number name symbol name_symbopronunciatio appearance atomic_numbgroup_block

1 Hydrogen H hydrogen, H /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/colorless gas 1 group 1, s-bl

2 Helium He helium, He /ˈhiːliəm/, H colorless gas, 2 group 18 (nob
3 Lithium Li lithium, Li /ˈlɪθiəm/, LI silvery-white 3 group 1 (alkal
4 Beryllium Be beryllium, Be/bəˈrɪliəm/, white-gray me 4 group 2 (alkal
5 Boron B boron, B /ˈbɔərɒn/ black-brown 5 group 13, p-b
6 Carbon C carbon, C /ˈkɑːrbən/, K graphite: bla 6 group 14 (car
7 Nitrogen N nitrogen, N /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/colorless gas, 7 group 15 (pni
8 Oxygen O oxygen, O /ˈɒksᵻdʒən/, gas: colorless
/ˈflʊəriːn/, /ˈflʊərɪn/,
liquid: bright
/ˈflɔəriːn/
yellow 8 group 16 (cha
9 Fluorine F fluorine, F FLOOR-een, FLOOR-in,
solid: alpha
FLOHR-een
is opaque, beta
9 group
is transparent
17 (hal
10 Neon Ne neon, Ne /ˈniːɒn/ colorless gas 10 group 18 (nob
11 Sodium Na sodium, Na /ˈsoʊdiəm/, silvery white 11 group 1 (alkal
12 Magnesium Mg magnesium, /mæɡˈniːziəmshiny grey sol 12 group 2 (alkal
13 Aluminum Al aluminium, AlUK i/ˌæljᵿˈm silvery gray m 13 group 13, p-b
14 Silicon Si silicon, Si /ˈsɪlᵻkən/ or crystalline, r 14 group 14 (car
15 Phosphorus P phosphorus, /ˈfɒsfərəs/, F colourless, wa 15 group 15 (pni
16 Sulfur S sulfur, S /ˈsʌlfər/, SUL lemon yellow 16 group 16 (cha
17 Chlorine Cl chlorine, Cl /ˈklɔəriːn/ o pale yellow-g 17 group 17 (hal
18 Argon Ar argon, Ar /ˈɑːrɡɒn/, ARcolorless gas 18 group 18 (nob
19 Potassium K potassium, K /poʊˈtæsiəm/silvery gray 19 group 1 (alkal
20 Calcium Ca calcium, Ca /ˈkælsiəm/, dull gray, silv 20 group 2 (alkal
21 Scandium Sc scandium, Sc /ˈskændiəm/ silvery white 21 group 3, d-bl
22 Titanium Ti titanium, Ti /taɪˈteɪniəm/ silvery grey-w 22 group 4, d-bl
23 Vanadium V vanadium, V /vəˈneɪdiəm/blue-silver-g 23 group 5, d-bl
24 Chromium Cr chromium, Cr/ˈkroʊmiəm/ silvery metall 24 group 6, d-bl
25 Manganese Mn manganese, /ˈmæŋɡəniːz/silvery metall 25 group 7, d-bl
26 Iron Fe iron, Fe /ˈaɪ.ərn/, EYElustrous metal 26 group 8, d-bl
27 Cobalt Co cobalt, Co /ˈkoʊbɒlt/, K hard lustrous 27 group 9, d-bl
28 Nickel Ni nickel, Ni /ˈnɪkəl/, NIK-əlustrous, meta 28 group 10, d-b
29 Copper Cu copper, Cu /ˈkɒpər/, KOPred-orange me 29 group 11, d-b
30 Zinc Zn zinc, Zn /ˈzɪŋk/, ZING silver-gray 30 group 12, d-b
31 Gallium Ga gallium, Ga /ˈɡæliəm/, G silvery blue 31 group 13, p-b
32 Germanium Ge germanium, /dʒərˈmeɪniə grayish-white 32 group 14 (car
/ˈɑːrsᵻnɪk/, also /ɑːrˈsɛnɪk/ when attributive
33 Arsenic As arsenic, As AR-sə-nik, ar-SEN-ik
metallic grey 33 group 15 (pni
34 Selenium Se selenium, Se /sᵻˈliːniəm/, black, red, an 34 group 16 (cha
35 Bromine Br bromine, Br /ˈbroʊmiːn/ reddish-brow 35 group 17 (hal
36 Krypton Kr krypton, Kr /ˈkrɪptɒn/, K colorless gas, 36 group 18 (nob
37 Rubidium Rb rubidium, Rb /rᵿˈbɪdiəm/, grey white 37 group 1 (alkal
38 Strontium Sr strontium, Sr /ˈstrɒnʃⁱəm/ silvery white 38 group 2 (alkal
39 Yttrium Y yttrium, Y /ˈɪtriəm/, IT- silvery white 39 group 3, d-bl
40 Zirconium Zr zirconium, Zr /zərˈkoʊniəmsilvery white 40 group 4, d-bl
41 Niobium Nb niobium, Nb /naɪˈoʊbiəm/gray metallic 41 group 5, d-bl
42 MolybdenumMo molybdenum,/ˌmɒlɪbˈdiːn gray metallic 42 group 6, d-bl
43 Technetium Tc technetium, /tɛkˈniːʃiəm/ shiny gray me 43 group 7, d-bl
44 Ruthenium Ru ruthenium, R/ruːˈθiːniəm silvery white 44 group 8, d-bl
45 Rhodium Rh rhodium, Rh /ˈroʊdiəm/, silvery white 45 group 9, d-bl
46 Palladium Pd palladium, Pd/pəˈleɪdiəm/ silvery white 46 group 10, d-b
47 Silver Ag silver, Ag /ˈsɪlvər/, SIL- lustrous whit 47 group 11, d-b
48 Cadmium Cd cadmium, Cd/ˈkædmiəm/,silvery bluish 48 group 12, d-b
49 Indium In indium, In /ˈɪndiəm/, I silvery lustro 49 group 13, p-b
50 Tin Sn tin, Sn /ˈtɪn/, TIN silvery-white
UK /ˈæntᵻməni/, AN-ti-mə-nee 50 group 14 (car
51 Antimony Sb antimony, Sb US /ˈæntᵻmoʊni/, silvery
AN-ti-moh-nee
lustro 51 group 15 (pni
52 Tellurium Te tellurium, Te /tᵻˈlʲʊəriəm/ silvery lustr
/ˈaɪ.ədaɪn/, /ˈaɪ.ədᵻn/, or /ˈaɪ.ədiːn/ 52 group 16 (cha
53 Iodine I iodine, I lustrous metal
EYE-ə-dyn, EYE-ə-dən, or EYE-ə-deen 53 group 17 (hal
54 Xenon Xe xenon, Xe /ˈzɛnɒn/ or / colorless gas, 54 group 18 (nob
55 Cesium Cs caesium, Cs /ˈsiːziəm/, S pale gold 55 group 1 (alkal
56 Barium Ba barium, Ba /ˈbɛriəm/, B silvery gray; 56 group 2 (alkal
57 Lanthanum La lanthanum, L/ˈlænθənəm/silvery white 57 group n/a, f-
58 Cerium Ce cerium, Ce /ˈsɪəriəm/ silvery white 58 group n/a, f-
59 PraseodymiuPr praseodymium /preɪziːəˈdɪm grayish white 59 group n/a, f-
60 Neodymium Nd neodymium, /ˌniː.oʊˈdɪm silvery white 60 group n/a, f-
61 Promethium Pm promethium,/proʊˈmiːθiə metallic 61 group n/a, f-
62 Samarium Sm samarium, S /səˈmɛəriəm/silvery white 62 group n/a, f-
63 Europium Eu europium, Eu/jʊˈroʊpiəm/silvery white, 63 group n/a, f-
64 Gadolinium Gd gadolinium, /ˌɡædəˈlɪniə silvery white 64 group n/a, f-
65 Terbium Tb terbium, Tb /ˈtɜːrbiəm/, silvery white 65 group n/a, f-
66 Dysprosium Dy dysprosium, /dɪsˈproʊziə silvery white 66 group n/a, f-
67 Holmium Ho holmium, Ho /ˈhoʊlmiəm/ silvery white 67 group n/a, f-
68 Erbium Er erbium, Er /ˈɜːrbiəm/, silvery white 68 group n/a, f-
69 Thulium Tm thulium, Tm /ˈθjuːliəm/ o silvery gray 69 group n/a, f-
70 Ytterbium Yb ytterbium, Yb/ᵻˈtɜːrbiəm/, silvery white; 70 group n/a, f-
71 Lutetium Lu lutetium, Lu /ljuːˈtiːʃiəm silvery white 71 group n/a, d-
72 Hafnium Hf hafnium, Hf /ˈhæfniəm/, steel gray 72 group 4, d-bl
73 Tantalum Ta tantalum, Ta /ˈtæntələm/, gray blue 73 group 5, d-bl
74 Tungsten W tungsten, W /ˈtʌŋstən/; grayish white, 74 group 6, d-bl
75 Rhenium Re rhenium, Re /ˈriːniəm/, R silvery-grayis 75 group 7, d-bl
76 Osmium Os osmium, Os /ˈɒzmiəm/, silvery, blue 76 group 8, d-bl
77 Iridium Ir iridium, Ir /ᵻˈrɪdiəm/, i silvery white 77 group 9, d-bl
78 Platinum Pt platinum, Pt /ˈplætᵻnəm/, silvery white 78 group 10, d-b
79 Gold Au gold, Au /ˈɡoʊld/, GO metallic yell 79 group 11, d-b
80 Mercury Hg mercury, Hg /ˈmɜːrkjəri/, silvery 80 group 12, d-b
81 Thallium Tl thallium, Tl /ˈθæliəm/, T silvery white 81 group 13, p-b
82 Lead Pb lead, Pb /ˈlɛd/, LED metallic gray 82 group 14 (car
83 Bismuth Bi bismuth, Bi /ˈbɪzməθ/, B lustrous brow 83 group 15 (pni
84 Polonium Po polonium, Po/poʊˈloʊniəmsilvery 84 group 16 (cha
85 Astatine At astatine, At /ˈæstətiːn/ orunknown, pro 85 group 17 (hal
 86 Radon Rn radon, Rn /ˈreɪdɒn/ RA colorless gas, 86 group 18 (nob
87 Francium Fr francium, Fr /ˈfrænsiəm/, FRAN-see-əm 87 group 1 (alkal
88 Radium Ra radium, Ra /ˈreɪdiəm/, silvery white 88 group 2 (alkal
89 Actinium Ac actinium, Ac /ækˈtɪniəm/, silvery-white 89 group n/a, f-
90 Thorium Th thorium, Th /ˈθɔəriəm/, silvery, often 90 group n/a, f-
91 Protactinium Pa protactinium,/ˌproʊtækˈtɪ bright, silvery 91 group n/a, f-
92 Uranium U uranium, U /jʊˈreɪniəm/ silveryUS
UK /nɛpˈtjuːniəm/, gray m
/nɛpˈtuːniəm/ 92 group n/a, f-
93 Neptunium Np neptunium, Nnep-TEW-nee-əm, silverynep-TOO-nee-əm
metall 93 group n/a, f-
94 Plutonium Pu plutonium, P /pluːˈtoʊniə silvery white, 94 group n/a, f-
95 Americium Am americium, /ˌæməˈrɪsiəmsilvery white 95 group n/a, f-
96 Curium Cm curium, Cm /ˈkjʊəriəm/, silvery metall 96 group n/a, f-
97 Berkelium Bk berkelium, Bk/bərˈkiːli.əm silvery 97 group n/a, f-
98 Californium Cf californium, C/ˌkælᵻˈfɔːrni silvery 98 group n/a, f-
99 Einsteinium Es einsteinium, /aɪnˈstaɪniəmsilvery; glows 99 group n/a, f-
100 Fermium Fm fermium, Fm /ˈfɜːrmiəm/, FER-mee-əm 100 group n/a, f-
101 MendeleviumMd mendelevium/ˌmɛndəˈlɛviəm/ or /ˌmɛnd 101 group n/a, f-
102 Nobelium No nobelium, Noi/noʊˈbɛliəm/ or /noʊˈbiː 102 group n/a, f-
103 Lawrencium Lr lawrencium, Li/ləˈrɛnsiəm/ silvery (predi 103 group n/a, d-
105 Dubnium Db dubnium, Db i/ˈduːbniəm/, DOOB-nee- 105 group 5, d-bl
106 Seaborgium Sg seaborgium, i/siːˈbɔːrɡiəm/, see-BOR- 106 group 6, d-bl
107 Bohrium Bh bohrium, Bh i/ˈbɔəriəm/ 107 group 7, d-bl
108 Hassium Hs hassium, Hs i/ˈhæsiəm/, silvery (predi 108 group 8, d-bl
109 Meitnerium Mt meitnerium, /maɪtˈnɪəriəm/ or /ˈmaɪt 109 group 9, d-bl
110 Darmstadtiu Ds darmstadtiumi/dɑːrmˈʃtɑːtiəm/, darm- 110 group 10, d-b
111 RoentgeniumRg roentgenium,i/rʌntˈɡɛniə silvery (predi 111 group 11, d-b
112 Ununbium Uub copernicium,/koʊpərˈnɪsiəm/, koe-pər- 112 group 12, d-b
113 Ununtrium Uut ununtrium, Ui/uːnuːnˈtraɪəm/, oon-oon 113 group 13, p-b
114 Ununquadiu Uuq flerovium, Fl /flᵻˈroʊviəm/, fli-ROH-vee 114 group 14 (car
115 UnunpentiumUup ununpentiumi/uːnuːnˈpɛntiəm/, oon-o 115 group 15 (pni
116 Ununhexium Uuh livermorium, /ˌlɪvərˈmɔəriəm/, LIV-ər 116 group 16 (cha
117 UnunseptiumUus ununseptium,i/uːnuːnˈsɛp semimetallic 117 group 17, p-b
118 Ununoctium Uuo ununoctium, i/uːn.uːnˈɒktiəm/, oon-oo 118 group 18, p-b
period element_cateatomic_weighelectron_confper_shell color phase melting_poin
1 diatomic non1.008 (1.007 1s1 1 colorless gas 13.99 K (−259
1 noble gas 4.002602(2) 1s2 2 gas 0.95 K (−272.
2 alkali metal 6.94 (6.938–6[He] 2s1 2, 1 solid 453.65 K (180
2 alkaline eart 9.0121831(5)[He] 2s2 2, 2 solid 1560 K (1287
2 metalloid 10.81 (10.80 [He] 2s2 2p1 2, 3 solid 2349 K (2076
2 polyatomic n 12.011 (12.0 [He] 2s2 2p2 2, 4 solid
2 diatomic non14.007 (14.0 [He] 2s2 2p3 2, 5 gas 63.15 K (−210
