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Design Memo of Project

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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1

2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT............................................................................................................................... 2

3 CODES & REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ 2

4 ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................

4.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES..........................................................................................................................................

4.2.1 CONCRETE.............................................................................................................................................. 3
4.2.2 STEEL REINFORCEMENT....................................................................................................................... 3
4.2.3 COVER TO THE REINFORCEMENT........................................................................................................3

5 LOADS 4

5.1 DEAD LOAD..............................................................................................................................................................

5.2 LIVE LOAD................................................................................................................................................................

6 LOAD CASES................................................................................................................................................ 4

7 LOAD COMBINATIONS................................................................................................................................ 4

8 CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 5

8.1 CONCRETE STRUCTURE.........................................................................................................................................

8.2 STEEL STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................................................

9 LETTER TO THE CLIENT............................................................................................................................... 8

10 DRAWINGS................................................................................................................................................... 9

11 DESIGN 14

11.1 SLAB DESIGN..........................................................................................................................................................

Appendix 1 INTRODUCTION
It is important to keep a strong relationship between design and construction while planning. These
processes work best when considered as one. Design is the process of developing an illustration of a
new structure, and achieved by comprehensive plans and specifications; construction planning make
the design into a reality by finding out resources and activities. Countless tasks must be completed in
both design and construction, with varying degrees of priority and other connections among the
various operations. Here for the project we aim in designing a concrete and a steel building, which
helps in achieving complete idea of designing both the structures with certain restrictions.

Construction is the process of erecting a structure or infrastructure. The construction of buildings and
infrastructure is critical to a country's progress. Construction varies from manufacturing in that
manufacturing includes mass manufacture of similar things without an identified purchaser, whereas
construction occurs on-site for a known client.

Construction begins with the planning of a building or infrastructure for construction, the design of a
construction layout, and the finance or budget required for construction. Construction on a modest
scale comprises the construction of houses, residential units, and structures, among other things.
Residential projects, bridges, infrastructure, and other large-scale construction projects are examples
of large-scale construction. Large-scale building necessitates the collaboration of numerous
disciplines, and is frequently referred to as a megaproject.
Appendix 2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT
This scope of the report limits to structural design Building which includes design considerations,
loading conditions, safety requirements, material properties for concrete and reinforcement,
structural analysis and design.

Appendix 3 CODES & REFERENCES

The analysis and design have been compiled with latest revision of following applicable
Codes/Documents:

a) EN – 1991-1

Appendix 4 ANALYSIS
4.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The design of RCC frame for Building project is done by considering 3D structure on a raft and the
foundation is designed as raft supported on natural ground. The structure is analysed and designed
for respective loadings based on the operational condition and loads provided. The most critical load
combinations expected during life of structure are considered for concrete and reinforcement design
and the deformations are checked as per codal provisions to satisfy serviceability requirements
4.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
The following section generally define the main construction material properties used for the design.
These conform to the specifications for materials included in the technical specifications.

4.2.1 CONCRETE
The grade of concrete shall be according to euro code, The M25 concrete has been envisaged for
Building i.e. the concrete has characteristic compressive strength of 25MPa for the 150mm cube at
28 days. Unit weight of reinforced concrete is adopted as 25 kN/m3.

4.2.2 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Steel for reinforcement will be of grade Fe 500 (with yield stress of 500 MPa) cold drawn, high
strength, deformed bars.

4.2.3 COVER TO THE REINFORCEMENT

The nominal cover to the reinforcement to meet the durability requirement depending on the
exposure condition of the concrete shall be provided. The environmental exposure condition is
considered to be moderate. The nominal cover to the reinforcement for different elements in the
Building are as follows:
  Beams : 35 mm
 Roof Slab : 20 mm
 Floor Slab : 20 mm
 Columns : 40mm

Appendix 5 LOADS
The following loads were considered for structural design of GIS Building:

5.1 DEAD LOAD

I. Dead weight for Beams, Columns, Concrete Walls, Floor Slab has been assigned directly by Self-Weight
Command considering density of 25 kN/m3 in Staad.

II. Dead load for Roof Slab-Applied in Staad

Weight of Slab= 0.125m x 25 kN/m3 =3.125 kN/m2
Weight of cement plaster on ceiling= 0.15 kN/m2
Weight of Floor Finishing= 0.050m x 20 kN/m3=1.0 kN/m2
Total Dead load for Roof Slab= 4.375 kN/m2

III. Floor finish load for GIS floor is Applied in Staad =1.0 kN/m2

5.2 LIVE LOAD

I. Live load for Roof Slab-Applied in Staad =4.0 kN/m2
II. Live load Cladding =10.0kN/m2

Appendix 6 LOAD CASES

Limit state design analogy will used for the design of control room building components. The
following load combinations in accordance with IS 456:2000 will be considered for the analysis and
design of control room building frame.

