Project On

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY, MORANG

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

Owner: - Mrs. Tanka Bahadur Budhathoki

Address:- Sundarharaincha Municipality-10

Submitted By Submitted To
RIBE CONSULTANCY SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY
Er. Sabin Budhathoki (N.E.C. No:- 14496 Civil “A” )
Sundarharaincha Municipality-12, Morang, Nepal
Phone No. 9846287626 / 9801557587
Email: ajconsult65@gmail.com,

Chaitra 20,2078
 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…1
2) Building Design parameters……………………………………………………….....2
2.1) Building Design parameters………………………………………………….….3
2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade……………………………………………………......3
2.3) Soil Properties………………………………………………………………..….3
2.4) Other Design Parameters………………………………………………….....….3
2.5) Notes………………………………………………………………………….....3
3) Loads on Structures……………………………………………………….........……5
3.1) Dead Load ……………………………………………………….......................5
3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads ………………………………………….....…....6
3.3) Seismic Load …...................................................................................................6
PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN…….…………….…….….……7
4) Modeling……………………………………………………………………..………8
5) Analysis……………………………………………………………..………………10
5.1) Load Cases……………………………………………………..………………10
5.2) Load Combinations…...…………………………………………..……………10
6) Design…………………………………………………………………..…………...11
7) Detailing of the Structural Elements……………………………………..………….11
PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULTS...…....12
8) Sample Analysis Results…………………………………………………………....12
9) Sample Designs………………………………………………………………..……12
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams…………………………………….….13
9.2) Sample Design of Slab…………………………………………………….…...16
9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing …...…………………………………..…...19
10) Design Summary…………………………………………………………................24
10.1) Column Design Summary………………………………………………..…...24
10.2) Beam Design Summary………………………………………………..……...24
10.3) Slab Design Summary ……………………………………..............................24
10.4) Footing Design Summary………………………………………………...…...24

PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES ….....................................25

11) Annexes………………………………………………………………………..…....25
12) Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..……31
13) References……………………………………………………………………..……32
PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction
The basic aim of structural design calculation is to build a structure, which is safe fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be structurally
sound if each and every individual elements of the building satisfy the criteria of strength, stability,
and serviceability besides the requirement of ductility and energy absorption capability in seismic
prone areas. To make a building structurally sound, it is very important that the structural designer is
consulted before its construction. The structural engineer, then works out the structural schemes and
also gives the sizes of the structural members like beam, column,slab, etc. A building needs to be
designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural designs are carried out and working drawings
are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the structural design. Serviceability and
economy are other basic requirements that need to be considered during structural designing. The
building should be designed not only for vertical loads but also for horizontal loads such as wind and
earthquake loads. The structural designer has to take care of the safety of the building against the
loads mentioned above. He is concernedin designing both superstructure and the substructure of the
building. A building must be strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground.
It should be able to withstand all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically active region in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic plates — theIndia
plates and the Tibetan plates, along which a relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year hasbeen
estimated. The Indian plate is also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per year. Thus,
Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. The existence of the Himalayan range with the world's
highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift. Past records of the earthquake shows 19 major
earthquakes have hit Nepal till now. The 1833 and 1934 earthquakes were the most destructive ones.
Recently, we had faced the earthquake of magnitude 7.9 and were also the destructive one which took
the lives of many people and destruction of various infrastructures as well. So, designing of building
against earthquake forces apart from other forces is a must in case of Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It would
be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it proof against earthquake. Hence, the
buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. According to this philosophy, no matter
how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won't collapse although it may be irreparably
damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the
acting loads including the earthquake making it seismic resistant.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It would
be far cheaper to rebuild the building again, instead of making it proof against earthquake. Hence, the
buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. The mainphilosophy of seismic design
is, therefore, to obtain a "no collapse" structure rather than "no damage" structure. According to this
philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won't collapse although it may
be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building has been designed to
withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it seismic resistant.
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 The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event
of a major earthquake, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.
In order achieve the inelastic behavior; structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating
energy through inelastic actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures.
Brittle modes of failures include shear and bond failure. Thus the structures are designed based
on the "Weak beam – Strong Column" philosophy. This can be achieved by detailing the
members as specified in IS 13920:1993 – Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Subjected to Seismic Forces.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important
is its construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to
execute the construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the
drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large
percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past
experiences from damages have shown that quality of material and workmanship plays an
important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence, quality assurance in
construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of the Residential
Building as per IS Code. The Analysis and design has been done using a renowned FEM
Application ETABS 2018. The detailed method of analysis and design has been described in
subsequent chapters. The design philosophy followed is the Limit State Design as per IS
456:2000. The detailing for the seismic considerations has been done following the Indian
Standard Code.

