CAPABI

LITY/
ABI
LITY
Wemaygoodatsomet hing,t
hiscalledasabili
ty.Somepeoplecansing,
dance,paint
,and
cook,butsomeotherscannotdot hosewel l
.Int
hisunit
,youwil
llear
nmor eabouthowt otel
l
yourabil
i
ty,howtoasksomeone’ sabili
ty,
andhowt oasksomeonetodosomet hingpoli
tel
y.
So,payattent
iont
othemat er
ialbelow.

A.STATI NGTHECAPABI LITY

Stat
ingcapabi
li
tymeanst
heabi li
tyofsomeonetodosomethi
ngornot .Toaskt he
capabi
li
ty,
wecanusecan, couldandbeableto.
Canandcouldaremodalaux i
l
iaryver
bs.Beablet
oi sNOTamodal auxil
iaryv
erb.(i
t
usestheverbbeasamainv erb)
.Wei ncl
udebeabletoher
eforconvenience.

1.CAN

Payat
tent
iont
othest
ruct
urebel
ow:

Subj
ect + Auxi
li
aryVer
b + Mai
nVer
b

(
can) (
ver
b1)

Subj
ect Auxi
li
aryVer
b Mai
nVer
b Noun

+ He Can Pl
ay pi
ano

- He Cannot(
can’
t) Pl
ay pi
ano

? Can He Pl
ay pi
ano

Note:
Alt
houghthesubjectis“he”,
theauxi
l
iar
yv erb“can”doesnotchangei
nto“
cans”
.And
themainver
bal sodoesnotchangeinto“plays”
“Can”i
susedt otalkabout:
 Possibil
iti
esandabili
ti
es.
 Maker equests.
 Askf ororgivepermissi
on.

Example:
a.Icanheary ourv oi
ce.
b.HecanspeakEngl ishwel
l
.
c. Shecannotdriveacar
d.Cany ouseet hatsign?

Seethedi
ffer
encesi ntheuseoft hewor d“can”
Conver
sat
ion1
Tom : Cany ouhelpmet ocleant heboard?
Jer
ry :I’
m sorry,
I’
m busyrightnow, butIcanhel
pyout
omor
row.
Tom : Okay,thanks,Jer
ry.

Conver
sat
ion2
Robby:Canyouopent
hedoor
,pl
ease?
Teddy:Sure.
Conver
sat
ion3
John :CanIsl
eepinthi
sroom?
Wil
ly :Youcannotsl
eephere,
buty
oucansl
eepi
nthenextr
oom.

Conver
sat
ion4
Ci
ndy :CanIhav
eagl
assofmi
l
k,pl
ease?
Wait
er:Sure.

2.Beabl eto
3.
“Beabl
eto”i
susedwhenwewantt ot
alkaboutourabi
l
ity
,besi
de“
can”
.
Payatt
enti
ontothest
ruct
urebel
ow.

Subj
ect + be + abl
e + Toi
nfi
nit
ive

Exampl
e:
Subj
ect Be abl
e Toi
nfi
nit
ive

+ I Am abl
e Toswi
m

Subj
ect Be abl
e Toi
nfi
nit
ive

- She I
snot(
isn’
t) abl
e Toswi
m

Be Subj
ect abl
e Toi
nfi
nit
ive

? Ar
e You abl
e Toswi
m?

NOTE:
Beabl
etoi
spossi
blei
nal
ltenses

Exampl
e:
 Iam abl
etoplaydrums.
 WhenIwasaty ourage,
Iwasabletoplaydr
ums.
 Iwil
lbeablet
oplaydrumswellnextyear
.
 Ihavebeenablet
oplaydrumssinceIwasachi
ld.

Af
tery
oul
ear
nthemat
eri
alabov
e,pl
easedot
het
askbel
ow!

Choosether
ightanswer!
1.She…speakFi nni
shwel
l
.
a.Can
b.Wil
l
c.Could
d.Should

2.I…gotothemal
lri
ghtnowbecausemymot
herasksmet
odomyhomewor
k
fi
rst
.
a.Shoul
d
 b.Shoul
dnot
c.Can
d.Cannot

3.…thi
ssubjecti
st oodif
fi
cult
.
a.Icannotunderstandit
b.Icanunderstandit
c.Cany oudoitforme
d.Itwaseasy

4.Xee :IcanspeakJapanesev
erywell
.
You :Real
ly?Ial
so…speakJapanese.
a.Cannot
b.Coul
dnot
c.Wil
l
d.Can

5.Gwen:Thisbagi sr eal
lybi
gandheav y
.Cany ouhel
pmet
obr
ingi
ttot
he
l
obby?
Yur
ry: Iam sor
ry,….
Gwen: Noproblem Iwil
ll
ookforhel
ptoother
.

