Q#1: Elaborate the types of violence faced by women and highlight the

progress that has been made to protect women in Pakistan. What are the
strategies that can be taken to protect women? (5)
Violence against women and the threat of violence are main barriers to women’s empowerment
and equal participation in society. However, they often go unnoticed and undocumented and
therefore unresolved. When stress and violence increase in society in general, as they have in the
transition region, women’s safety in the home, workplace and community is often seriously
affected.
Types of Violence Faced by women:
1. Domestic violence
2. Sexual violence
3. Child marriage
4. Online or digital violence
5. Financial violence
6. Femicide
7. Human trafficking
1. Domestic Violence:
Any pattern of behavior used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate relationship
is known as domestic violence, sometimes known as domestic abuse or intimate partner
violence. It includes all physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and psychological acts or threats
of acts that have an impact on another person. This is one of the most widespread types of
violence against women around the world.
Domestic violence can include the following:
 Economic violence
Economic violence involves making or attempting to make a person financially dependent by
maintaining total control over financial resources, withholding access to money, and forbidding
attendance at school or employment.
 Psychological violence
Psychological violence involves causing fear by intimidation; threatening physical harm to self,
partner or children; destruction of pets and property, mind games, or forcing isolation from
friends, family, school and work.
 Emotional violence
Emotional violence includes undermining a person’s sense of self-worth through constant
criticism; belittling one’s abilities; name-calling or other verbal abuse; damaging a partner’s
relationship with the children; or not letting a partner see friends and family.
 Physical violence
Physical violence involves hurting or trying to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, burning,
grabbing, pinching, shoving, slapping, hair-pulling, biting, denying medical care or forcing
alcohol and/or drug use, or using other physical force. It may include properly damage.
2. Sexual Violence:
Sexual violence is any sexual act committed against the will of another person, either when this
person does not give consent or when consent cannot be given because the person is a child, has
a mental disability, or is severely intoxicated or unconscious as a result of alcohol or drugs.
Sexual violence can include the following.
 Sexual harassment
Sexual harassment encompasses non-consensual physical contact, like grabbing, pinching,
slapping, or rubbing against another person in a sexual way. It also includes non-physical forms,
such as catcalls, sexual comments about a person’s body or appearance, demands for sexual
favors, sexually suggestive staring, stalking, and exposing one’s sex organs.
 Rape
Rape is any non-consensual vaginal, anal or oral penetration of another person with any bodily
part or object. This can be by any person known or unknown to the survivor, within marriage and
relationships, and during armed conflict.
3. Child marriage
Child marriage refers to any marriage where one or both of the spouses are below the age of 18.
It is a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that “marriage shall
be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.” Girls are more
likely to be child brides, and consequently drop out of school and experience other forms of
violence.
 4. Online or digital violence
Online or digital violence against women refers to any act of violence that is committed, assisted
or aggravated by the use of information and communication technology (mobile phones, the
Internet, social media, computer games, text messaging, email, etc.) against a woman because
she is a woman.
Online violence can include the following.
 Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying involves the sending of intimidating or threatening messages.
 Non-consensual sexting
Non-consensual sexting involves the sending of explicit messages or photos without the
recipient’s consent.
 Doxing
Doxing involves the public release of private or identifying information about the victim.
5. Femicide:
Femicide is defined as the purposeful killing of women for the main reason that they are women,
although it can also refer to any killing of women or girls. Femicide is different from male
homicide in a number of ways.
For example, most cases of femicide are committed by partners or ex-partners, and involve
ongoing abuse in the home, threats or intimidation, sexual violence or where women have less
power or fewer resources than their partner.
6. Human trafficking
Human trafficking is the acquisition and exploitation of people, through means such as force,
fraud, coercion, or deception. This heinous crime ensnares millions of women and girls
worldwide, many of whom are sexually exploited.

Highlight the progress that has been made to protect women in Pakistan:

Pakistan is based on Islamic ideology which gives women all the rights that are needed for
women. That is why laws in the country are also based on these ideologies. Women have been
given their rights, but due to illiteracy in-country, women rights are not implemented and dealt as
a slave. Now, circumstances have changed, the women rights are known by every female and
NGOs are working hard on it. Unfortunately, some of the women are misusing them.

While some progress has no doubt been made in bringing the issue of violence against women
into the open, much remains to be done. Women’s awareness of their rights, thanks mainly to the
dedicated efforts of Pakistani women’s rights groups, along with women’s greater participation
in the workforce and resulting exposure to the human rights movement, appears to have
somewhat increased. In one survey by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, it was
reported that in 2000, almost 90 percent of women including those educated to the graduate
level, did not realize they had any rights at all, such as those of divorce. 345

But now in the 21st century, the ulema council denounced the honor killing. Then, women, as
lady traffic warden were permitted to manage traffic and also KPK, has planned to increase the
number of women in the police force. Many other improvements were also made, but still,
domestic violence, domestic abuse, forced marriages and child marriages are still constant.

Our strategies:
Women focuses on early education, respectful relationships, and working with men and boys,
especially through, and in, the media, sports industries, and the world of work. Women helps
conduct research on attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of men and boys, as well as young
people, related to various forms of violence, and supports advocacy, awareness-raising,
community mobilization, and educational programmers, as well as legal and policy reforms.
Voices Against Violence—for those aged 5–25 years. The curriculum includes tools to help
young people understand the root cause of violence in their communities, and to help educate
and involve their peers and communities in preventing violence against women and girls.
Strengthen women’s ability to earn money and support their households by providing
skills training for women.
These are some highlighted strategies regarding protection of women:
Pass better laws. Create laws and enforce existing laws that protect women from discrimination
and violence, including rape, beatings, verbal abuse, torture, “honor” killings and trafficking.
Educate girls. Highlight the value of girl’s education and women’s contributions to economic
development.
Resolve conflicts peacefully. Promote resolution of disputes by including perspectives of women
and girls.
Train women. Strengthen women’s ability by providing skills training.
Stop child marriage. Sensitize the public to the violation of human rights inherent in child
marriages.
Encourage women to vote. Talk about the value of women’s votes and encourage female
candidates
Raise awareness of poverty, especially of the poor conditions some rural women face.

Explain human rights. Tell people their responsibility under international and national human
rights laws.

Conclusion:
The implementation of strategies would help in halting the violence against women
and there is a need of hour to empower women in order to create harmony in the
society and protect it from disturbance.