2 diatomic non15.999 (15.9 [He] 2s2 2p4 2, 6 gas 54.36 K (−218
2 diatomic non18.998403163[He] 2s2 2p5 2, 7 gas 53.48 K (−219
2 noble gas 20.1797(6) [He] 2s2 2p6 2, 8 gas 24.56 K (−248
3 alkali metal 22.98976928([Ne] 3s1 2, 8, 1 solid 370.944 K (97
3 alkaline eart 24.305 (24.3 [Ne] 3s2 2, 8, 2 solid 923 K (650 °C
3 post-transiti 26.9815385(7[Ne] 3s2 3p1 2, 8, 3 solid 933.47 K (660
3 metalloid 28.085 (28.0 [Ne] 3s2 3p2 2, 8, 4 solid 1687 K (1414
3 polyatomic n 30.973761998[Ne] 3s2 3p3 2, 8, 5 solid
3 polyatomic n 32.06 (32.05 [Ne] 3s2 3p4 2, 8, 6 solid 388.36 K (115
3 diatomic non35.45 (35.44 [Ne] 3s2 3p5 2, 8, 7 gas 171.6 K (−101
3 noble gas 39.948(1) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 2, 8, 8 gas 83.81 K (−189
4 alkali metal 39.0983(1) [Ar] 4s1 2, 8, 8, 1 solid 336.7 K (63.5
4 alkaline eart 40.078(4) [Ar] 4s2 2, 8, 8, 2 solid 1115 K (842 °
4 transition me44.955908(5)[Ar] 3d1 4s2 2, 8, 9, 2 solid 1814 K (1541
4 transition me47.867(1) [Ar] 3d2 4s2 2, 8, 10, 2 solid 1941 K (1668
4 transition me50.9415(1) [Ar] 3d3 4s2 2, 8, 11, 2 solid 2183 K (1910
4 transition me51.9961(6) [Ar] 3d5 4s1 2, 8, 13, 1 solid 2180 K (1907
4 transition me54.938044(3)[Ar] 3d5 4s2 2, 8, 13, 2 solid 1519 K (1246
4 transition me55.845(2) [Ar] 3d6 4s2 2, 8, 14, 2 solid 1811 K (1538
4 transition me58.933194(4)[Ar] 3d7 4s2 2, 8, 15, 2 metallic gray solid 1768 K (1495
4 transition me58.6934(4) [Ar] 3d8 4s2 o2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1 solid 1728 K (1455
4 transition me63.546(3) [Ar] 3d10 4s12, 8, 18, 1 solid 1357.77 K (10
4 transition met65.38(2) [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 2 solid 692.68 K (419
4 post-transiti 69.723(1) [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 3 solid 302.9146 K (2
4 metalloid 72.630(8) [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 4 solid 1211.40 K (93
4 metalloid 74.921595(6)[Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 5 solid
4 polyatomic n 78.971(8) [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 6 solid 494 K (221 °C,
4 diatomic non79.904 (79.9 [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 7 liquid 265.8 K (−7.2
4 noble gas 83.798(2) [Ar] 3d10 4s22, 8, 18, 8 gas 115.78 K (−15
5 alkali metal 85.4678(3) [Kr] 5s1 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 solid 312.45 K (39.
5 alkaline eart 87.62(1) [Kr] 5s2 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 solid 1050 K (777 °
5 transition me88.90584(2) [Kr] 4d1 5s2 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 solid 1799 K (1526
5 transition me91.224(2) [Kr] 4d2 5s2 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 solid 2128 K (1855
5 transition me92.90637(2) [Kr] 4d4 5s1 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 solid 2750 K (2477
5 transition me95.95(1) [Kr] 4d5 5s1 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 solid 2896 K (2623
5 transition me[98] [Kr] 4d5 5s2 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 solid 2430 K (2157
5 transition me101.07(2) [Kr] 4d7 5s1 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 2607 K (2334
5 transition me102.90550(2)[Kr] 4d8 5s1 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 solid 2237 K (1964
5 transition me106.42(1) [Kr] 4d10 2, 8, 18, 18 solid 1828.05 K (15
5 transition me107.8682(2) [Kr] 4d10 5s12, 8, 18, 18, 1 solid 1234.93 K (96
5 transition met112.414(4) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 2 solid 594.22 K (321
5 post-transiti 114.818(1) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 3 solid 429.7485 K (1
5 post-transiti 118.710(7) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 4 solid 505.08 K (231
5 metalloid 121.760(1) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 5 solid 903.78 K (630
5 metalloid 127.60(3) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 6 solid 722.66 K (449
5 diatomic non126.90447(3)[Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 7 solid 386.85 K (113
5 noble gas 131.293(6) [Kr] 4d10 5s22, 8, 18, 18, 8 gas 161.40 K (−11
6 alkali metal 132.90545196[Xe] 6s1 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 solid 301.7 K (28.5
6 alkaline eart 137.327(7) [Xe] 6s2 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 solid 1000 K (727 °
6 lanthanide, s 138.90547(7)[Xe] 5d1 6s2 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 solid 1193 K (920 °
6 lanthanide 140.116(1) [Xe] 4f1 5d1 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 solid 1068 K (795 °
6 lanthanide 140.90766(2)[Xe] 4f3 6s2 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 solid 1208 K (935 °
6 lanthanide 144.242(3) [Xe] 4f4 6s2 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 solid 1297 K (1024
6 lanthanide [145] [Xe] 4f5 6s2 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 solid 1315 K (1042
6 lanthanide 150.36(2) [Xe] 4f6 6s2 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 solid 1345 K (1072
6 lanthanide 151.964(1) [Xe] 4f7 6s2 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 solid 1099 K (826 °
6 lanthanide 157.25(3) [Xe] 4f7 5d1 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 solid 1585 K (1312
6 lanthanide 158.92535(2)[Xe] 4f9 6s2 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 solid 1629 K (1356
6 lanthanide 162.500(1) [Xe] 4f10 6s22, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 solid 1680 K (1407
6 lanthanide 164.93033(2)[Xe] 4f11 6s22, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 solid 1734 K (1461
6 lanthanide 167.259(3) [Xe] 4f12 6s22, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 solid 1802 K (1529
6 lanthanide 168.93422(2)[Xe] 4f13 6s22, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 solid 1818 K (1545
6 lanthanide 173.045(10) [Xe] 4f14 6s22, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 solid 1097 K (824 °
6 lanthanide, s 174.9668(1) [Xe] 6s2 4f142, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 solid 1925 K (1652
6 transition me178.49(2) [Xe] 4f14 5d22, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 solid 2506 K (2233
6 transition me180.94788(2)[Xe] 4f14 5d32, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 solid 3290 K (3017
6 transition me183.84(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d42, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 solid 3695 K (3422
6 transition me186.207(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d52, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 solid 3459 K (3186
6 transition me190.23(3) [Xe] 4f14 5d62, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 solid 3306 K (3033
6 transition me192.217(3) [Xe] 4f14 5d72, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 solid 2719 K (2446
6 transition me195.084(9) [Xe] 4f14 5d92, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 solid 2041.4 K (176
6 transition me196.966569(5[Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 solid 1337.33 K (10
6 transition met200.592(3) [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 liquid 234.3210 K (−
6 post-transiti 204.38 (204. [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 solid 577 K (304 °C,
6 post-transiti 207.2(1) [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 solid 600.61 K (327
6 post-transiti 208.98040(1)[Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 solid 544.7 K (271.5
6 post-transitio(209) [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 solid 527 K (254 °C,
6 metalloid, so (210) [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 solid 575 K (302 °C,
6 noble gas (222) [Xe] 4f14 5d12, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 gas 202 K (−71 °C,
7 alkali metal (223) [Rn] 7s1 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 solid presuma? 300 K (30 °C
7 alkaline eart (226) [Rn] 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 solid 973 K (700 °C
7 actinide, som(227) [Rn] 6d1 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 solid 1500 K (1227
7 actinide 232.0377(4) [Rn] 6d2 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 solid 2023 K (1750
7 actinide 231.03588(2)[Rn] 5f2 6d1 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 solid 1841 K (1568
7 actinide 238.02891(3)[Rn] 5f3 6d1 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 solid 1405.3 K (113
7 actinide (237) [Rn] 5f4 6d1 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 solid 912±3 K (639±
7 actinide (244) [Rn] 5f6 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 solid 912.5 K (639.4
7 actinide (243) [Rn] 5f7 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 solid 1449 K (1176
7 actinide (247) [Rn] 5f7 6d1 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 solid 1613 K (1340
7 actinide (247) [Rn] 5f9 7s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 solid beta: 1259 K
7 actinide (251) [Rn] 5f10 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 solid 1173 K (900 °
7 actinide (252) [Rn] 5f11 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 solid 1133 K (860 °
7 actinide (257) [Rn] 5f12 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 solid (predict1800 K (1527 °C, 2781 °F) (predic
