3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION

(ICICC-2020)

Internet of Things (IOT): Implications in Society

Neeraj Kaushik a,*, Dr. Teena Bagga b
a
Research scholar, Amity Business School, Amity University, Noida -201313, India
b
Professor, Amity Business School, Amity University, Noida -201313, India

Abstract:
Real-time information through the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices to give advantage in many walks of life. It gives opportunities to estimate &
illustrate the social implications of IoT in human life. The proliferation of smart devices across the globe along with communication, sensors, actuators &
prodigious information gives birth to the Internet of Things (IoT). Real-time data emanate information, which creates a knowledge database and finally
aggrandizes the wisdom in the society. Adding technology to things creates smart homes, smart transport, smart way to monitor health, security & safety.
Smart things or devices leads to ameliorate the quality of life in society.
Keywords: Internet of Things; IoT; Smart home, Smart transport; Smart health; Security & safety; Big Data.

1. Introduction

The title Internet of Things (IoT) was first conceived by Kevin Ashton in
1999 (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic, & Palaniswami, 2013). But in the recent
year, annotation of IoT has become more comprehensive in terms of
agriculture, health, transport, security & safety, smart homes etc. Over a
period of time objects or things are connected to Internet as compared to
human being (Panetta, 2018).

1.1 Trend of connected devices across globe

Internet of Things (IoT) was came into existence in 2009. Connected

devices on internet has increased compare to no of people. Till 2020 number
of expected connected devices will be more than 50 billion compare to
population of 7.6 billion. As an average each person will be having 6.58
devices (Evans, 2011).

Table 1- Population vs Devices growth

Year 2003 2010 2015 2020
World Population 6.3 Billion 6.8 Billion 7.2 Billion 7.6 Billion Fig. 1 - Hype Curve for Emerging Tehnologies,2018 (Panetta, 2018).
Connected Devices 500 12.5 25 Billion 50 Billion
Million Billion
2. Literature Review
Devices per person 0.08 1.84 3.47 6.58

Smart or intelligent transportation is developed by either transport

1.2 IOT Platform Evolution
Emerging technologies like are redefining, how companies see and use IOT
platform. While technologies continue to evolve towards connectivity and
ecosystem enabling platform, business must understand and redefine
strategies to exploit these opportunities. IoT technology are facilitating
highly obstreperous models & encouraging organization to innovate in
digital arena. As per Gartner report on Hype cycle for emerging
technologies, IoT platform is one of emerging platform and will be into
existence for 5 to 10 years of time.
department in government or transportation authorities. Proactive traffic
information, on line traffic control, promoting electric vehicles etc are the
some of the examples of smart (Patil, Sutar, Waghmare, & Panmand, 2016).
IoT provide smart solutions for screening passengers & their bags, online
fare collection through smart toll systems. Transportation for people &
goods are more efficient by using smart transportation. Automated
managing & tracking of luggage at airport will reduce manual operation of
airlines and will enhance security (Communications, Bandyopadhyay, &
Sen, 2011). Smart transportation system can be deployed by using smart
phones, RFID, sensors & bus navigation systems. Application connected to
IoT systems will produce smart transportation system (Murad, 2018). Smart
home application exists since decade, however there are still constraint for

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Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3563104

 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION
(ICICC-2020)
adoption of technology due to impractical ideas, lack of industry standards Table 2- Implications cited by Authors
and cost (Patil et al., 2016). Home domain can be formed by connecting Implications Authors
home appliances, smart meters, security system, healthcare system &
Smart Transport (Patil et al., 2016)(Murad,
community entertainments with home gateway. It empowers a variety of 2018)(Communications et al., 2011)(Joshi,
services like monitoring health proactively and keep eye on neighborhood Bhagat, Desai, Patel, & Parmar, 2017)
activities for safety & security (X. Li et al., 2011). Home gateway (Arduino
Smart Homes (Patil et al., 2016)(X. Li et al.,
Ethernet server, router, firewall) establish connectivity between Android 2011)(Piyare, 2013)(Ju, Kim, & Ahn,
smart phone & home appliances to control the devices like power plug, light 2016)(PradeepKumar & Quaiser, 2015)(Ni,
switches, temperature & current sensor (Piyare, 2013). Trust, security & Belén, Hernando, Pau, & Cruz,
privacy are vital issues in real-world. Security can be deployed either at 2015)(Gubbi et al., 2013)
physical level or logical level (Patil et al., 2016). For safety & security in Real Time Information (Patil et al., 2016)(Fagerstrøm et al.,
society, city, apartments, public places, IoT enabled sensors are used, which 2017)(Falkenreck & Wagner, 2017)(Gubbi
internally process the information and share to relevant centers like control et al., 2013)
centers, police stations, fire brigade stations, surveillance control centers Security & Privacy (Patil et al., 2016)(S. Li & Tryfonas,
(City, 2017). Privacy & security are vital challenges while implementing 2016)(Kumar, Singh, Gupta, & Madaan,
IoT enabled solutions. Implementation of robust security system is 2018)(Shitole, Raju, & Bhatnagar, 2016)