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 2) Building Design Parameters

The parameters followed for the structural analysis and design is as follows. The parameters
regarding the main structural materials like concrete and the reinforcement are as follows.

2.1) Architectural and Functional Requirements

Types of building Residential Building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame
Number of stories Two + Staircase Cover
Design provision of future extension No
Story Height 3.175 m
Height of parapet wall 1m
Total height of the Building 9.398 m
External wall/ some internal wall 254 mm
Few internal wall 127 mm
Plaster thickness 12.5 mm

2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade

Cement Ordinary Portland Cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000  fck
Poisson’s Ratio 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar

2.3) Soil Properties

The detailed soil investigation report is not available. So the ground condition of the site is
assumed to be poor with the deposited material at the top and clay of low plasticity at the
bottom.
Allowable Bearing Capacity of the Soil is taken as 150 KN/m2 assuming medium type of soil.

2.4) Other Design Parameters

The other design parameter as loadings, seismic parameters are described in subsequent
chapters. The overall system consists of moment resisting ductile RCC frames and RCC slabs
and RCC shear walls.
The details of the model are as follows.
i. Floor Slabs represented by 127 mm thin shell elements.
ii. Columns are represented by frame elements of 305 mm x 305 mm.
iii. Beams are represented by 254 mm x 381 mm

2.5) Notes

A. GENERAL
1. Read structural drawing in conjunction with architectural drawing. Report any discrepancies
to the site engineer prior to fabrication or construction. Any conflict between specific action &
drawing shall be likewise reported.
2. Contractors shall be responsible for checking field dimension & site conditions.

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 3. Unless otherwise indicated all construction joints shall be roughened joints 5mm (amplitude
minimum 5mm.)
4. No measurement shall be directly taken from the print; written dimension shall be followed.

0B. FOUNDATION
1. Foundation shall be on undisturbed soil.
2. Soil bearing capacities shall be verified in the field notified engineer immediately of any soft
pockets or other adverse soil conditions encountered.
3. The line of slope between adjacent excavations for footing or along stepped footing shall not
exceed a rise 1 in a run of 2.
4. Placing of foundation concrete shall be done as soon as excavations have been completed &
approved by the site Engineer.

C. CONCRETE & REINFORCING STEEL

1. Cast-in-situ concrete shall have a minimum 28 days compressive cube strength of 20 N/mm2
for column and 20 N/mm2 for other structural member.
2. Reinforcing steel shall be new TMT steel bars having a minimum yield strength of 500 N/mm2
for column, 500 N/mm2 for other structure & conforming to be 1786:1979 or is 1139:1963.
3. Minimum reinforcing laps shall be in accordance with is 1786:1979 & as specified on
structural drawing.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with is 456:1978 & as specified on Structural
drawing.
5. Clear cover of concrete:-
Slab 20 mm
Staircase 20 mm
Beam 25 mm
Column 40 mm
Footing 50 mm
RCC wall 20 mm
6. Plumbing, slots, holes, around pipes ducts or other items which pass through Concrete slab or
wall shall be filled & patched to the same depths as the slab or wall.
7. Unless otherwise indicated all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be Roughened
joints with 5 mm minimum amplitude.
8. The cement used shall be ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976.
9. Bar bending schedule shall be submitted for approval before casting concrete.
10. Development Length for TMT Steel Bar for M20

DIA TENSION (Ex. Beam) COMPRESSION (Ex. Column)

8 453 mm 363 mm
10 566 mm 453 mm
12 680 mm 544 mm
16 906 mm 725 mm
20 1020 mm 906 mm
25 1416 mm 1133 mm

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3) Loads on Structures
The following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Seismic Load

3.1) Dead Load

Dead Load on the structure comprises the self-weight of the structural members (like beam, columns,
slab and staircase), weight of the floor finishes, weight of external and partition walls, weight of
parapet wall, weight of water tank and weight of others that significantly effects the behavior of
structural members.

ETABS 2018 considers self-weight of assigned members so no need to calculate load from self-
weight of beam, slab and columns. But the self-weight of staircase calculated manually and will be
assigned on the corresponding members.

The weight of building materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987.

From IS 875(Part 1) – 1987
Unit wt. of RCC = 25 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Cement mortar = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of cement plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Brick masonry = 19 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Marble = 26.7 KN/m3
DL from two-inch cement mortar = 0.05*20.4 = 1.02 KN/m3
DL of tile flooring = 0.23 KN/m3
Total finishing load on tile floor = 1.23 KN/m3  1.5 KN/m3

Assuming Exterior Wall thickness of 254 mm (10”) without opening.