7 actinide (258) [Rn] 5f13 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 solid (predict1100 K (827 °C, 1521 °F) (predict
7 actinide [259] [Rn] 5f14 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 solid (predict1100 K (827 °C, 1521 °F) (predict
7 actinide, som[266] [Rn] 5f14 7s22, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3 solid (predict1900 K (1627 °C, 2961 °F) (predic
7 transition me[268] [Rn] 5f14 6d32, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 solid (predicted)
7 transition me[269] [Rn] 5f14 6d42, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 solid (predicted)
7 transition me[270] [Rn] 5f14 6d52, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 solid (predicted)
7 transition me[269] [Rn] 5f14 6d62, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 solid (predicted)
7 unknown, but[278] [Rn] 5f14 6d72, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (predsolid (predicted)
7 unknown, but[281] [Rn] 5f14 6d82, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (predsolid (predicted)
7 unknown, but[282] [Rn] 5f14 6d92, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2 (predsolid (predicted)
7 transition met[285] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (predgas (predicted)
7 unknown, but[286] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (predsolid (predict700 K (430 °C,
7 post-transiti [289] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 (predsolid (predict340 K (67 °C,
7 unknown, but[289] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 (predsolid (predict670 K (400 °C,
7 unknown, but[293] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 (predsolid (predict637–780 K (36
7 unknown, but[294] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 (predsolid (predict623–823 K (35
7 unknown, but[294] [Rn] 5f14 6d12, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (predsolid (predicted)
boiling_pointdensity_at_stwhen_liquid when_liquid_triple_point critical_pointheat_of_fusi heat_of_vapo
20.271 K (−250.08988 g/L 0.07 g/cm3 (s0.07099 g/cm13.8033 K, 7. 32.938 K, 1. (H2) 0.117 kJ (H2) 0.904 kJ
4.222 K (−2680.1786 g/L 0.145 g/cm3 0.125 g/cm3 2.177 K, 5.04 5.1953 K, 0. 0.0138 kJ/mo0.0829 kJ/mo
1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) 0.512 g/cm3
2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) 1.690 g/cm3
4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
77.355 K (−191.251 g/L
90.188 K (−181.429 g/L
85.03 K (−1881.696 g/L
27.104 K (−240.9002 g/L
1156.090 K (882.940 °C, 160.927 g/cm3
1363 K (1091 °C, 1994 °F) 1.584 g/cm3
2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) 2.375 g/cm3
3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) 2.57 g/cm3
717.8 K (444.6 °C, 832.3 °F1.819 g/cm3
239.11 K (−343.2 g/L
87.302 K (−181.784 g/L
1032 K (759 °C, 1398 °F) 0.828 g/cm3
1757 K (1484 °C, 2703 °F) 1.378 g/cm3
3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F) 2.80 g/cm3
3560 K (3287 °C, 5949 °F) 4.11 g/cm3
3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) 5.5 g/cm3
2944 K (2671 °C, 4840 °F) 6.3 g/cm3
2334 K (2061 °C, 3742 °F) 5.95 g/cm3
3134 K (2862 °C, 5182 °F) 6.98 g/cm3
3200 K (2927 °C, 5301 °F) 8.86 g/cm3
3003 K (2730 °C, 4946 °F) 7.81 g/cm3
2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) 8.02 g/cm3
1180 K (907 °C, 1665 °F) 6.57 g/cm3
2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F) 6.095 g/cm3
3106 K (2833 °C, 5131 °F) 5.60 g/cm3
5.22 g/cm3
958 K (685 °C, 1265 °F) 3.99 g/cm3
332.0 K (58.8 °C, 137.8 °F)
119.93 K (−153.749 g/L
961 K (688 °C, 1270 °F) 1.46 g/cm3
1650 K (1377 °C, 2511 °F) 2.375 g/cm3
3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F) 4.24 g/cm3
4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F) 5.8 g/cm3
5017 K (4744 °C, 8571 °F)
4912 K (4639 °C, 8382 °F) 9.33 g/cm3
3220 K, 67 MP3.00 kJ/mol 136 kJ/mol
5205 K, MPa 12.2 kJ/mol 292 kJ/mol
50.2 kJ/mol 508 kJ/mol
4600 K, 10,800 kPa graphite: 117 kJ/mol
0.808 g/cm3 63.151 K, 12. 126.192 K, 3 (N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
1.141 g/cm3 54.361 K, 0.1 154.581 K, 5 (O2) 0.444 kJ (O2) 6.82 kJ/
1.505 g/cm3 53.48 K, 90 k 144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa 6.51 kJ/mol
1.207 g/cm3 24.556 K, 43. 44.4918 K, 2 0.335 kJ/mol 1.71 kJ/mol
2573 K, 35 MP2.60 kJ/mol 97.42 kJ/mol
8.48 kJ/mol 128 kJ/mol
10.71 kJ/mol 284 kJ/mol
50.21 kJ/mol 383 kJ/mol
white: 0.66 kJ/mol
1314 K, 20.7 mono: 1.727 mono: 45 kJ/
1.5625 g/cm3 416.9 K, 7.9 (Cl2) 6.406 kJ/mol
1.3954 g/cm383.8058 K, 68150.687 K, 4 1.18 kJ/mol 6.53 kJ/mol
2223 K, 16 M2.33 kJ/mol 76.9 kJ/mol
8.54 kJ/mol 154.7 kJ/mol
14.1 kJ/mol 332.7 kJ/mol
14.15 kJ/mol 425 kJ/mol
21.5 kJ/mol 444 kJ/mol
21.0 kJ/mol 347 kJ/mol
12.91 kJ/mol 221 kJ/mol
13.81 kJ/mol 340 kJ/mol
16.06 kJ/mol 377 kJ/mol
17.48 kJ/mol 379 kJ/mol
13.26 kJ/mol 300.4 kJ/mol
7.32 kJ/mol 115 kJ/mol
5.59 kJ/mol 256 kJ/mol
36.94 kJ/mol 334 kJ/mol
1090 K, 3628 1673 K, ? MPgrey: 24.44 k 34.76 kJ/mol
1766 K, 27.2 gray: 6.69 kJ 95.48 kJ/mol
265.90 K, 5.8 588 K, 10.34 (Br2) 10.571 kJ/mol
2.413 g/cm3 115.775 K, 73209.48 K, 5. 1.64 kJ/mol 9.08 kJ/mol
312.41 K, ? k 2093 K, 16 MP2.19 kJ/mol 69 kJ/mol
7.43 kJ/mol 141 kJ/mol
11.42 kJ/mol 363 kJ/mol
14 kJ/mol 591 kJ/mol
30 kJ/mol 689.9 kJ/mol
37.48 kJ/mol 598 kJ/mol
4538 K (4265 °C, 7709 °F)
4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) 10.65 g/cm3
3968 K (3695 °C, 6683 °F) 10.7 g/cm3
3236 K (2963 °C, 5365 °F) 10.38 g/cm3
2435 K (2162 °C, 3924 °F) 9.320 g/cm3
1040 K (767 °C, 1413 °F) 7.996 g/cm3
2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F) 7.02 g/cm3
2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F) 6.99 g/cm3
1908 K (1635 °C, 2975 °F) 6.53 g/cm3
1261 K (988 °C, 1810 °F) 5.70 g/cm3
457.4 K (184.3 °C, 363.7 °F)
165.051 K (−15.894 g/L
944 K (671 °C, 1240 °F) 1.843 g/cm3
2118 K (1845 °C, 3353 °F) 3.338 g/cm3
3737 K (3464 °C, 6267 °F) 5.94 g/cm3
3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) 6.55 g/cm3
3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F) 6.50 g/cm3
3347 K (3074 °C, 5565 °F) 6.89 g/cm3
3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F)
2173 K (1900 °C, 3452 °F) 7.16 g/cm3
1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F) 5.13 g/cm3
3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) 7.4 g/cm3
3396 K (3123 °C, 5653 °F) 7.65 g/cm3
2840 K (2562 °C, 4653 °F) 8.37 g/cm3
2873 K (2600 °C, 4712 °F) 8.34 g/cm3
3141 K (2868 °C, 5194 °F) 8.86 g/cm3
2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) 8.56 g/cm3
1469 K (1196 °C, 2185 °F) 6.21 g/cm3
3675 K (3402 °C, 6156 °F) 9.3 g/cm3
4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) 12 g/cm3
5731 K (5458 °C, 9856 °F) 15 g/cm3
6203 K (5930 °C, 10,706 °F17.6 g/cm3
5903 K (5630 °C, 10,170 °F18.9 g/cm3
5285 K (5012 °C, 9054 °F) 20 g/cm3
4403 K (4130 °C, 7466 °F) 19 g/cm3
4098 K (3825 °C, 6917 °F) 19.77 g/cm3
3243 K (2970 °C, 5378 °F) 17.31 g/cm3
629.88 K (356.73 °C, 674.11 °F)
1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F) 11.22 g/cm3
2022 K (1749 °C, 3180 °F) 10.66 g/cm3
1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F) 10.05 g/cm3
1235 K (962 °C, 1764 °F)
610 K (337 °C, 639 °F)
33.29 kJ/mol 585.2 kJ/mol
38.59 kJ/mol 619 kJ/mol
26.59 kJ/mol 493 kJ/mol
16.74 kJ/mol 358 kJ/mol
11.28 kJ/mol 254 kJ/mol
6.21 kJ/mol 99.87 kJ/mol
429.7445 K, ~1 kPa 3.281 kJ/mol 231.8 kJ/mol
white, β: 7.0 white, β: 296
19.79 kJ/mol 193.43 kJ/mo
17.49 kJ/mol 114.1 kJ/mol
386.65 K, 12. 819 K, 11.7 (I2) 15.52 kJ/mol
2.942 g/cm3 161.405 K, 81289.733 K, 5 2.27 kJ/mol 12.64 kJ/mol
1938 K, 9.4 2.09 kJ/mol 63.9 kJ/mol
7.12 kJ/mol 142 kJ/mol
6.20 kJ/mol 400 kJ/mol
5.46 kJ/mol
6.89 kJ/mol 331 kJ/mol
7.14 kJ/mol 289 kJ/mol
7.13 kJ/mol 289 kJ/mol
8.62 kJ/mol 192 kJ/mol
9.21 kJ/mol 176 kJ/mol
10.05 kJ/mol 301.3 kJ/mol
10.15 kJ/mol 391 kJ/mol
11.06 kJ/mol 280 kJ/mol
17.0 kJ/mol 251 kJ/mol
19.90 kJ/mol 280 kJ/mol
16.84 kJ/mol 191 kJ/mol
7.66 kJ/mol 129 kJ/mol
ca. 22 kJ/mol414 kJ/mol
27.2 kJ/mol 648 kJ/mol
36.57 kJ/mol 753 kJ/mol
35.3 kJ/mol 774 kJ/mol
60.43 kJ/mol 704 kJ/mol
31 kJ/mol 378 kJ/mol
41.12 kJ/mol 564 kJ/mol
22.17 kJ/mol 510 kJ/mol
12.55 kJ/mol 342 kJ/mol
234.3156 K, 1750 K, 172. 2.29 kJ/mol 59.11 kJ/mol
4.14 kJ/mol 165 kJ/mol
4.77 kJ/mol 179.5 kJ/mol
11.30 kJ/mol 179 kJ/mol
ca. 13 kJ/mol102.91 kJ/mo
(At2) 54.39 kJ/mol
 211.5 K (−61.79.73 g/L
? 950 K (680 °C, 1300 °F)
2010 K (1737 °C, 3159 °F)
3500±300 K (3200±300 °C, 5800±500 °F) (extrapolated)
5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F)
4300 K (4027 °C, 7280 °F) (?)
4404 K (4131 °C, 7468 °F) 17.3 g/cm3
4447 K (4174 °C, 7545 °F) (extrapolated)
3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F) 16.63 g/cm3
2880 K (2607 °C, 4725 °F) (calculated)
3383 K (3110 °C, 5630 °F)
beta: 2900 K (2627 °C, 4760 °F)
1743 K (1470 °C, 2678 °F) (estimation)
1269 K (996 °C, 1825 °F) (estimated)
1800 K (1527 °C, 2781 °F) (predicted)
1100 K (827 °C, 1521 °F) (predicted)
1100 K (827 °C, 1521 °F) (predicted)
1900 K (1627 °C, 2961 °F) (predicted)
4.4 g/cm3 377 K, 6.28 3.247 kJ/mol 18.10 kJ/mol
8.5 kJ/mol 113 kJ/mol
14 kJ/mol 400 kJ/mol
13.81 kJ/mol
12.34 kJ/mol 481 kJ/mol
9.14 kJ/mol 417.1 kJ/mol
5.19 kJ/mol 336 kJ/mol
2.82 kJ/mol 333.5 kJ/mol
14.39 kJ/mol
13.85 kJ/mol
7.92 kJ/mol (calculated)