important to safeguard security & privacy in various areas like businesses,
transport & personal life along with adherence of data privacy law (S. Li &
Tryfonas, 2016). Real time data helps in either serving the customer or for
individuals to monitoring & control IoT enabled devices. The case study on
Omani banks by the author demonstrate that IoT along with Big Data
analytics helps in to address current issues as well as in forecasting. Patrons
can be provided with better services (Authors, 2017). IoT provides chance
to retail stores to mature their system so that mobile phones, store shelves,
shopping basket and products will become smart and provide data for
further analysis. It will also increase on-line interaction with end customers,
which in turn helps in future planning (Fagerstrøm, Eriksson, & Sigurðsson,
2017). IoT solutions provide proactive monitoring medical parameters of
individuals and taking preventive actions to control any disease before it
become chronic in nature also IoT enabled solutions ensures timely delivery
of drugs (Communications et al., 2011). Real time benefit of disruptive
technologies like artificial intelligence, IoT comes after amalgamation with
big data to manage plethora of complex data (Vishnoi, Bagga, Sharma, &
Wani, 2018). Smart technologies long with computation will lead to
efficacious business operations. However, to achieve that, there are
constraints like high investment, resistance in change, lack of effective
model (Vishnoi, Tripathi, & Bagga, 2019).
3. Implications of IoT
IoT has implications in day today life of human being. Every human being
uses transport to commute from one place to another place, cautious about
his or family health issues, concerns about safety & security at home, trying
to monitor & control the things remotely for comfort & security reasons.
Enabling IoT in transport, health, home automation, safety & security
makes them smart in nature. Therefore, human being knowingly or
unknowingly will be using either IoT enabled products of services. It will
enormously increase the quality of life of individuals, save time & money,
proactive monitoring & controlling based on information generated from
IoT enabled products & services.
Smart Health (Communications et al., 2011)(Thibaud,
Chi, Zhou, & Piramuthu, 2018)(Burange &
Misalkar, 2015)(Ni et al., 2015)(Babu,
Srikanth, Ramanjaneyulu, & Narayana,
2016)
3.1 Smart Homes
People are making their home smart by automating the home security &
controlling & monitoring of home appliance by using IoT.
a) Home Security & monitoring: IoT will help in enabling the
window/door control, detecting gas/smoke at early stage by
using sensors. This helps in looking after elderly & children.
b) Appliance Control & monitoring: By using sensors, Wi-Fi &
smart phones home appliance like air conditioner & washing
machines, lighting etc can be controlled & monitor remotely.
3.2 Smart Transport
For better safety & accuracy in navigation, IoT components like smart
phones, sensors, actuators etc can be deployed in transport vehicles like
cars, buses, trains.
a) Proactive road planning: Government can plan better by using
real time and accurate information received from IoT platforms.
Climate changes information can be provided by using smart
roads.
b) Fare collection & toll system: IoT enabled solutions provide
automatic fare collection at tolls. Fastag is designed as smart toll
collection system in India. RFID (radio frequency
identification) technology is used to collect the payment. By
implementing the Fastag, it reduces the time taking to collect
the fare, reduce the wastage of fuel consumption & reduce
traffic jam from high to average. Online recharge facility also
saves time & fuel wastage.
3.3 Smart Security & Safety
Security & safety of every individuals should be utmost priority. Therefore,
to enable smart security & safety mechanism, IoT enabled devices, sensors,
actuators are being used to send the alerts to respective centers.