Load = 0.254 * (3.2-0.4)*19 = 13.51 KN/m
Considering half inch plaster on internal side of wall = 20.4*2.8*0.0125
= 0.71 KN/m
Total Wall Load =14.22 KN/m  14.3 KN/m

While deducting 30 % for openings

Load = 14.3 * 0.7 = 10.01 KN/m  10 KN/m

ii) Partition wall of thickness of 127 mm (5”) without opening.

Load = 7.25 KN/m
While deducting 30 % for openings
Load = 7.25 * 0.7 = 5.075 KN/m  5.1 KN/m

iii) Parapet wall of height 1 m,

DL = 0.12*1*18 = 2.1 KN/m  2.0 KN/m
Plaster load on parapet wall = 20.4*1*0.025 =0.5 KN/m
Total wall Load =2.5 KN/m

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3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads (For Residential Building)
From IS: 875 (Part 2) – 1987

a) All Rooms and kitchen = 2 KN/m2

b) Toilet and bath rooms = 2 KN/m2
c) Corridors, passages, staircases
including fire escapes and store rooms = 3 KN/m2
d) Balconies = 3 KN/m2

3.3) Seismic Loads

From IS: 1893 - 2002

Fundamental Natural Period

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (Ta) in seconds, of moment-resisting
frame buildings without brick infill panels, may be estimated by the empirical expression:
Ta = 0.075*h0.75 (Cl. 7.6.2)
Where,
h = Height of Building in meter. This excludes the basement story, where basement walls are
connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes the
basement story, when they are not so connected.

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq X according to IS
1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa
= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

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 Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
Directio W Vb
Used
n (kN) (kN)
(sec)
2018.354
X 0.486 181.6519
3
X + Ecc. 2018.354
0.486 181.6519
Y 3
2018.354
X - Ecc. Y 0.486 181.6519
3

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.398 41.5291 0
Story2 6.35 103.7547 0
Story 1 3.175 36.3681 0
Base 0 0 0

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IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq Y according to IS
1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa
= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
Directio W Vb
Used
n (kN) (kN)
(sec)
2018.354
Y 0.457 181.6519
3
Y + Ecc. 2018.354
0.457 181.6519
X 3
2018.354
Y - Ecc. X 0.457 181.6519
3

Applied Story Forces

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 Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.398 0 41.5291
Story2 6.35 0 103.7547
Story 1 3.175 0 36.3681
Base 0 0 0

PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4) Modeling
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are computer
aided by the Structural analysis and design software called ETABS 2018, which is a special
purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures. It provides the
Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and
optimize the structural elements in a building model.

A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Since this is Special Moment
Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs.
Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered in the modeling. The Structure
is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The in-plane stiffness of floor slab has been
considered in the modeling of the structure while the stiffness contribution of partition walls
has been ignored.

5) Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live loads,
the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst seismically
active zone. Moreover, the residential building itself carries high importance and the seismic
force consideration is of upmost priority.
Seismic Coefficient method has been adopted for the lateral load analysis. The joint masses of
each floor are exported from the program and base shear is calculated manually. The base shear
is distributed to each floor as per relevant Indian Standard and applied to the model at the
center of mass. The program automatically calculates the center of stiffness of the structure.

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 Torsion is therefore accounted by the program itself. The rigid end effect has also been
considered in the analysis.

5.1) Load Cases

The following independent load cases have been considered
i. Dead Load (DL)
ii. Live load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in + ve X-direction (EQPX)
iv. Earthquake load in – ve X-direction (EQNX)
v. Earthquake load in + ve Y-direction (EQPY)
vi. Earthquake load in – ve Y-direction (EQNY)

5.2) Load Combinations

Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105 for the analysis of the
structural components of the building.

Load Combination
1. 1.5 Dead Load +1.5 Live Load
2. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-X
3. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-X
4. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-Y
5. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-Y
6. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-X
7. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-X
8. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-Y
9. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-Y
6) Design
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method as per
IS: 456 -2000. The designs of structural members (i.e. beams and columns) were carried
out by the program itself and the design results were checked manually. Here, longitudinal
reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among
the above mentioned load combinations. A symmetric arrangement of the reinforcement
has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. Longitudinal
reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load combination and it is calculated from
the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been
calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993.

The design of slab, staircase and foundation has been carried out manually in spreadsheet.
Footings have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to
dead load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of
view that reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at
foundation for more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary.
The slab has been designed as two-way slab and is based on the coefficient given in IS
456-2000. The deflection of slab has been checked and limited to the allowable deflection
as prescribed in the IS 456-2000.