a.Icanhelpyout
obringi
t
b.Icannothelpy
outobri
ngi
t
c.Bri
ngitbyyour
sel
f
d.Youneedsomeoneelse

6.Rexy :
Iam confusedaboutt healgebra…pl
ease?
Okky :
Ok,for
tunatelyIunderstandthat.
a.Iwil
lst
udywithy ou
b.MayItakeyouunder st
and
c.CanIunderst
andi t
d.Canyouhelpmet ounderstandit

Pl
easemakesent
encest
oshowcapabi
li
t ngcanorbeabl
yusi eto!

1.Whatwouldy ousayifyouwanttoknowy ourfr

iend’
sabi
li
tyi
nmat
h?
2.Tel
lyourfr
iendaboutyourabi
li
ty
3.Tel
lyourfr
iendaboutoneofyourf ami
ly
’sabil
i
ty
4.Tel
lyourfr
iendaboutsomethi
ngt haty
oucannotdowel l
.
5.Sayaboutdisabi
l
ityofabli
ndman.

WI
LLI
NGNESS–UNWI
LLI
NGNESS

Exspr
esi
ngWi
l
li
ngnessandUnwi
l
li
ngnesmer
upakansuat
uungkapandal
am Bahasa
I
nggr
isy
angdi
gunakanunt
ukmengekspr
esi
kankemauandanket
idakmauanunt
uk
mel
akukansesuat
u.Unt
ukmeny
atakani
tuki
tadapatmenunj
ukanmodal
“wi
l
l”y
ang
ar
ti
nyamau/
sedi
a/akan.
Payat
tent
iont
othest
ruct
urebel
ow:

Subj
ect + wi
ll + Mai
nVer
b

(
ver
b1)

Subj
ect Auxi
li
aryVer
b Mai
nVer
b Noun

+ He wi
ll Pl
ay pi
ano

- He Wil
lnot Pl
ay pi
ano
(
won’t)

? Wi
ll He Pl
ay pi
ano

Af
tery
oul
ear
nthemat
eri
alabov
e,pl
easedot
het
askbel
ow!

Chooset
her
ightanswer!

1.Mycl
assmat
eJoei
sver
yki
nd.Hewi
l
l…mei
fIhav
edi
ff
icul
tyi
ndoi
ng my
 
  
  
 homework.
a.
helps 
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  b.
hel
p  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 c.hel
ping 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  d.t
ohel
p

2.Al
thoughmyf at
herhasalotofwor ktodo,
he….
a.
won` tcomet omybirt
hdayparty
b.
willnotatt
endt hemeeti
ng
c.
willcometomyschool t
oattendthemeeting
d.
willworkfrom morni
nguntil
ev eni
ng

3.Weny: Whenwi l
lyouvi
sityourgrandpar
ent
sinSi
doar
jo,
Febb?
 Febb   
  
 : ….OnthatdayÌm f
ree.
a.LastSunday
b.Yesterday
c.Twodayago
d.NextSat urday

4.Dike:Don`tgot omyhouset
oni
ghtbecauseI…Ìl
lgot
oSemar
angwi
thmyf
ami
l
y.
Sue : Okay.Isee.
a.
won` tbeathome
b.
wi l
lnotgoany wher
e
c.
willstayathome
d.
wi l
lgonowher e

5.Loi
s:…
Di
tt
 :Byt
rain
a.
Whowillcomet
oyouhouse?
 b.
Wherewil
lyoust
aydur
ingthehol
i
day
?
c.
Whatwil
lyoudoonSunday?
d.
Howwill
yougotoJakart
a?

6.Vi
netta:Whatwil
lyourparent
sdowheny
ougett
hef
ir
str
ank,
Sher
ly?
Sherl
y 
 :Theywil
l….
a.
givi
ngapresent
b.
totakemet oBal
i
c.
let
smegot oSafariParkwit
hthem
d.
buymeanewhand- phone

Ar
ranget
hesej
umbl
edwor
dsi
ntogoodsent
ences!

7.wi
l
l– 
The 
–si
ng–boy–l
i
ttl
e– some–popsongs

8.y
our–br
other–bi
cycl
e–y
ounger–r
ide–a–?– 
wil
l

9.wi
l
l–t
o–go– 
wit
h –Bal
i–whom –y
ou–?

10. hav
e–i
f–wi
l
l– 
I 
–buy–bag–new–money–a-
I

11. come–par
ty–her– 
wil
l
 –i
f–i
nvi
tes–she–y
ou–?–t
o