Basic / Primary Load Cases

Number Load Case

1 DEAD LOAD

2 LIVE LOAD

Appendix 7 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Limit state design analogy will used for the design of control room building components. The
following load combinations will be considered for the analysis and design.
 1) 1.0 Dead load + 1.5 Live load
2) 1.35 Dead load + 1.5 Live load

Appendix 8 CONSTRUCTION
For the construction of this project there are two parts to consider, Steel structure and concrete
structure.

8.1 CONCRETE STRUCTURE

Building construction activities are broadly classified into pre-contract and post-contract activities.

Pre contract

 Project Location
 Plan for Building
 Design

Following the design of the construction plan, a structural engineer creates the structure's frame.
Based on the soil study and the load of the superstructure, the type of foundation is then determined
and developed.

 Estimate and Budget

Estimates quantity, various items of work, and prepares a document including the cost.

 Soil Investigation Report

This report need to be completed before the construction is designed. The engineer must understand
the soil qualities on the construction site; else, the foundation design cannot be completed. This
report includes soil parameters, soil kinds, load-bearing capacity, and other information.

 Building Permit

To begin construction activities, the City Development Authority must provide consent.

 Find out a Builder

Post-contract

 Site Works

The first process is site preparation. It entails clearing the project site of removing unwanted material
and loose soil, existing buildings, sloping grounds, and designating the location of subterranean
services.

 Site Surveying and Layout

 Excavation
Following the layout of the structure, the excavation process begins with the use of appropriate
machineries depends on type of soil and excavation process. The excavation process is done with
the assistance of surveying equipment to reach the appropriate depth.

 Compaction
 Foundation

It is the bottom portion of the structure that transfers loads from the structure to the soil beneath. As
a result, it necessitates significant attention and precision during construction.

Placing PCC alone, setting up formworks, placing reinforcements, pouring concrete, and finally curing
the concrete to achieve the specified strength are all part of the construction process.

 Plinth Beam Construction

 Column

Following the completion of the foundations and plinth beams, rcc column built. The process entails
building a column kicker, installing steel bars, erecting formwork, pouring concrete, and curing the
concrete.

It is critical to check the verticality of columns during construction to avoid deviations from their
placements.

 Slab and Beam

Following the completion of the ground level column construction, the slab and beam construction
would begin. Placing formworks and introducing reinforcements for beams and slabs based on
designs, embedding additional items and lastly curing the concrete are all part of the process.

 Masonry Wall
 Lintels

Lintels are used to carry masonry work across openings such as windows and doors.

 Roof Slab

The roof slab is built after all of the building's storeys have been completed.

 Electrical and plumbing

These work may or may not be totally linked to a civil engineer. The site engineer, on the other hand,
should prohibit any acts that have a negative impact on structural elements.

 Finishing Works
 Roof

Sometimes, after the plastering has been done, the roof surface will be applied with water proofing
agents to avoid leakage.
8.2 STEEL STRUCTURE
Steel structure construction includes the installation of foundations, columns, beams, and floor
systems.

The following are the procedure for constructing steel structure

 Construction of Steel Structure Foundation

The foundation is the first step in the building of a steel-framed structure. If the strength of soil is
inadequate and the load is significant, a pile foundation is sensible.

 Steel Column

The installation of steel columns is the next step in the construction. The steel section is specified
based on the load acting on it. And column sections come available in different sizes, and these steel
columns are frequently manufactured in advance.

 Erection of Beams

There are several pre-built beam sections are in the market for use in the construction of a multi-
story steel frame structure. Beams are widely used to carry loads from floors and roofs to columns.
Steel beam members can span up to 18m.Column to beam connections and beam to beam
connections are encountered while erecting steel beams.

 Floor Systems in Steel Structure

Floor systems of many varieties can be employed in the construction of steel frame structures. Floors
are frequently placed while the beams are being built.

 Bracing and Cladding

Bracings are used to withstand lateral forces imposed on structures by transferring lateral loads to
columns and subsequently to the footing.
 Appendix 9 LETTER TO THE CLIENT
To

The client,

Good Day!

It has come to my attention that you would like the option of converting the aquarium into a museum
area. It is actually a wise decision to make the building future-proof. And this must be decided and
designed throughout the design stage. To make the change, I'll explain how we can do it in simple
terms.

The first step is to remove the acrylic aquarium tank, which entails emptying the tank and properly
dismantling it. To accomplish this, the steel framework and steel roof must be demolished. Aquarium
tanks can be safely removed with the use of appropriate lifting equipment. Following the successful
removal of the aquarium tank from the structure, several modifications are required for the installation
of a mezzanine level in the structure. The greatest solution in our instance will be a freestanding
concrete mezzanine level. Concrete mezzanine floors are durable and long-lasting, whereas
freestanding mezzanine floors allow for future development if more space is required. Columns and
braces for supplementary support for heavy weights must be added for proper installation.

If you have any questions or concerns about this, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Respectfully
Appendix 10 DRAWINGS
Appendix 11 DESIGN
11.1 SLAB DESIGN