7) Detailing of the Structural Elements

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 The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have been
shown in drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS 456:2000,
IS 1893:1984, SP-16 and SP-34.

PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN

8) Sample Analysis Results

TABLE: Story Drifts

Story Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number Direction Drift

Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.001053

Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.001035
Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.001097
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.001038
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.001027
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.001078
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.001171
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.001214
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.001243
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.001345
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.001289
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.001401
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.001136
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.001228
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.001202
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.001095
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.001155
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.001149

Here, the Storey Drifts in any storey due to minimum specified lateral
force, with partial load factor of 1.0 has not exceed value 0.004.
Hence OK for drift check

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 9) Sample Designs
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams
The design results for the columns and beams using ETABS V18 are as follows:

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary) (Part 1 of 2)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc
Story 1 C13 1 Col 12" X 12" 1.5DL+1.3 LL -1.25 EQX 0

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary) (Part 2 of 2)

Length (mm) LLRF
3175 0.945

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
479.9736 -14.8772 -60.6855 9.5995 9.5995 1500 1.61

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.730792 2794 -26.9198 0 9.5995
Minor Bend(M2) 0.730792 2794 -7.6487 0 9.5995

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 Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3
Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 53.3149 70.2238 30.3333 25.5738 337.85
Minor, Vu3 27.7706 70.2238 30.3333 26.0091 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 15 1398.6035 311.1767 479.9736 0.844774

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.699 12 No
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.699 12 No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary) (Part 1 of 2)

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Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc
Story 1 B2 24 Beam 10" X 15" 1.5DL+1.3 LL -1.25 EQY 152.4

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary) (Part 2 of 2)

Length (mm) LLRF
4572 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 33 33

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored

Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-71.8478 5.8255 86.6877 0.0685

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative

Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-71.8478 8.5669 0 -80.4148

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required

-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -80.4148 600 0 600 190
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 300 0 0 300

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
111.5332 0 148.4508 39.6722 1182.1

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
5.8255 86.6877 208 335 604.23

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 9.2) Sample Design of Slab

Design of Two Way Slab

lx = 3.3528 m Shorter Span in X-direction

ly = 4.572 m Longer Span in Y-direction
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
Dia. Of
Bar = 8 mm

ly/lx = 1.37

Two Way Slab

Status
Overall depth of
Slab (D) = 127 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth
(d) = 103 mm

Load Calculation

Dead Load of Slab

= 3.175 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1 KN/m2
10" Wall on Slab= 0 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.175 KN/m2

Live Load = 2.5 KN/m2

Total Load = 6.675 KN/m2

Factored Load = 10.01 KN/m2

Type the Value for

Slab Type = 1 Type of Slab Value
Interior Pannels 1
One Short Edge
αx- 0.072 Discontinuous 2

21 | P a g e
 One Long Edge
αy- 0.047 Discontinuous 3
Two Adjacent Edge
αx+ 0.054 Discontinuous 4
Two Short Edges
αy+ 0.035 Discontinuous 5
Two Long Edges
Discontinuous 6
Three Edge Discontinuous
(One Long Edge Cont.) 7
Three Edge Discontinuous
Mx- 8.1 KNm (One Short Edge Cont.) 8
My- 5.3 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous 9
Mx+ 6.1 KNm
My+ 3.9 KNm

Check for Depth Due to Moment

d= 55.20 mm

Check OK

Calculation of Area of Steel Required

Dia.
Of Provi
Area Check Area bar Suggestted Provide ded
Calculat Use
ed For Required d Spacing Spacing Area
Min.
mm2 Area mm2 mm mm mm mm2
Astx- 190 OK 190 8 265 150 335
Asty- 122 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335
Astx+ 140 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335
Asty+ 90 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335

Minimum Area of Steel

Ast,min 152.4 mm2

Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear
Force = 16.78 KN/m

22 | P a g e
 Nominal Shear
Stress, Tv = 0.16 N/mm2

Pecent of Steel, p% = 0.33 %

Shear Strength of
Concrete, Tc = 0.40 N/mm2

k= 1.3
Shear Strength in
Slabs, Tc'= 0.52 N/mm2

Check OK

Check for Deflection

N/
Steel Stresss of Service Loads, fs mm
= 165 2
Modification Factors
α= 26 Type Value of α
β= 1 Cantilever 7
Simply
γ= 2 Supported 20
Continuous 26
Allowable Value = 52.0
Actual Value = 32.6

Check OK

Depth from
Deflection = 64.5 mm

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 9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing

