ASSIGNMENT 02

FLIGHT DYNAMICS AND STABILITY

NAME JAVERIA NASEEM

REG NO: 200101045
DATED 31ST OCTOBER, 2022

AERO-19B

SUBMITTED TO DR. JAMSHED RIAZ

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS

Question 01
A flying wing weighing 20,000 N has a NACA 653‐418 airfoil section, an area
of 30 m^2, and an aspect ratio of 5.0. Determine the angle of attack for a sea‐
level flight at 60 m/s. What is the lift‐to drag ratio? Assume that the nominal
airfoil lift curve slope a0 = 0.106/deg., the airfoil zero-lift angle of attack
αL=0 = -2.5 ̊, the profile drag CD0 = 0.0043 and e = 0.92.
Answer:
Given:
L= W =20000N for steady level flight
S = 30𝑚2
AR = 5
v =50 𝑚𝑠 −1
𝑎° = 0.106/deg = 6.07/rad; where 57.3 rad=1 deg
𝐶𝑑0 = 0.0043

𝑘𝑔
e = 0.92, 𝜌 = 1.225
𝑚3

To find:
∝=?
L/D =?
Solution:
𝐶𝑙
We know ∝ =
𝐶𝑙∝ w

𝐶𝐿∝
𝐶𝐿∝ w = 𝐶𝐿∝ / 1+
𝜋𝜀𝐴𝑅

where 𝐶𝐿∝ = 𝑎°
6.07
= 6.07/ 1+ = 4.2745/rad = 0.0746/deg
𝜋∗0.92∗5
𝐶𝐿= 𝐿 = 20000 = 0.3023
1 1
∗𝜌∗𝑆∗𝑉^2 ∗1.225∗30∗60^2
2 2

𝐶𝑙
∝=
𝐶𝑙∝ w
0.3023
∝= = 4.1 °
0.0746

𝐶𝐷= 𝐶𝑑0+ 𝐶𝐷𝑖

= 𝐶𝑑0+ 𝐶𝐿 ^2/ 𝜋𝑒𝐴𝑅

= 0.0043 + (0.3023)^2/ 𝜋 ∗ 0.92 ∗ 5 = 0.01062

1 1
D = ∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝑆 ∗ 𝑉 2 ∗ 𝐶𝐷 = ∗ 1.225 ∗ 30 ∗ 602 ∗ 0.01062 = 702.51N
2 2

L/D = 20000N/702.5N = 28.46

Question 02
For a certain airfoil section, the pitching‐moment coefficient at 0.33-chord

behind the leading edge varies with CL as shown in the following table
Determine the locations of the aerodynamic center and the center of pressure
for CL = 0.5.
Answer:

Matlab code:
%Cm vs Cl Graph
Cm = [-0.02 0 0.02 0.04];
Cl = [0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8];
plot(Cl,Cm,'linewidth',2)
xlabel('Lift Coefficient')
ylabel('Moment Coefficient')
title('Cm vs Cl Graph')
For 𝐶𝐿 = 0.5

0.02−0 𝐶𝑚−(−0.02)
=
0.60−0.40 0.5−0.2

𝐶𝑚=0.01

For 𝐶𝐿 = 0

0.02 − 0 𝐶𝑚−(−0.02)
=
0.60 − 0.40 0 − 0.2

𝐶𝑚=−0.04
Calculation for Aerodynamic Centre
M = 𝑀𝑎𝑐
𝑀 = 𝑀𝑎𝑐 + 𝐿(0.33𝑐 − 𝑥𝑎𝑐)

𝐶𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑐 + 𝐶𝑙( 0.33𝑐 − 𝑥𝑎𝑐 /𝑐 )

𝐶𝑚= 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑐+ 𝐶𝑙 (0.33−𝑥𝑎𝑐)

𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑐= − 0.04 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝐿 = 0

𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑚=0.01 for 𝐶𝐿 = 0.5

0.01= -0.04 +0.5(0.33-xac)

𝒙𝒂𝒄= 0.23

Aerodynamic center will be at 23% of chord length.

Calculation for Center of Pressure

𝑥𝑐𝑝=𝑥𝑎𝑐 𝐶
=
− 𝑚0
𝐶𝑙

𝑥𝑐𝑝=0.23 (−0.04)
−
0.5

xcp= 0.31

Hence the location of center of pressure will be at 31% or 0.31c or chord

length.
Question 03
For an Aircraft Wing with A Leading-Edge Sweep of 45deg, root chord of 5m,
tip chord of 2m, and semi span of 10m, determine the aspect ratio, mean
aerodynamic chord and span wise location of mean aerodynamic chord
Answer
Given:
Sweep angle = 45degrees
𝑐𝑟 = 5m
𝑐𝑡 = 2m
b = 2*10 = 20m
2
𝜆= = 0.4
5
Solution:

Calculation for Aspect Ratio

2𝑏 2∗20
AR = = 5(1+0.4) = 5.71
𝑐𝑟 (1+𝜆)
Calculation for Mean Aerodynamic Chord
1+𝜆+𝜆^2
c =23 𝑐𝑟 ( )
1+𝜆
1+0.4+0.4^2
2
= 5( ) = 3.7142 m
3 1+0.4
Calculation for Span wise Location of Mac

𝑦 𝑏
𝑚𝑎𝑥= (1+2𝜆/1+𝜆)
6

𝑦 20
𝑚𝑎𝑥= (1+2∗0.4/1+0.4)
6
ymax=4.285

********