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9 May 5, 2019
2524 2019 年 5 月 5 日 Proceedings of the CSEE ©2019 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.190510 文章编号:0258-8013 (2019) 09-2524-07 中图分类号:TM 914
薄膜太阳电池研究进展和挑战
张传军 1,褚君浩 1,2*
(1.中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室,上海市 虹口区 200083;
2.国家能源投资集团有限责任公司,北京市 昌平区 100011)
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performance perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 monolithic tandem 作者简介:
solar cells[J].Science,2018,361(6045):904-908. 张传军(1973),男,博士,从事半导体
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of 24.6 percent paves the way for flexible solar cells and mail.sitp.ac.cn;
high-efficiency building-integrated PV[EB/OL].Baden-
Württemberg,Germany:ZSW,2018 [2019-04-10].https:/ 张传军
/www.zsw-bw.de/en/newsroom/news/news-detail/news/de *通信作者:褚君浩(1945),男,博士,
tail/News/thin-film-tandem-solar-cell.html. 1984 年毕业于中国科学院上海技术物理
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Extended Summary DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.190510
KEY WORDS: thin film solar cells; photoelectric conversion; a-Si; CdTe; CIGS; PSC
In recent years, due to the introduction of a series of efficiency of 23.35%. The emerging PSC thin film solar
new materials, new structures and new technologies, not cell has reached the highest efficiency of 22.7% in 2017.
only the traditional solar cell technologies of a-Si, CdTe, The major obstacles to the rapid commercialization of
and CIGS but also the emerging thin film solar cell PSC thin film solar cells include large area deposition,
technologies of PSC, CZTS, Sb2Se3 have all been long-term stability and the lead pollution. One of the
improved significantly. To its credit, the power development directions of high efficiency thin film solar
conversion efficiency of CdTe, CIGS and PSC thin film cells is PSC tandem solar cell. Perovskite with adjustable
solar cells is greater than 22%. The great progress has band values (1.2 ~ 2.3eV) can be used as the absorber of
also been made in the industrialization and scale top cell, and c-Si, CIGS, and low-bandgap perovskite
application of CdTe and CIGS thin film solar cells. film can be used as the absorber of bottom cell.
In the preparation of high-efficiency thin film solar In recent years, the market share of thin-film PV
cells, some advanced technologies of semiconductor modules has declined relatively, but the output has
industry have been introduced (such as doping, increased significantly, In 2017, the global thin-film PV
passivation, bandgap modulating, etc), and achieved modules of 4GW was shipped, accounting for about 4%
remarkable results. The conversion efficiency of of the market share of all PV modules. The challenges of
a-Si thin-film solar cells is improved sluggishly with
commercialization of thin-film solar cell modules are as
poor stability due to the serious staebler-wronski effect.
follows: 1)Some industrialization technologies are not
The development of technology mainly focuses on
mature and some high-efficiency thin-film solar cell
a-Si/c-Si tandem solar cells and a-Si thin film
technologies are not suitable for the preparation of
heterojunction solar cells. For the CdTe thin film solar
large-area modules; 2) Supply of rare elements and
cells, wide bandgap semiconductors of CdSO and
recovery and recycling of toxic elements; 3) the rapidly
ZnMgO were introduced in the FTO/buffer/CdTe front
reduced cost and price of c-Si solar cell modules.
stacks. The structure of gradient bandgap CdSeTe/CdTe
The commercial development direction of thin-film
absorber was formed by Se doping of CdTe absorber.
solar cell modules includes: 1)Flexible thin-film solar
Quasi-ohmic contact was formed in the CdTe/ZnTe:Cu/
cell modules and photovoltaic and building integration;
Metal back stacks. In 2016, first Solar announced the
2)Key technology of industrialization; 3)The alternative
champion conversion efficiency of 22.1%. The technical
improvement routes of device efficiency from 22% to technology for the absorber of rare and toxic elements;
25% are mainly focused on the increase of Voc greater 4) Improve the efficiency of thin-film solar cell module
than 1eV. For the CIGS thin film solar cells, alkali metal and expand industrial scale.
element doping through NaF, KaF, RbF and CsF It is necessary to strengthen the research on the
post-deposition processes of the CIGS absorber can laws of physical processes of various types of thin-film
increase the p-type acceptor density of the CIGS solar cells in the future. The key technologies to be
absorber. The charge carrier collection was improved developed should include the following characteristics:
with the gradient distribution of Ga and S in the CIGS 1)Cd free wide bandgap buffer layer; 2)Surface and
absorber by double annealing processes of sulfurization bulk passivation; 3 ) Gradient band gaps, gradient
after selenization. The Cd free wide bandgap components or gradient lattice constants of the
semiconductor buffer layers such as ZnMgO, absorption layer; 4 ) Alternative technology for the
Zn(O,S,OH)), etc were introduced to increase the absorber of rare and toxic elements; 5 ) Doping of
short-wave quantum response of the PV devices. In 2019, absorber; 6)Tandem solar cells; 7) Ohmic contact of the
Solar Frontier announced the champion conversion back electrode.
S2