SAMPLE FOOTING CALCULATION FOR ISOLATED FOOTING

B1,B3,C1,C2,C3
1 Material Properties

Concrete strength 20 Mpa

Rebar strength 500 MPa
Safe bearing capacity 150 KN/m2
Lever arm Factor 0.456
Moment factor 2.66

Factored load 1.5(DL+LL) adoped

2 UNFactored load from ETABS
Axial load 323.333 KN Axial load 485 KN
M 4.666 KNm M 7 KNm
Eccetricity 0.0144309 m

3 Dimensions(col&pil)
Footing length 1.6764 m Required 5'-0" X 5'-0"
Footing Breadth 1.6764 m Provided 5'-6" X 5'-6"
Depth overall 0.428 m 1'-4"
Centroidal cover 0.08 m
Effective depth 0.348 m
Column length 0.304 m 12"
Column breadth 0.304 m 12"

4 Factored Soil Pressure

P,cen 189.83604 KN/m2
P,max 199.64103 KN/m2 ok 225 KN/m2
P,min 180.03106 KN/m2
Gradient 11.697669 KN/m2
Used capacity 133.09402 KN/m2
5 Design for moment
Dist of c.sec 0.6862 m
Pres at c.sec 191.61409 KN/m2
Avg load 134.23963 KN/m
Dist of applicaton 0.345 m
Moment at critical sec 46.312 KNm/m

Assume reinforcement
Bar diameter 12 mm
Spacing 150 mm
Ast provided 753.982 mm^2 ok 0.22%

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 Ast,min 417.6
Moment resistance 107.955 KNm/m ok
balanced depth 201.456 mm ok

6 Check for 1 way shear

Dist of critical section 0.3382 m
Pres at c.sec 195.68488 KN/m2
Avg shear stress 0.192 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 0.36 N/mm^2 ok

7 Check for 2 way shear

Dist of c.sec 0.5122 m
Pres at c.sec 193.64948 KN/m2
PSFA1 126.25946
PSFA2 334.67822
Avg Shear load 113.79394 KN
Shear st at c.sec 0.501 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 1.118 N/mm^2 ok

Provide reinforcement 12 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c

Design of Strap Beam (A2-B2)

TAKING LOAD FROM A2-B2
1 Given Data 1.82
Edge Column = A = A 88
PA = 345 KN
Pd,A = 517 KN
0.3
B

1.8

bA = 0.3 m
3

dA = 0.3 m
Centre Column = B = B
PB = 450 KN Strap Beam (mm)
Pd,B = 675 KN =
bB = 0.3 m 304 X 609.
4.572 6
dB = 0.3 m
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
1.8

Lc/c = 4.572 m
3

SBC = 150 KN/mm2

0.3

A
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1.82
88
 2 Length and Width of Footing
Assuming 10 % of footing self weight, then
Total Load (PTotal) = 874 KN
Area required for footing
(PTotal)
=
SBC
= 5.83 m2
Adopt area of footing,
Bf = 1.8288 m
Area = Lf X Bf
5.83 = LA + L B X 1.8288
LA + L B = 3.19 m
For Uniform soil pressure, the C.G of the footing and resultant of external load should coincide
Taking moment about C.G, then, about X from centre of column A
PA X X' = PB (4.57 -X')
X' = 2.59 m
Similarly, C.G from centre of Column B,
Y' = 1.98 m
Since, C.G of footing and external load should coincide, then,
A1 X (LC/C + la + 0.5bA-0.5LA) + (A2 X 0)
Y' =
Area Req.
or, 0.5 LA2 - 0.15LA -4.572LA + 6.32
or, 0.5 LA2 - 4.722LA + 6.32 =0
(Using
Quadratic
LA = 1.83 m or, 7.83 1.61 Equation)
LB = 1.83 m
Area of footing provided
Aprov. = 6.69 m2
Projection on Centre Column,
ProB = 0.76 m
4 Net Upward Soil Pressure
Pu = 178.20 KN/mm2
Pu/length = 325.90 KN/m
4 Design of footing slab
lA = 0.7644 m
BMmax = 52.06 KNm
From SP16, Table C,
M
= 0.133
fckbd2
d = 139.90 mm
Based on one way shear,
d = 297.29 mm