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 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION
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a) Information to Control centers: RFID cards are being used to c) Timely supply of Drugs: IoT solutions will significantly reduce
monitor the information of any individual residing in the city or time to reach the drugs at customer’s premises by using IoT
apartment or companies etc. Devices automatically stores the components. Helps in monitoring timely supply of drugs.
information into central database. Centralized database helps d) Medical Actions based on Information: Temperature of drugs can
government or society authorities or companies to plan or improve be monitored using temperature sensors and drugs can be
services. discarded if temperature exceed its threshold level. Smart labels
b) Information to Police control centers: Police can monitor and take can benefit patients by knowing information about dosages,
actions based on the information received through IOT enabled expiry date etc.
devices. Sensors like ESP-8266 can be connected to Arduino
server for processing information (Location, Name, contact
number) and share with police control centers 4. Implications Matrix
c) Information to Fire control centers: Heat & Fire control sensors
detect the fire & smoke, sends information to server. Which IoT enabled solutions provide smart transport, smart homes, smart health
further process the information and share with fire control center. monitoring, real time information to address security & safety concerns.
d) Emergency information to Health centers: IoT enabled emergency Each IoT applications has its own implications in society, which will have
switch can be deployed in apartments or homes, where individuals larger impact on day to day life. Day today problems in society, can be
or elderly people are living alone to send the information to nearby addressed to a large extend by implementing IoT technology and ameliorate
Health centers or hospitals for immediate support. quality of life.
e) Surveillance: Smart cameras are connected to Wi-Fi to share
apartment or home video footage online to the owner. Therefore,
owner can surveillance, as and when required. Table 3 – Applications vs Implications.
Applica Implicatio
3.4 Real Time Information tions ns
IoT enabled devices sends real time data to centralized server, which can
Smart Better Proactive Fare
be used for “nowcasting” or “forecasting”. It will help in time management.
Transport Navigation Road collection
a) Anywhere, Anytime Access to Information: Since IOT enabled & Safety Planning & toll
devices sends real time data over the internet, therefore system
information can be extracted & used from anywhere and anytime.
Smart Home Appliance
Resulting into saving of time. Homes Security & Control &
b) Real Time interaction with Customer: Purchasing using smart Monitoring Monitorin
phones, increase real time interaction between customer & g
entrepreneur. Customer’s choices on product & feedback Realtime Anywhere, Real Time Better
mechanism give fare idea on demand management. Therefore, Informati Anytime interaction Service to
accordingly supply can be managed. on Access to with Customer
c) Better Service to Customer: Real time information, will help Information Customer
entrepreneur or business man to analysis, plan and provide better Security Information Informatio Informatio Emerge Surveill
services to the customer. Customer behavior can be easily Privacy to Control n to Police n to Fire ncy ance
predicted centers control control informat
centers centers ion to
Health
3.5 Smart Health
centers
IoT has helped in monitoring the health proactively and taking actions
Smart Preventi Independent Timely Medical
based on information.
Health ve living supply of Actions
a) Preventive Monitoring: Wireless sensors can be deployed to save
Monitor Drugs based on
patient’s life in critical diseases like heart malfunctioning, cancer, ing Informati
diabetes, stroke, Alzheimer etc. on
b) Independent living: IoT solutions will help in proactive
monitoring of disease by using wearables, sensors etc. Smart
applications connected to IoT components will trigger the alerts 5. Conclusion
and notifications in case of any variations.
IoT enabled solutions prompt user to proactively monitor health, facilitate
independent living being by sending alerts or notifications. Rule based

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 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION
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information to control centers, police stations, fire stations & health care https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010
centers can be sent. Remotely monitoring elderly or children for safety &
security. Real time information helps better plan & services to end Joshi, B., Bhagat, K., Desai, H., Patel, M., & Parmar, J. K. (2017). A
customer. IoT enables users to access information from anyway & anytime. Comparative Study of Toll Collection Systems in India, 13(11), 68–71.
Home appliances can be remotely controlled & monitor. Smart solutions
like Fastag helps in saving time, reduces wastage of fuel & avoid traffic Ju, J., Kim, M., & Ahn, J. (2016). Prototyping Business Models for IoT
jams. Therefore, IoT implementations ameliorate quality of life in the Service. Procedia - Procedia Computer Science, 91(Itqm), 882–890.
society. This paper has established the findings based on the literature https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.106
review, which has further contributed in forming the implication matrix. In
future research, IoT implications can be established by doing empirical
Kumar, H., Singh, M. K., Gupta, M. P., & Madaan, J. (2018). Technological
analysis.
Forecasting & Social Change Moving towards smart cities : Solutions
that lead to the Smart City Transformation Framework. Technological
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