−108 °C, 183+202

−194 °F)
1430 K (1130 °C, 2070 °F) (predicted)
420 K (147 °C, 297 °F) (predicted)
~1400 K (~1100 °C, ~2000 °F) (predicted)
1035–1135 K (762–862 °C, 1403–1583 °F) (extrapolated)
883 K (610 °C, 1130 °F) (predicted)
350±30 K (80±30 °C, 170±50 °F) (extrapolated)
7.61 kJ/mol ( 130 kJ/mol (predicted)
38 kJ/mol (predicted)
5.90–5.98 kJ/138 kJ/mol (predicted)
7.61 kJ/mol ( 42 kJ/mol (predicted)
439 K, 6.8 MP23.5 kJ/mol ( 19.4 kJ/mol (extrapolated)
molar_heat_cp_(pa) oxidation_staelectronegatiionization_encovalent_radivan_der_waalcrystal_struc
(H2) 28.836 Jvapor pressure−1, +1 (an amPauling scale:1st: 1312.0 k 31±5 pm 120 pm hexagonal
20.78 J/(mol·vapor pressure 0 Pauling scale 1st: 2372.3 k 28 pm 140 pm hexagonal clo
24.860 J/(molvapor pressure+1 (a stronglyPauling scale:1st: 520.2 kJ 128±7 pm 182 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
16.443 J/(molvapor pressure+2, +1 (an amPauling scale:1st: 899.5 kJ 96±3 pm 153 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
11.087 J/(molvapor pressure3, 2, 1, −1, −5Pauling scale:1st: 800.6 kJ 84±3 pm 192 pm rhombohedral
graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K), +4, +3, +2, +1Pauling scale:1st: 1086.5 k sp3: 77 pm, s170 pm diamond: face-centered d
(N2) 29.124 Jvapour pressur5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale: 3.04 71±1 pm 155 pm hexagonal
(O2) 29.378 Jvapor pressure2, 1, −1, −2 Pauling scale:1st: 1313.9 k 66±2 pm 152 pm cubic
Cp: 31 J/(mol·vapor pressure
−1 (oxidizes Pauling scale:1st: 1681 kJ/ 64 pm 135 pm cubic
20.79 J/(mol·vapor pressure 0 1st: 2080.7 k 58 pm 154 pm face-centered
28.230 J/(molvapor pressure+1, −1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 495.8 kJ 166±9 pm 227 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
24.869 J/(molvapor pressure+2, +1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 737.7 kJ 141±7 pm 173 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.20 J/(mol·vapor pressure+3, +2, +1, − Pauling scale:1st: 577.5 kJ 121±4 pm 184 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
19.789 J/(molv635
apor pressure
4, 3, 2, 1 −1, Pauling scale:1st: 786.5 kJ 111 pm 210 pm face-centered diamond-cu
white: 23.824704 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale: 2.19 107±3 pm 180 pm body-centred cubic (bcc)
22.75 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 999.6 kJ 105±3 pm 180 pm orthorhombic
(Cl2), 33.949 vapour pressur
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale: 3.16 102±4 pm 175 pm orthorhombic
20.85 J/(mol·vapor pressure 0 Pauling scale 1st: 1520.6 k 106±10 pm 188 pm face-centered
29.6 J/(mol·K) +1, −1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 418.8 kJ 203±12 pm 275 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
25.929 J/(molvapor pressure+2, +1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 589.8 kJ 176±10 pm 231 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.52 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (an a Pauling scale:1st: 633.1 kJ 170±7 pm 211 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.060 J/(molvapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, −1 Pauling scale:1st: 658.8 kJ 160±8 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.89 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 650.9 kJ 153±8 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
23.35 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 652.9 kJ 139±5 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
26.32 J/(mol·vapor pressure7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale:1st: 717.3 kJ Low spin: 139±5 pm, High body-centered cubic (bcc)
25.10 J/(mol·vapor pressure−4, −2, −1, +1Pauling scale:1st: 762.5 kJ Low spin: 132±3 pm, High face-centered cubic (fcc)
24.81 J/(mol·vapor pressure−3, −1, +1, +2Pauling scale:1st: 760.4 kJ Low spin: 126±3 pm, High hexagonal close-packed (h
26.07 J/(mol·vapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, −1, Pauling scale:1st: 737.1 kJ 124±4 pm 163 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
24.440 J/(molvapor pressure−2, +1, +2, +3Pauling scale:1st: 745.5 kJ 132±4 pm 140 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.470 J/(molvapor pressure-2, 0, +1, +2 Pauling scale:1st: 906.4 kJ 122±4 pm 139 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.86 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1, −1, − Pauling scale:1st: 578.8 kJ 122±3 pm 187 pm orthorhombic
23.222 J/(molvapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, 0, Pauling scale:1st: 762 kJ/m122 pm 211 pm face-centered diamond-cu
24.64 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 947.0 kJ 119±4 pm 185 pm rhombohedral
25.363 J/(molvapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 941.0 kJ 120±4 pm 190 pm hexagonal
(Br2) 75.69 J/vapour pressur
7, 5, 4, 3, 1, Pauling scale: 2.96 120±3 pm 185 pm orthorhombic
20.95 J/(mol·vapor pressure2, 1, 0 (rare Pauling scale:1st: 1350.8 k 116±4 pm 202 pm face-centered
31.060 J/(molvapor pressure+1, −1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 403 kJ/m220±9 pm 303 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
26.4 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure2, 1 (a strongPauling scale:1st: 549.5 kJ 195±10 pm 249 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
26.53 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a weaPauling scale:1st: 600 kJ/m190±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.36 J/(mol·vapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, −2 Pauling scale:1st: 640.1 kJ 175±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.60 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 652.1 kJ 164±6 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
24.06 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 684.3 kJ 154±5 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
 24.27 J/(mol·vapor pressure7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale:1st: 702 kJ/m147±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.06 J/(mol·vapor pressure-4, -2, 1, 2, 3 Pauling scale:1st: 710.2 kJ 146±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.98 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 719.7 kJ 142±7 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.98 J/(mol·vapor pressure0, +1, +2, +3, Pauling scale:1st: 804.4 kJ 139±6 pm 163 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.350 J/(molvapor pressure−2, −1, 1, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 731.0 kJ 145±5 pm 172 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
26.020 J/(molvapor pressure2, 1, −2 (a mi Pauling scale:1st: 867.8 kJ 144±9 pm 158 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
26.74 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1, −1, − Pauling scale:1st: 558.3 kJ 142±5 pm 193 pm tetragonal
white, β: 27. vapor pressure
4, 3, 2, 1, −1 Pauling scale:1st: 708.6 kJ 139±4 pm 217 pm face-centered diamond-cubi
25.23 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 834 kJ/m139±5 pm 206 pm rhombohedral
25.73 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 869.3 kJ 138±4 pm 206 pm hexagonal
(I2) 54.44 J/( vapour pressur
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale: 2.66 139±3 pm 198 pm orthorhombic
21.01 J/(mol·vapor pressure0, +1, +2, +4, Pauling scale:1st: 1170.4 k 140±9 pm 216 pm face-centered
32.210 J/(mol·K) +1, −1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 375.7 kJ 244±11 pm 343 pm body-centred cubic (bcc)
28.07 J/(mol·vapor pressure+2, +1 (a stroPauling scale:1st: 502.9 kJ 215±11 pm 268 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
27.11 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a str Pauling scale:1st: 538.1 kJ 207±8 pm double hexagonal close-pa
26.94 J/(mol·vapour pressur4, 3, 2, 1 (a mPauling scale: 1.12 204±9 pm face-centred cubic (fcc), γ
27.20 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2 (a mPauling scale:1st: 527 kJ/m203±7 pm double hexagonal close-pa
27.45 J/(mol·vapor pressure+4, +3, +2 (a Pauling scale:1st: 533.1 kJ 201±6 pm double hexagonal close-pa
3, 2 (a mildly Pauling scale:1st: 540 kJ/m199 pm double hexagonal close-pa
29.54 J/(mol·vapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1 (a mPauling scale:1st: 544.5 kJ 198±8 pm rhombohedral
27.66 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a mil Pauling scale:1st: 547.1 kJ 198±6 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
37.03 J/(mol·vapor pressure1, 2, 3 (a mil Pauling scale:1st: 593.4 kJ 196±6 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
28.91 J/(mol·vapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1 (a Pauling scale:1st: 565.8 kJ 194±5 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
27.7 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1 (a Pauling scale:1st: 573.0 kJ 192±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
27.15 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a basiPauling scale:1st: 581.0 kJ 192±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
28.12 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a basiPauling scale:1st: 589.3 kJ 189±6 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
27.03 J/(mol·vapor pressure2, 3 (a basic Pauling scale:1st: 596.7 kJ 190±10 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
26.74 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a basiPauling scale:1st: 603.4 kJ 187±8 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
26.86 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1 (a weaPauling scale:1st: 523.5 kJ 187±8 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.73 J/(mol·vapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, −2 Pauling scale:1st: 658.5 kJ 175±10 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.36 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 761 kJ/m170±8 pm tetragonal, β-Ta