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 Provide overall depth,
Df = 400 mm
Assuming, Ø Bar = 12 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Eff. depth (d) = 344 mm
5 Reinforcement in footing slab
From IS456:2000, Annex G,
Ast % = 0.10 %
(Ast)req = 516 mm2/m
Assuming, Ø Bar = 12
Spacingreq = 219 mm
Considering clear cover spacing for avoiding cracks,
spacingprov = 150 mm
No. of barsreq. = 12.5 Nos. For, Edge Footing
Provide 13 nos. - Ø12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c in transverse direction for Edge footing.
No. of barsreq. = 12.5 Nos. For, Edge Footing
Provide 13 nos. - Ø12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c in transverse direction for Centre footing.
For, distribution reinforcement, consider nominal reinforcement,
Astprov = 480 mm2/m 0.12 % of bD
Assuming, Ø Bar = 12
Spacingreq = 236 mm
spacingprov = 150 mm
Provide 12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c spacing along longitudinal direction.
6 Design of Strap Beam
Assume, bmax = 304 mm
Aouter = 0 KN SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Ce.F(l.e), B(inn),
Ainner = -419.23 KN 59.50 234.59
A Co.F(r.e), B
Cor.FR.edge = 79.00 KN
A(out), 0 59.50
Cen.FL.edge = 79.00 KN
Binner = 328.12 KN
Bouter = -249.12 KN B(out), -175.09
A(inn), -290.68
Let 'X' m be the distance of point of zero shear
force from inner face of column A,

MOMENT DIAGRAM
X = 1.29 m
Max. moment occurs at point of zero shear,
considering moment from left side of S, A B
Mmax = -332.53 KNm
M(hogg.), 209.65
sagging moment at outer face of column B,
Msag = 95.21 KNm
C.col, 0
E.col, 0
M(sagg.), -60.25

27 | P a g e
 Let 'x' be the distance of point of contraflexure
from right edge of central footing,
x = 1.36 m
Shear force at point of contraflexure,
V = -230.92 KN
7 Depth of Strap Beam
d = 550.89 mm
From Shear Consideration,maximum shear force,
VV = 328.12
c,max = 2.8 N/mm2 IS 456:2000, Table 20
d = 385.5 mm
Overall Depth(D) = 609.6 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Effective dep. (d) = 559.6 mm
For T-beam portion,
l0 = 4274 mm
bf = 978 mm
MoR = 1103 KNm
MoR>>Mmax, so NA falls inside flange i.e xu < Df. Hence compression occurs in flange section.
7 Longitudinal Reinforcement in beam:
Ast = 1465 mm2 0.5 f ck é 4 .6 M u ù
Ast = ê1 - 1 - úbd
Min. Ast = 716 mm2 f y êë f ck bd 2 úû
Flex. Reinf. = 931 mm2
considering section at point D which consists of rectangular section only,
Ast = 1167 mm2
Astreq = 1465 mm2
Assume,
Ø = 16 mm
Reinforcement = 8 Nos
Ast, provided = 1608 mm2
For tension reinforcement,
Xu = 90.443 mm
M1 = 298.92 KNm
Ld = 906 mm
(M1/V) + L0 = 1854 mm Safe
Bottom reinforcement,
Ast = 417 mm2
Min. Ast = 222.38208 mm2
Min. Flex. Reinf. = 289.20128 mm2
Assume,
Ø = 16 mm
Reinforcement = 2 Nos

28 | P a g e
 Ast, provided = 402 mm2
8 Vertical Reinforcement in beam:
VV = 328.12 KN
c,max = 1.9 N/mm2
% of tensile steel = 0.95 % v
P% = 0.85% For Fe500 as per IS:456:2000
c = 0.59 N/mm2
since tv > tc, shear reinforcement is necessary.
At inner face of column A, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 325.67 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 3 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 150.72 mm2 From IS:456:2000
Sv.req = 113 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .
At inner face of column B, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 234.55 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 2 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 100.48 mm2
Sv.req = 104 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .
Distance upto which we provide i.e point upto which shear force exceeds Vc.
XB = 0.72 m fromm inner face of column B
XA = 1.57 m fromm inner face of column A
At Outer face of column B, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 342.68 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 3 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 150.72 mm2
Sv.req = 107 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .
Between Point D & E
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = -14.57 KN

29 | P a g e
 Leg. Used = 2 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 100.48 mm2
Sv.req = 168 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 150 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2 legged stirrups @ 150 mm c/c spacing .

STRAP BEAM SECTION

Provide 8 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3
Ø- 2 legged
legged stirrups @
stirrups @ 150
100 mm c/c
mm c/c spacing
spacing .
8 nos of 16 Ø bar. .

Provide 8 mm
Ø- 3 legged 609.6
stirrups @ 400 mm
100 mm c/c mm
spacing .
2 nos of 16 Ø bar.
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2
legged stirrups @
304 mm X 609.6 mm 100 mm c/c
spacing .

