[ TENTATIVE TITLE ]

I. Context and Rationale

//………[positive in theme]...............................................................................................
….……...[Start with the (strong) foundation supporting the study e.g. memo, legal bases (i.e. Republic
Act, Circular, etc), principles of learning, results of empirical studies, advocacy, educational philosophy,
rights and beliefs]………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

// * optional ………[positive in theme].............................................................................

………….. [This is a continuation of the discussion above. It can be a support of the preceding paragraph
(i.e. research outputs / literature review) orstart of some argument.]……………………………………………….…

//………[transitioning into negative]………………………………………………………………………….…..

…………. [Introduce the researchable area, gap, conflict, and then eventually towards the specific line of
argument where your study can be discussed.] ……………………………………………………………………………………..

// * optional ……… [negative in theme]............................................................................

………….. [This is to further discuss/elaborate the arising of the problem. Usually, it is a summary of the
literature review. Point out the specific area where the study is focused on.] .………………………………………

//……… [transitioning into positive] ……………………………………………………………………..………...

…………. [Clarify the solution to the identified gap, conflict, and problem. Introduce the proposed course
of action or innovation/intervention, and discuss its considerations for which the study is
conceptualized.This part is where the rationale of the study is realized.] ……………………………………………..

// * optional ……… [positive in theme].............................................................................

………….. [Support the conduct of the study by providing the summary of the previous researches. The
alignment with or departure from existing researches on the topic should be discussed. Put emphasis on
the contextualization of the adopted intervention.]…………………………………………………….……

//……… [with all positive] ………………………………………………………………………………………...........

…………. [Briefly summarize the study. Clarify the direction of the study. Discuss where it will be heading,
who will benefit its result, and how it will contribute to positive change. This part is where the
significanceof the study is directly emphasized.] ………………………………………………….....................................

Note
 The presentation of the Introduction varies across style, but this format is effective for action
research. It could be improved but one should follow a thematic approach in technical writing.
 It is recommended that a writer should construct a framework/guide (usually using an inverted
triangle) prior to the writing of the Introduction.
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Figure 1. The inverted triangle as guide in writing the Research Introduction

II. Action Research Questions

//…………… [General Problem / Objective of the Study]………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

//…………… [Specific Problems] …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….

Sample
This study aims to _______________ (e.g. determine, develop, investigate) the
(proposed course of action/ innovation/ intervention)
in/to (address the problem) among (target participants) for the (SY) .

Specifically, it will answer the following problems:

1. (*** if needed)
What is the profile of the (participants) in terms of:
a. variable 1;
b. variable 2; and
c. variable 3.

2. What is the performance of … ?

To what extent …?
What are the levels of … ?
a. pretest
b. posttest

3. What are the differences among … ?

Is there a significant difference between … ?

4. Other questions that would involve hermeneutic approach/ other qualitative aspect
e.g. What are the experiences of … ?