24.27 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 770 kJ/m162±7 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
25.48 J/(mol·vapor pressure7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale:1st: 760 kJ/m151±7 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
24.7 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure8, 7, 6, 5, 4, Pauling scale:1st: 840 kJ/m144±4 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
25.10 J/(mol·vapor pressure−3, −1, 0, 1, 2,Pauling scale:1st: 880 kJ/m141±6 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.86 J/(mol·vapor pressure6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 870 kJ/m136±5 pm 175 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.418 J/(molvapor pressure5, 3, 2, 1, −1 Pauling scale:1st: 890.1 kJ 136±6 pm 166 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
27.983 J/(molvapor pressure2 (mercuric), Pauling scale:1st: 1007.1 k 132±5 pm 155 pm rhombohedra
26.32 J/(mol·vapor pressure3, 2, 1, −1, − Pauling scale:1st: 589.4 kJ 145±7 pm 196 pm hexagonal close-packed (h
26.650 J/(molvapor pressure4, 3, 2, 1, −1 Pauling scale:1st: 715.6 kJ 146±5 pm 202 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
25.52 J/(mol·vapor pressure5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Pauling scale:1st: 703 kJ/m148±4 pm 207 pm rhombohedral
26.4 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure6, 5, 4, 2, −2 Pauling scale:1st: 812.1 kJ 140±4 pm 197 pm rhombohedral, β-Po
At2) 54.39 kJ/mol vapor pressure
−1, +1, +3, +5Pauling scale:1st: 899.003 150 pm 202 pm face-centered cubic (fcc),
 5R/2 = 20.786vapor pressure
6, 2, 0 Pauling scale:1st: 1037 kJ/ 150 pm 220 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
vapor pressure
+1 (a stronglyPauling scale 1st: 393 kJ/m260 pm (extr 348 pm (extr body-centered cubic (bcc),
vapor pressure
2 (expected tPauling scale:1st: 509.3 kJ 221±2 pm 283 pm body-centered cubic (bcc)
27.2 J/(mol·K) 3, 2 (a neutraPauling scale:1st: 499 kJ/m215 pm face-centered cubic (fcc)
26.230 J/(molvapour pressur
4, 3, 2, 1 Pauling scale: 1.3 206±6 pm face-centred cubic (fcc)
2, 3, 4, 5 (a Pauling scale:1st: 568 kJ/m200 pm tetragonal
27.665 J/(molvapor pressure
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Pauling scale:1st: 597.6 kJ 196±7 pm 186 pm orthorhombic
29.46 J/(mol·vapor pressure
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Pauling scale:1st: 604.5 kJ 190±1 pm orthorhombic
35.5 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, Pauling scale:1st: 584.7 kJ 187±1 pm monoclinic
62.7 J/(mol·Kvapor pressure
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, Pauling scale:1st: 578 kJ/m180±6 pm double hexagonal close-pa
vapor pressure
6, 4, 3, 2 (an Pauling scale:1st: 581 kJ/m169±3 pm double hexagonal close-packed
2, 3, 4 Pauling scale:1st: 601 kJ/mol double hexagonal close-pa
2, 3, 4 Pauling scale:1st: 608 kJ/mol double hexagonal close-packed
2, 3, 4 Pauling scale:1st: 619 kJ/mol face-centered cubic (fcc)
2, 3 Pauling scale:1st: 627 kJ/mol (estimated) face-centered cubic (fcc), (predic
2, 3 Pauling scale:1st: 635 kJ/mol (estimated) face-centered cubic (fcc), (predic
2, 3 Pauling scale:1st: 641.6 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1254.3 kJ/mol, 3face-centered cubic (fcc), (predic
3 1st: 478.6 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1428.0 kJ/mol (phexagonal close-packed (hcp), (p
5, (4), (3) (parenthesized o1st: 656.1 kJ/149 pm (estimated) body-centered cubic (bcc) (pred
6, (5), (4), (3), 0 (parenth 1st: 752.6 kJ/143 pm (estimated) body-centered cubic (bcc), (pred
7, (5), (4), (3) (parenthesi 1st: 742.9 kJ/141 pm (estimated) hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (p
8, (6), (5), (4), (3), (2) (p 1st: 733.3 kJ/134 pm (estimated) hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (p
9, 8, 6, 4, 3, 1 (predicted) 1st: 800.8 kJ 129 pm (estimated) face-centered cubic (fcc), (predic
8, 6, 4, 2, 0 (predicted) 1st: 955.2 kJ 128 pm (estimated) body-centered cubic (bcc), (pred
5, 3, 1, −1 (predicted) 1st: 1022.7 k 121 pm (estimated) body-centered cubic (bcc), (pred
4, 2, 1, 0 (predicted) 1st: 1154.9 k 122 pm (predicted) hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (p
130 kJ/mol (predicted) −1, 1, 3, 5 (predicted) 1st: 704.9 kJ 172–180 pm (extrapolated)
38 kJ/mol (predicted) 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 (predicted) 1st: 823.9 kJ 171–177 pm (extrapolated)
138 kJ/mol (predicted) 1, 3 (prediction) 1st: 538.4 kJ 156–158 pm (extrapolated)
42 kJ/mol (predicted) −2, +2, +4 (predicted) 1st: 723.6 kJ 162–166 pm (extrapolated)
−1, +1, +3, +5 (predicted) 1st: 742.9 kJ 156–157 pm (extrapolated)
19.4 kJ/mol (extrapolated) −1, 0, +1, +2, +4, +6 (predi 1st: 839.4 kJ 157 pm (predicted)
 speed_of_so thermal_condmagnetic_ordcas_number discovery named_by iso at_t_(k)
1310 m/s (gas0.1805 W/(m·diamagnetic 1333-74-0 Henry CavendAntoine Lavoiiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 1H, 99.98
972 m/s 0.1513 W/(m·diamagnetic 7440-59-7 Pierre Janssen, Norman Loiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
body-centered cubic (bcc) 84.8 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7439-93-2 Johan August Arfwedson ( iso, NA, half- 797
hexagonal close-packed (h200 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-41-7 Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1 iso, NA, half- 1462
hombohedral 27.4 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-42-8 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac a iso, NA, half 2348
diamond: face-centered d graphite: 11 diamagnetic 7440-44-0 Egyptians and Sumerians ( iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 11C, syn,
353 m/s (gas,25.83×10−3 W diamagnetic 7727-37-9 Daniel RutherJean-Antoine iso, NA, half 37
330 m/s (gas,26.58×10−3 paramagnetic7782-44-7 Carl Wilhelm Antoine Lavoiiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 16O, 99.7
0.02591 W/(mdiamagnetic 7782-41-4 André-Marie Humphry Daviso, NA, half- 38
435 m/s (gas,49.1×10−3 W/diamagnetic 7440-01-9 iso, NA, half 12
body-centered cubic (bcc) 142 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-23-5 iso, NA, half 554
hexagonal close-packed (h156 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7439-95-4 Joseph Black (1755) iso, NA, half 701
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 237 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7429-90-5 Humphry Davy iso, NA, half- 1482
ace-centered diamond-cu149 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-21-3 Thomas Thomiso, NA, half- 1908
body-centred cubic (bcc) white: 0.236 white, red, viwhite: 12185-Hennig Brand (1669) iso, NA, half- 455
orthorhombic 0.205 W/(m·Kdiamagnetic 7704-34-9 Chinese (before 2000 BCE)iso, NA, half- 375
206 m/s (gas,8.9×10−3 W/(diamagnetic 7782-50-5 iso, NA, half- 128
323 m/s (gas,17.72×10−3 diamagnetic 7440-37-1 iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 36Ar, 0.3
body-centered cubic (bcc) 102.5 W/(m·Kparamagnetic7440-09-7 iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 39K, 93.2
4.274
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 201 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-70-2 48Ti
0.9, 1.3, 1.0 864
hexagonal close-packed (h15.8 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-20-2 –5.18% 1645
hexagonal close-packed (h21.9 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-32-6 William GregoMartin Heinri50Ti is stable with 28 1982 neutrons
body-centered cubic (bcc) 30.7 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-62-2 Andrés Manuel Nils Gabriel iso, NA, half- 2101
body-centered cubic (bcc) 93.9 W/(m·K)antiferromagn7440-47-3 iso,
100% NA, half- 1656
body-centered cubic (bcc) 7.81 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7439-96-5 Torbern Olof Bergman (17 55Mn is stable with 30 1228
neutrons
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 80.4 W/(m·K)ferromagneti7439-89-6 before 5000 BC iso,
2.824NA, half 1728
hexagonal close-packed (h100 W/(m·K) ferromagneti7440-48-4 Georg Brandt (1732) 60Ni 1790
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 90.9 W/(m·K)ferromagneti7440-02-0 iso, NA, half 1783
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 401 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-50-8 Middle East (9000 BCE) iso, NA, half- 1509
hexagonal close-packed (h116 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-66-6 Indian metallurgists (befo iso, NA, half 610
orthorhombic 40.6 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-55-3 iso, NA, half 1310
ace-centered diamond-cu60.2 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-56-4 Clemens Winkler (1886) iso, 100% NA, half 1644
hombohedral 50.2 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-38-2 Early Bronze Age (2500 BC 75As
2.995is stable with 42 neutrons
553
amorphous: 0diamagnetic 7782-49-2 82Kr 500
206 m/s
(gas, (at 220
23 °C) 20.122 W/(m·Kdiamagnetic 7726-95-6
m·s−1 iso, NA, half
17.28% 185
(liquid) 1120 m/s
9.43×10−3 Wdiamagnetic 7439-90-9 86Kr
0.283 is stable with 50 neutrons
59
body-centered cubic (bcc) 58.2 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-17-7 Robert Bunsen and Gustav87Sr 0.546 434
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 35.4 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-24-6 William Cruickshank (178790Y 1.20 796
hexagonal close-packed (h17.2 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-65-5 Johan Gadolin (1794) – 1883
hexagonal close-packed (h22.6 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-67-7 Martin Heinrich Klaproth ( iso, – NA, half- 2639
body-centered cubic (bcc) 53.7 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-03-1 Charles Hatchett (1801) 96Mo 3.04 2942