Design of Strap Beam (A1-B1,A3-B3)

TAKING LOAD FROM A1-B1
1 Given Data
Edge Column = A = A
PA = 245 KN
Pd,A = 367 KN 1.6
764
bA = 0.3 m
dA = 0.3 m
Centre Column = B = B
0.3
B

1.6
8

PB = 324 KN
Pd,B = 486 KN
bB = 0.3 m
dB = 0.3 m Strap Beam (mm)
2 = 304 X 609.
fck = 20 N/mm
fy = 500 N/mm2 4.572

Lc/c = 4.572 m
SBC = 150 KN/mm2
2 Length and Width of Footing
1.6

Assuming 10 % of footing self weight, then

8
0.3

30 | P a g e A

1.6
76
 Total Load (PTotal) = 626 KN
Area required for footing
(PTotal)
=
SBC
= 4.17 m2
Adopt area of footing,
Bf = 1.6764 m
Area = Lf X Bf
4.17 = LA + L B X 1.6764
LA + L B = 2.49 m
For Uniform soil pressure, the C.G of the footing and resultant of external load should coincide
Taking moment about C.G, then, about X from centre of column A
PA X X' = PB (4.57 -X')
X' = 2.60 m
Similarly, C.G from centre of Column B,
Y' = 1.97 m
Since, C.G of footing and external load should coincide, then,
A1 X (LC/C + la + 0.5bA-0.5LA) + (A2 X 0)
Y' =
Area Req.
or, 0.5 LA2 - 0.15LA -4.572LA + 4.89
or, 0.5 LA2 - 4.722LA + 4.89 =0
(Using
Quadratic
LA = 1.68 m or, 8.26 1.18 Equation)
LB = 1.68 m
Area of footing provided
Aprov. = 5.62 m2
Projection on Centre Column,
ProB = 0.69 m
4 Net Upward Soil Pressure
Pu = 151.76 KN/mm2
Pu/length = 254.41 KN/m
4 Design of footing slab
lA = 0.6882 m
BMmax = 35.94 KNm
From SP16, Table C,
M
= 0.133
fckbd2
d = 116.24 mm
Based on one way shear,
d = 241.90 mm
Provide overall depth,
Df = 400 mm

31 | P a g e
 Assuming, Ø Bar = 12 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Eff. depth (d) = 344 mm
5 Reinforcement in footing slab
From IS456:2000, Annex G,
Ast % = 0.07 %
(Ast)req = 516 mm2/m
Assuming, Ø Bar = 12
Spacingreq = 219 mm
Considering clear cover spacing for avoiding cracks,
spacingprov = 150 mm
No. of barsreq. = 11.5 Nos. For, Edge Footing
Provide 12 nos. - Ø12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c in transverse direction for Edge footing.
No. of barsreq. = 11.5 Nos. For, Edge Footing
Provide 12 nos. - Ø12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c in transverse direction for Centre footing.
For, distribution reinforcement, consider nominal reinforcement,
Astprov = 480 mm2/m 0.12 % of bD
Assuming, Ø Bar = 12
Spacingreq = 236 mm
spacingprov = 150 mm
Provide 12 mm bar @ 150mm c/c spacing along longitudinal direction.
6 Design of Strap Beam
Assume, bmax = 304 mm
Aouter = 0 KN SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Ce.F(l.e), B(inn),
Ainner = -290.68 KN 59.50 234.59
A Co.F(r.e), B
Cor.FR.edge = 59.50 KN
A(out), 0 59.50
Cen.FL.edge = 59.50 KN
Binner = 234.59 KN
Bouter = -175.09 KN B(out), -175.09
A(inn), -290.68
Let 'X' m be the distance of point of zero shear
force from inner face of column A,

MOMENT DIAGRAM
X = 1.14 m
Max. moment occurs at point of zero shear,
considering moment from left side of S, A B
Mmax = -209.65 KNm
M(hogg.), 209.65
sagging moment at outer face of column B,
Msag = 60.25 KNm
C.col, 0
E.col, 0
M(sagg.), -60.25
Let 'x' be the distance of point of contraflexure
from right edge of central footing,
x = 1.24 m

