KETERANGAN (CIRCUMSTANCE)

3.3 Menerapkan fungsi 4.3 Menyusun teks

sosial, struktur teks,
dan unsur kebahasaan
teks interaksi
transaksional lisan dan
tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan
meminta informasi
terkait keterangan
(circumstance), sesuai
dengan konteks
penggunaannya.
(Perhatikan unsur
kebahasaan klausa
finite atau klausa
non-finite)
interaksi transaksional
lisan dan tulis yang
melibatkan tindakan
memberi dan meminta
informasi terkait
keterangan
(circumstance), dengan
memperhatikan fungsi
sosial, struktur teks,
dan unsur kebahasaan
yang benar dan sesuai
konteks

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh

 Sebelum belajar silahkan berdoa, meminta ijin dan doa orangtua.
 Berlatih jujur sepanjang hayat dikandung badan.
 Tetaplah belajar walau sulit berkomunikasi langsung.
 Tetaplah serius, akan ada hikmah yang kadang tidak diduga.
 Janganlah curang, kecurangan sering berdampak buruk di waktu
yang akan datang yang tidak pernah terpikirkan.
 Tugas kamu semua saat ini, hanya belajar. Gunakan kesempatan ini
sebaik baiknya, karena waktu tidak bakal terulang kembali. Jangan
arahkan dirimu ke sebuah penyesalan di waktu yang akan datang.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
 Finite / Nonfinite
Recognize two clause categories
https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/sent-nonfinite.html

To speak in class is difficult for some children but not for Charlie.
He raises his hand constantly and loves to participate in class
discussions. In fact, speaking in class is what he does best. He does his
homework and is very well prepared. Prepared students excel in class.
Also, students encouraged by their teachers do well. Charlie is doing
well in kindergarten.
Sometimes Charlie talks a little too much. He dislikes sitting
quietly. The teacher reminds him to share the discussion time. Other
students are quiet and may think that they don't have anything
important to say. However, the teacher values the opinions of all the
students; she helps quiet students (to) speak out more confidently.

Finite Clause vs. Nonfinite Clause (Primary vs. secondary)

FINITE CLAUSE
A finite clause includes a primary verb — a verb that can be inflected
for tense, person and sometimes number — and includes a subject. A
finite clause can stand alone as an independent clause (a sentence), or it
can serve as a coordinate clause, a subordinate clause, or a
supplementary clause.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
 Charlie raises his hand constantly.
This is called the "main clause" or "matrix clause".

COORDINATE TO MAIN CLAUSE

 He raises his hand constantly and¹ [he talks in class.]
Brackets enclose a coordinate finite clause.
SUBORDINATE TO MAIN CLAUSE—AFTER "THAT"
  We know that² [Charlie raises his hand constantly]].
 Charlie raised his hand so that [he could ask a question].
 Charlie's curiosity is due to the fact that [he asks so many
questions].
Brackets enclose a subordinate finite clause.

SUBORDINATE TO MAIN CLAUSE—WITH CONNECTIVE PREP

 Other children are annoyed because³ [Charlie raises his hand
constantly].
 The teacher ignores Charlie if³ [he waves his hand wildly].
Brackets enclose a subordinate finite clause.

SUBORDINATE TO MAIN CLAUSE—WITH RELATIVE

PRONOUN
 A boy [who raises his hand constantly] wants to be the center of
attention.
Brackets enclose a subordinate finite clause. (relative clause)

SUPPLEMENTARY CLAUSE [AN ADD ON]

 Charlie likes the teacher's attention, so [he raises his hand
constantly.]
Brackets enclose a supplementary finite clause.

NONFINITE CLAUSES
A nonfinite clause includes a secondary verb — a verb not inflected for
tense, person or number (e.g., infinitival, gerundial or past participial
verb form) — and occasionally a subject (e.g., his, him for). A nonfinite
clause is a dependent clause, which can serve as a subject, a
verbal complement, a prepositional complemment, or a noun
complement.

SUBJECT
 To [speak in class] is encouraged.
 [Speaking in class] is encouraged.
  For him to [speak in class] requires self-confidence. (w/subject)

VERBAL COMPLEMENT
 He loves to [participate].
 He dislikes [sitting quietly].
 The teacher encourages his [participating in discussions].
(w/subject)

PREPOSITIONAL COMPLEMENT
 Charlie smiled after [answering the question].
 Charlie is used to [answering questions].
 Charlie is interested in [hearing the answers].

NOUN COMPLEMENT
 [Prepared] students excel in class. (pre-position modifier)
 Students [encouraged by their teachers] do well. (post-position
modifier)
 Charlie is prepared. (complement to "be" or a stative verb)