body-centered cubic (bcc) 138 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7439-98-7 Carl Wilhelm Scheele (177 100Ru 2742
 0.140
hexagonal close-packed (h50.6 W/(m·K)Paramagnetic7440-26-8 –0.039 2727
hexagonal close-packed (h117 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-18-8 106Rh
0.306, 0.318 2588
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 150 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-16-6 –11.72% 2288
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 71.8 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-05-3 110Pd
0.342 is stable with 641721
neutrons
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 429 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-22-4 before 5000 BC – 1283
hexagonal close-packed (h96.6 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-43-9 Friedrich Str iso, NA, half 530
81.8 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-74-6 Ferdinand Reich and Hieroiso, NA, half 1196
ace-centered diamond-cubi 66.8 W/(m·K)gray: diamagn7440-31-5 around 3500 BC iso, NA, half 1497
hombohedral 24.4 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-36-0 3000 BC iso, NA, half 807
1.97–3.38 W/diamagnetic 13494-80-9 Franz-Joseph Müller von Riso,– NA, half-life, DM, DE
orthorhombic 0.449 W/(m·Kdiamagnetic 7553-56-2 135Xe 260
gas: 178 m·s−5.65×10−3 W/diamagnetic 7440-63-3 iso, NA, half 83
body-centred cubic (bcc) 35.9 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-46-2 Robert Bunsen and Gustaviso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
body-centered cubic (bcc) 18.4 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-39-3 Carl Wilhelm Scheele (177 iso, NA, half 911
double hexagonal close-pa13.4 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7439-91-0 Carl Gustaf Mosander (183iso, NA, half 2005
ace-centred cubic (fcc), γ 11.3 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-45-1 Martin Heinrich Klaproth, iso, NA, half 1992
double hexagonal close-pa12.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-10-0 Carl Auer von Welsbach (1iso, NA, half 1771
double hexagonal close-pa16.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic,7440-00-8 Carl Auer von Welsbach (1iso, NA, half 1595
double hexagonal close-pa17.9 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-12-2 Chien Shiung Grace Mary Co iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 14
hombohedral 13.3 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-19-9 iso, NA, half 1001
body-centered cubic (bcc) est. 13.9 W/( paramagnetic7440-53-1 iso, NA, half 863
hexagonal close-packed (h10.6 W/(m·K)ferromagnetic7440-54-2 Jean Charles Galissard de iso, NA, half 1836
hexagonal close-packed (h11.1 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-27-9 iso, NA, half 1789
hexagonal close-packed (h10.7 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7429-91-6 Lecoq de Boisbaudran (188iso, NA, half 1378
hexagonal close-packed (h16.2 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-60-0 Marc Delafontaine (1878) iso, NA, half 1432
hexagonal close-packed (h14.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-52-0 Carl Gustaf Mosander (184iso, NA, half 1504
hexagonal close-packed (h16.9 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-30-4 iso, NA, half 1117
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 38.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-64-4 Jean Charles Galissard de iso, NA, half 736
hexagonal close-packed (h16.4 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7439-94-3 Georges Urbaiso, NA, half 1906
hexagonal close-packed (h23.0 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-58-6 iso, NA, half 2689
etragonal, β-Ta 57.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-25-7 Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (18iso, NA, half 3297
body-centered cubic (bcc) 173 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-33-7 Carl Wilhelm Torbern Bergiso, NA, half 3477
hexagonal close-packed (h48.0 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-15-5 Masataka OgaWalter Noddac iso, NA, half 3303
hexagonal close-packed (h87.6 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-04-2 iso, NA, half 3160
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 147 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7439-88-5 iso, NA, half- 2713
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 71.6 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-06-4 iso, NA, half 2330
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 318 W/(m·K) diamagnetic 7440-57-5 In the Middle East (before iso, NA, half 1646
liquid: 1451.48.30 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7439-97-6 Ancient Chinese and India iso, NA, half 315
hexagonal close-packed (h46.1 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-28-0 William Crookes (1861) iso, NA, half- 882
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 35.3 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7439-92-1 Middle Easterns (7000 BCEiso, NA, half 978
hombohedral 7.97 W/(m·K)diamagnetic 7440-69-9 Claude François Geoffroy (iso, NA, half- 941
hombohedral, β-Po 20 W/(m·K) (?nonmagnetic7440-08-6 Pierre and Marie Curie (18iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
ace-centered cubic (fcc), 1.7 W/(m·K) 7440-68-8 Dale R. Corson, Kenneth Roiso, NA, half- 361
 ace-centered cubic (fcc) 3.61×10−3 Wnon-magnetic10043-92-2
body-centered cubic (bcc),15 W/(m·K) (eParamagnetic7440-73-5
body-centered cubic (bcc) 18.6 W/(m·K)nonmagnetic7440-14-4
ace-centered cubic (fcc) 12 W/(m·K) 7440-34-8
ace-centred cubic (fcc) 54.0 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-29-1
47 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-13-3
orthorhombic 27.5 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-61-1
orthorhombic 6.3 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7439-99-8
2260 m/s 6.74 W/(m·K)paramagnetic7440-07-5
double hexagonal close-pa10 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-35-9
double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) antiferromagn7440-51-9
double hexagonal close-pa10 W/(m·K) paramagnetic7440-40-6
double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) 7440-71-3
ace-centered cubic (fcc) paramagnetic7429-92-7
ace-centered cubic (fcc), (predicted) 7440-72-4
ace-centered cubic (fcc), (predicted) 7440-11-1
ace-centered cubic (fcc), (predicted) 10028-14-5
hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (predicted) 22537-19-5
body-centered cubic (bcc) (predicted) 53850-35-4
body-centered cubic (bcc), (predicted) 54038-81-2
hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (predicted) 54037-14-8
hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (predicted) 54037-57-9
ace-centered cubic (fcc), (predicted) paramagnetic54038-01-6
body-centered cubic (bcc), (predicted) 54083-77-1
body-centered cubic (bcc), (predicted) 54386-24-2
hexagonal close-packed (hcp), (predicted) 54084-26-3
54084-70-7
54085-16-4
54085-64-2
54100-71-9
54101-14-3
54144-19-3
Ernest Rutherford and Robiso, NA, half- 110
iso, NA, half- 404
Pierre and Marie Curie (18iso, NA, half- 819
André-Louis iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 225Ac, tr
Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829iso, NA, half 2633
Otto Hahn and iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 229Pa, sy
Martin Heinrich Klaproth ( iso, NA, half 2325
Edwin McMillan and Philipiso, NA, half 2194
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur iso, NA, half- 1756
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A.iso, NA, half 1239
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A.iso, NA, half- 1788
Lawrence Berkeley Nationaiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Lawrence Berkeley Nationaiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Lawrence Berkeley Nationaiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Lawrence Berkeley Nationaiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE (
Lawrence Berkeley Nationaiso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Joint Institute for Nuclear 10% SF
Lawrence Berkeley National iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Joint Institute for Nuclear iso,
8.90,NA, half-life,
8.84, 8.76 DM, DE
Lawrence Berkeley Nationa261Rf
Gesellschaft für Schwerio iso,
9.21,NA, half-life,
9.10, 8.97 DM, DE
Gesellschaft für Schwerio 265Sg
Gesellschaft für Schwerio iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Gesellschaft für Schwerio iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Gesellschaft für Schwerio iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Gesellschaft
RIKEN (2004,für Schwerio
first 10%
11.68SF
undisputed)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
274Rg and Lawrence Livermore National La
Joint Institute for Nuclea iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Joint Institute for Nuclea iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
Joint Institute for Nuclea iso, NA,11.00,
11.11, half-life, DM, DE
10.91
Joint Institute for Nuclea 289Uup
Joint Institute for Nuclea iso, NA, half-life, DM, DE
 naming first_isolationdensity_near_atomic_radiuspeed_of_southermal_expaelectrical_resiyoungs_modu
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 1H, 99.98%, 1H is stable with 0 neutrons, 2H, 0.02%, 2H is stable with 1 neutron, 3H, trace, 12.32 y, β−, 0.01861, 3H
after Helios, William Ramsay, Per Teodor Cleve, Abraham Langlet (1895)
William Thom0.534 g/cm3 empirical: 15 6000 m/s (at 46 µm/(m·K) (92.8 nΩ·m (at4.9 GPa
Friedrich Wöh1.85 g/cm3 empirical: 11 12,890 m/s (at 11.3 µm/(m·K) 36 nΩ·m (at 2287 GPa
Humphry Davy (9 July 1808empirical: 90 16,200 m/s (aβ form: 5–7 µ~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 11C, syn, 20 min amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3,diamond: 18,3diamond: 0.8graphite: 7. diamond: 105

fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 16O, 99.76%, 16O is stable with 8 neutrons, 17O, 0.04%, 17O is stable with 9 neutrons, 18O, 0.20%, 18O is stable w
after the mineHenri Moissan (June 26, 1886)

0.968 g/cm3 empirical: 18 3200 m/s (at 71 µm/(m·K) (47.7 nΩ·m (at10 GPa
after MagnesiHumphry Davy 1.738 g/cm3 empirical: 16 4940 m/s (at 2r 4.8 µm/(m·K)43.9 nΩ·m (at45 GPa
Hans Christia2.70 g/cm3 empirical: 14 (rolled) 5000 23.1 µm/(m·K) 28.2 nΩ·m (at70 GPa
after Latin 'silex' or 'silicis 2.3290 g/cm3empirical: 11 8433 m/s (at 2.6 µm/(m·K)2.3×103 Ω·m 1( 30–188 GPa
white: 1.823 g·cm−3, red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3, violet: 2.36 g·cm−3, black: 2.69 g/cm3
alpha: 2.07 g/cm3, beta: 1.96 g/cm3, gamma: 1.92 g 2×1015 Ω·m (at 20 °C) (amorphous)
>10 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 36Ar, 0.334%, 36Ar is stable with 18 neutrons, 37Ar, syn, 35 d, ε, 0.813, 37Cl, 38Ar, 0.063%, 38Ar is stable with 20 n
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 39K, 93.258%, 390.862 g/cm3 empirical: 22 2000 m/s (at 83.3 µm/(m·K) 72 nΩ·m (at 23.53 GPa
1.55 g/cm3 empirical: 19 3810 m/s (at 22.3 µm/(m·K) 33.6 nΩ·m (at20 GPa
after Scandinavia 2.985 g/cm3 empirical: 162 pm α, poly: 10.2 α, poly: 562 n74.4 GPa
Jöns Jakob Be4.506 g/cm3 empirical: 14 5090 m/s (at 8r .6 µm/(m·K)420 nΩ·m (at 116 GPa
Nils Gabriel 6.0 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4560 m/s (at 8.4 µm/(m·K)197 nΩ·m (at 128 GPa
7.19 g/cm3 empirical: 12 5940 m/s (at 4.9 µm/(m·K)125 nΩ·m (at 279 GPa
Johann Gottli7.21 g/cm3 empirical: 12 5150 m/s (at 21.7 µm/(m·K) 1.44 µΩ·m (at198 GPa
7.874 g/cm3 empirical: 12 5120 m/s (at 11.8
r. µm/(m·K) 96.1 nΩ·m (at211 GPa
8.90 g/cm3 empirical: 12 4720 m/s (at 13.0 µm/(m·K) 62.4 nΩ·m (at209 GPa
8.908 g/cm3 empirical: 12 4900 m/s (at 1r 3.4 µm/(m·K)69.3 nΩ·m (at200 GPa
after Cyprus, principal mi 8.96 g/cm3 empirical: 12 (annealed), 3816.5 µm/(m·K) 16.78 nΩ·m (a110–128 GPa
Andreas Sigi 7.14 g/cm3 empirical: 13 3850 m/s (at 3r 0.2 µm/(m·K) 59.0 nΩ·m (at108 GPa
after Gallia (Latin for: Fr 5.91 g/cm3 empirical: 13 2740 m/s (at 18 µm/(m·K) (270 nΩ·m (at 9.8 GPa
after Germany, homeland o5.323 g/cm3 empirical: 12 5400 m/s (at 6.0 µm/(m·K)1 Ω·m (at 20 103 GPa
Albertus Mag5.727 g/cm3 empirical: 119 pm 5.6 µm/(m·K)333
( nΩ·m (at 8 GPa
after Selene, Greek godde gray: 4.81 g/ empirical: 12 3350 m/s (at amorphous: 37 µm/(m·K) (a 10 GPa
Br2, liquid: empirical: 120 pm 7.8×1010 Ω·m (at 20 °C)

George de He1.532 g/cm3 empirical: 24 1300 m/s (at 90 µm/(m·K) (a 128 nΩ·m (at 2.4 GPa
after the mineHumphry Davy 2.64 g/cm3 empirical: 215 pm 22.5 µm/(m·K)
132 nΩ·m (at 15.7 GPa
after Ytterby,Carl Gustav 4.472 g/cm3 empirical: 18 3300 m/s (at α, poly: 10.6 α, poly: 596 n63.5 GPa
after zircon, zargun ‫ زرـگون‬Be6.52
Jöns Jakob meaning "gold-colored".
g/cm3 empirical: 16 3800 m/s (at 5.7 µm/(m·K)421 nΩ·m (at 88 GPa
after Niobe i Christian Wil 8.57 g/cm3 empirical: 14 3480 m/s (at 7.3 µm/(m·K)152 nΩ·m (at 105 GPa
Peter Jacob H10.28 g/cm3 empirical: 13 5400 m/s (at 4r .8 µm/(m·K)53.4 nΩ·m (at329 GPa
 11 g/cm3 empirical: 13 16,200 m/s (a7.1 µm/(m·K)200
( nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
after Ruthenia (Latin for: 12.45 g/cm3 empirical: 13 5970 m/s (at 6.4 µm/(m·K)71 nΩ·m (at 0447 GPa
12.41 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4700 m/s (at 8.2 µm/(m·K)43.3 nΩ·m (at380 GPa
after asteroid Pallas, itsel 12.023 g/cm3empirical: 13 3070 m/s (at 11.8 µm/(m·K) 105.4 nΩ·m (a121 GPa
10.49 g/cm3 empirical: 14 2680 m/s (at 1r 8.9 µm/(m·K)
15.87 nΩ·m (a83 GPa
8.65 g/cm3 empirical: 15 2310 m/s (at 30.8 µm/(m·K) 72.7 nΩ·m (at50 GPa
Hieronymous7.31 g/cm3
white, empirical:
β: 7.265 g/cm3 16 1215 m/s (at 32.1 µm/(m·K) 83.7 nΩ·m (at11 GPa
gray, α: 5.769empirical:
g/cm3 14 2730 m/s (at 2r 2.0 µm/(m·K) 115 nΩ·m (at 50 GPa
Vannoccio Bir6.697 g/cm3 empirical: 14 3420 m/s (at 11 µm/(m·K) (417 nΩ·m (at 55 GPa
after Roman TMartin Heinri6.24 g/cm3 empirical: 14 2610 m/s (at 18 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) 43 GPa
4.933 g/cm3 empirical: 140 pm 1.3×107 Ω·m (at 0 °C)