32 | P a g e
 Shear force at point of contraflexure,
V = -170.05 KN
7 Depth of Strap Beam
d = 427.30 mm
From Shear Consideration,maximum shear force,
VV = 234.59
c,max = 2.8 N/mm2 IS 456:2000, Table 20
d = 275.6 mm
Overall Depth(D) = 609.6 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Effective dep. (d) = 559.6 mm
For T-beam portion,
l0 = 4318 mm
bf = 961 mm
MoR = 1083 KNm
MoR>>Mmax, so NA falls inside flange i.e xu < Df. Hence compression occurs in flange section.
7 Longitudinal Reinforcement in beam:
Ast = 899 mm2 0.5 f ck é 4 .6 M u ù
Ast = ê1 - 1 - úbd
Min. Ast = 703 mm2 f y êë f ck bd 2 úû
Flex. Reinf. = 914 mm2
considering section at point D which consists of rectangular section only,
Ast = 774 mm2
Astreq = 899 mm2
Assume,
Ø = 16 mm
Reinforcement = 5 Nos
Ast, provided = 1005 mm2
For tension reinforcement,
Xu = 56.557 mm
M1 = 196.79 KNm
Ld = 906 mm
(M1/V) + L0 = 1717 mm Safe
Bottom reinforcement,
Ast = 257 mm2
Min. Ast = 222.38208 mm2
Min. Flex. Reinf. = 289.20128 mm2
Assume,
Ø = 16 mm
Reinforcement = 2 Nos
Ast, provided = 402 mm2
8 Vertical Reinforcement in beam:
VV = 234.59 KN

33 | P a g e
 c,max = 1.4 N/mm2
% of tensile steel = 0.59 % v
P% = 0.85% For Fe500 as per IS:456:2000
c = 0.59 N/mm2
since tv > tc, shear reinforcement is necessary.
At inner face of column A, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 197.11 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 2 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 100.48 mm2 From IS:456:2000
Sv.req = 124 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .
At inner face of column B, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 141.02 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 2 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 100.48 mm2
Sv.req = 173 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 150 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2 legged stirrups @ 150 mm c/c spacing .
Distance upto which we provide i.e point upto which shear force exceeds Vc.
XB = 0.55 m fromm inner face of column B
XA = 1.51 m fromm inner face of column A
At Outer face of column B, (Support Edge)
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = 268.65 KN Design shear stress
Leg. Used = 3 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 150.72 mm2
Sv.req = 137 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .
Between Point D & E
Vc = 93.56512 KN
Vd = -34.07 KN
Leg. Used = 3 Nos.
Ø of stirrups = 8 mm
Asv = 150.72 mm2

34 | P a g e
 Sv.req = 108 mm spacing required = Sv
Sv,provided = 100 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3 legged stirrups @ 100 mm c/c spacing .

STRAP BEAM SECTION

Provide 8 mm
Provide 8 mm Ø- 3
Ø- 3 legged
legged stirrups @
stirrups @ 100
100 mm c/c
mm c/c spacing
spacing .
5 nos of 16 Ø bar. .

Provide 8 mm
Ø- 2 legged 609.6
stirrups @ 400 mm
100 mm c/c mm
spacing .
2 nos of 16 Ø bar.
Provide 8 mm Ø- 2
legged stirrups @
304 mm X 609.6 mm 150 mm c/c
spacing .

10) Design Summary

10.1) Column Design Summary

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 10.2) Beam Design Summary

10.3) Slab Design Summary

10.4) Footing Design Summary

36 | P a g e
 PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
11) Annexes

37 | P a g e
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47 | P a g e
48 | P a g e
 12) Conclusion

After the complete analysis and design of the building components, the building is found
to be safe against the loads considered above. The Axial force, Bending moment, Shear
force and Torsion forces are checked at different sections of the beams and columns. All
the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to axial, shear,
flexural and torsion forces produced due to above forces.

The slab and foundations were designed manually. The depth of slab which is safe against
the deflection and shear and the reinforcement provided are sufficient to counter the
flexural forces as well. The foundation was checked against one-way shear, two-way shear
and bending moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe and the
reinforcement provided is sufficient. The structural safety would further depend upon the
effectiveness of construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria
followed during the construction phases.

To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian
Standard codes. Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns remains
higher than the adjacent beams. Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is Strong column
and Weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the elements are
vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more ductile. The
detail soil investigation report was not available so the bearing capacity of the soil is
assumed as 130 KN/m2 for medium type soil. Durable M20 concrete has been used in the
foundation which is in contact with the soil. And M20 is also used for column, Beams and
slabs. Ductile detailing has been extensively adopted for structural drawings.

49 | P a g e
 1416References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces - Code of Practice
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for -Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem
Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
W.H. Mosley, J.H. Reinforced Concrete Design, fifth edition.
Bunggey & R. Hulse
Joseph E. Bowles Foundation Analysis and Design
Brian W. Boughton Reinforced Concrete Detailer’s Manual, Third Edition
The Institute of Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete, A manual for
best Structural Engineers practice, Third edition
M. G. Shah & C.M. RCC Theory and Design (Revised Edition)
Kale

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