Biomolecules

I. What are Biomolecules?

- Large organic molecules necessary for life
- Found in bodies and cells of living organisms
- Also known as macromolecules
- Organic - mainly contains carbon
- Has relatively large size
- Known as polymers
- Compose of repeating units or monomers

II. Classification of Biomolecules

Biomolecule (Polymer) Example Sub-unit/s (Monomer/s)

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide Monosacchride

Lipids Fat Glycerol and fatty acids

Proteins Polypeptide Amino acids

Nucleic Acids DNA Nucleotide

III. Proteins
- Organic compound composed of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S.
- Amino acids is the fundamental building block of proteins
- Peptide bond is the link between amino acids
- Amino acids are compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group, and a side
chain (R).

1. Dehydration synthesis of Proteins

- It is the removal of water and formation of bond between atoms of two monomer molecules
- Joining two monomers together results to dehydration synthesis
- For every 2 amino acids joined together, 1 water molecule is released
- The number of amino acids - 1
- In dehydration synthesis of proteins, water molecules and polypeptide chains would be formed
2. Types of Proteins

Fibrous Proteins

Insoluble in water

Main structural

Components of the body

Examples: collagen, actin, and keratin

3. Protein Functions

4.

IV.