizations of different qualities to work together. The e-Governance
applications must have this feature so that the newly developed and existing
applications can be implemented
 Lack of Resources: Dedicated Hardware & Network engineers are required for
solving operational problems in many

SOLUTIONS IN E-GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM

Failure is daunting and has significant implications that outweigh the likelihood of not doing a
project. In all facets of social, political and day-to-day activities, e-government initiatives are
important public projects that touch on the lives of people. For society, government and
people, e-government has several advantages. In the execution of the project and in achieving
its goals, it is necessary to guarantee its progress. This paper therefore examines the idea of e-
government and describes its advantages, models, challenges and the factors that impact its
progress. A typology (framework) that classifies e-government success factors into three key
categories is proposed in the paper: infrastructure, human and governmental factors. Finally, at
the end, conclusions and future studies are portrayed

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