Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used in industry, agriculture, power
generation plants, petroleum and many other industries.
 A centrifugal pump works on the principle that when a certain mass of fluid is rotated by an
external source, it is thrown away from the central axis of rotation and a centrifugal head is
impressed which enables it to rise to a higher level.

COMPONENT PARTS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

 Refer to Fig. A centrifugal pump consists of the following main components:
 1. Impeller 2. Casing 3. Suction pipe 4. Delivery pipe

HEAD OF A PUMP
 The head of a centrifugal pump may be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Static head;
(ii) Manometric head;
(iii) Total, gross or effective head.
(i) Static head.
 The sum of suction head and delivery head is known as static head.
 This is represented by Hstat and is written as:
Hstat = hs + hd ...(3.4)
where,
hs = Suction head
 (it is the vertical height of the center line of the pump shaft above the liquid surface in
the sump from which the liquid is being raised), and
hd = Delivery head
(it is vertical height of the liquid surface in the tank / reservoir to which the liquid is
delivered above the center line of the pump shaft).
 The terms hs and hd are known as static suction lift and static delivery lift respectively.

(ii) Manometric head.

 The head against which a centrifugal pump has to work is known as the manometric
head. It is the head measured across the pump inlet and outlet flanges. It is denoted
 by Hmano and is given by the following expressions:
 (i) Hmano = Head imparted by the impeller to liquid – loss of head in the pump
Menometric Head
Hm = hs+ hd+hfs+hfd+ V2/2g

hs = Suction head
hd = Delivery head
hfs = Friction head loss in suction Pipe
hfd = Friction head loss in Delivery Pipe
V = Velocity of water in delivery pipe

(iii) Total, gross or effective head.

 It is equal to the static head plus all the head losses occurring in flow before, through
and after the impeller.