from Latin caeCarl Setterbe 1.93 g/cm3 empirical: 265 pm 97 µm/(m·K) (205 nΩ·m (at 1.7 GPa
Humphry Davy 3.51 g/cm3 empirical: 22 1620 m/s (at 20.6 µm/(m·K) 332 nΩ·m (at 13 GPa
6.162 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2475 m/s (at α, poly: 12.1 α, poly: 615 nα form: 36.6
after dwarf pCarl Gustaf 6.770 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2100 m/s (at γ, poly: 6.3 µ β, poly: 828 nγ form: 33.6
6.77 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2280 m/s (at α, poly: 6.7 µα, poly: 0.700α form: 37.3
7.01 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2330 m/s (at α, poly: 9.6 µα, poly: 643 α form: 41.4
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 14 Charles D. Co7.26 g/cm3 empirical: 183 pm 9.0 µm/(m·K)est.
( 0.75 µΩ·m α form: est.
after the mineral samarskit7.52 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2130 m/s (at (r.t.) (α, pol (r.t.) (α, pol α form: 49.7
after Europe 5.264 g/cm3 empirical: 180 pm poly: 35.0 µm/poly: 0.900 µΩ18.2 GPa
after the minLecoq de Boi 7.90 g/cm3 empirical: 18 2680 m/s (at α poly: 9.4 µ α, poly: 1.31 α form: 54.8
after Ytterby (Sweden), wh8.23 g/cm3 empirical: 17 2620 m/s (at at r.t. α, pol α, poly: 1.150α form: 55.7
8.540 g/cm3 empirical: 17 2710 m/s (at α, poly: 9.9 µα, poly: 926 nα form: 61.4
8.79 g/cm3 empirical: 17 2760 m/s (at poly: 11.2 µm/ poly: 814 nΩ·m64.8 GPa
after Ytterby (Sweden), wh9.066 g/cm3 empirical: 17 2830 m/s (at poly: 12.2 µm/ poly: 0.860 µΩ69.9 GPa
after Thule, a mythical reg 9.32 g/cm3 empirical: 176 pm poly: 13.3 µm/poly: 676 nΩ·m74.0 GPa
after Ytterby Georges Urba6.90 g/cm3 empirical: 17 1590 m/s (at β, poly: 26.3 β, poly: 0.250β form: 23.9
after Lutetia, Latin for: Pa 9.841 g/cm3 empirical: 174 pm poly: 9.9 µm/(poly: 582 nΩ·m68.6 GPa
after Hafnia. Latin for: C 13.31 g/cm3 empirical: 15 3010 m/s (at 5.9 µm/(m·K)331 nΩ·m (at 78 GPa
16.69 g/cm3 empirical: 14 3400 m/s (at 6.3 µm/(m·K)131 nΩ·m (at 186 GPa
Juan José Elh 19.25 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4620 m/s (at 4r .5 µm/(m·K)52.8 nΩ·m (at411 GPa
after the riv Masataka Oga21.02 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4700 m/s (at 6.2 µm/(m·K)193 nΩ·m (at 463 GPa
22.59 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4940 m/s (at 5.1 µm/(m·K)81.2 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
22.56 g/cm3 empirical: 13 4825 m/s (at 6.4 µm/(m·K)47.1 nΩ·m (at528 GPa
21.45 g/cm3 empirical: 13 2800 m/s (at 8r .8 µm/(m·K)105 nΩ·m (at 168 GPa
from Latin aurum, meaning19.30 g/cm3 empirical: 14 2030 m/s (at 1r 4.2 µm/(m·K) 22.14 nΩ·m (a79 GPa
13.534 g/cm3empirical: 151 pm 60.4 µm/(m·K) 961 nΩ·m (at 25 °C)
Claude-Augus11.85 g/cm3 empirical: 17 818 m/s (at 229.9 µm/(m·K) 0.18 µΩ·m (at8 GPa
11.34 g/cm3 empirical: 17 1190 m/s (at 2r 8.9 µm/(m·K)
208 nΩ·m (at 16 GPa
9.78 g/cm3 empirical: 15 1790 m/s (at 13.4 µm/(m·K) 1.29 µΩ·m (at32 GPa
after Polonia Willy Marckwalpha: 9.196 empirical: 168 pm 23.5 µm/(m·K) α: 0.40 µΩ·m (at 0 °C)
after Greek astatos (αστατ(At2) 6.35±0.15 g/cm3 (predicted)
 William Ramsay and Robert Whytlaw-Gray (1910)
after France, homeland of 2.8–3.0 g/cm3 (extrapolated) 3 µΩ·m (calculated)
Marie Curie (5.5 g/cm3 1 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 225Ac, trace, 10 10 g/cm3
after Thor, the Norse god 11.7 g/cm3 empirical: 17 2490 m/s (at 11.0 µm/(m·K) 157 nΩ·m (at 79 GPa
fe, DM, DE (MeV), DP, 229Pa, syn, 1.5 15.37 g/cm3 empirical: 163 pm ~9.9 µm/(m·K)
177 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
after planet Eugène-Melchi 19.1 g/cm3 empirical: 15 3155 m/s (at 13.9 µm/(m·K)0.280 µΩ·m (a208 GPa
after planet Neptune, itse alpha: 20.45 empirical: 155 pm 1.220 µΩ·m (at 22 °C)
after dwarf planet Pluto, i 19.816 g/cm3empirical: 159 pm 46.7 µm/(m·K)
1.460 µΩ·m (a96 GPa
after the Americas 12 g/cm3 empirical: 173 pm 0.69 µΩ·m
named after Marie Skłodow 13.51 g/cm3 empirical: 174 pm 1.25 µΩ·m
after Berkeley, California, alpha: 14.78 empirical: 170 pm
after California, where it 15.1 g/cm3
after Albert Einstein 8.84 g/cm3
after Enrico Fermi 9.7(1) g/cm3 (predicted)
after Dmitri Mendeleev 10.3(7) g/cm3 (predicted)
after Alfred Nobel 9.9(4) g/cm3 (predicted)
after Ernest Lawrence ~15.6–16.6 g/cm3 (predicted)
after the town of Dubna in29.3 g/cm3 (pempirical: 139 pm (estimated)
after Glenn T. Seaborg 35.0 g/cm3 (pempirical: 132 pm (predicted)
after Niels Bohr 37.1 g/cm3 (pempirical: 128 pm (predicted)
after Hassia, Latin for He 41 g/cm3 (preempirical: 126 pm (estimated)
after Lise Meitner 37.4 g/cm3 (pempirical: 128 pm (predicted)
after Darmstadt, Germany,34.8 g/cm3 (pempirical: 132 pm (predicted)
after Wilhelm Röntgen 28.7 g/cm3 (pempirical: 138 pm (predicted)
after Nicolaus Copernicus 23.7 g/cm3 (pempirical: 147 pm (predicted)
IUPAC systematic element16 g/cm3 (preempirical: 170 pm (predicted)
after Flerov Laboratory of 14 g/cm3 (preempirical: 180 pm (predicted)
IUPAC systematic element13.5 g/cm3 (pempirical: 187 pm (predicted)
after Lawrence Livermore Na 12.9 g/cm3 (pempirical: 183 pm (predicted)
IUPAC systematic element7.1–7.3 g/cm3empirical: 138 pm (predicted)
IUPAC systematic element name
 shear_modulbulk_modulumohs_hardnebrinell_hardnpoisson_ratiovickers_hard allotropes density_when
, trace, 12.32 y, β−, 0.01861, 3He

4.2 GPa 11 GPa 0.6 5 MPa

132 GPa 130 GPa 5.5 590–1320 MP 0.032 1670 MPa
~9.5 α-, β-rhomboh2.08 g/cm3
diamond: 478diamond: 442graphite: 1–2, diamond: 1 diamond: 0.1 graphite, diamond

ns, 18O, 0.20%, 18O is stable with 10 neutrons

alpha, beta
654 GPa
3.3 GPa 6.3 GPa 0.5 0.69 MPa
17 GPa 45 GPa 1–2.5 44–260 MPa 0.29
26 GPa 76 GPa 2.75 160–550 MPa 0.35 160–350 MPa
51–80 GPa 97.6 GPa 7 0.064–0.28
lack: 2.69 g/cm3 white: 5 GPa, red: 11 GPa
at 20 °C) (amorphous) 7.7 GPa 2

0.063%, 38Ar is stable with 20 neutrons, 39Ar, trace, 269 y, β−, 0.565, 39K, 40Ar, 99.604%, 40Ar is stable with 22 neutrons, 41Ar, syn, 109.
1.3 GPa 3.1 GPa 0.4 0.363 MPa
7.4 GPa 17 GPa 1.75 170–416 MPa 0.31
29.1 GPa 56.6 GPa 736–1200 MP 0.279
44 GPa 110 GPa 6 716–2770 MP 0.32 830–3420 MPa
47 GPa 160 GPa 6.7 600–742 MPa 0.37 628–640 MPa
115 GPa 160 GPa 687–6500 MP 0.21 1060 MPa
120 GPa 6 196 MPa
82 GPa 170 GPa 4 200–1180 MP 0.29 608 MPa
75 GPa 180 GPa 5 470–3000 MP 0.31 1043 MPa
76 GPa 180 GPa 4 667–1600 MP 0.31 638 MPa
48 GPa 140 GPa 3 235–878 MPa 0.34 343–369 MPa
43 GPa 70 GPa 2.5 327–412 MPa 0.25
1.5 56.8–68.7 MP 0.47
41 GPa 75 GPa 6 0.26
22 GPa 3.5 1440 MPa grey (most common), yello
3.7 GPa 8.3 GPa 2 736 MPa 0.33

2.5 GPa 0.3 0.216 MPa

6.03 GPa 1.5 0.28
25.6 GPa 41.2 GPa 200–589 MPa 0.243
33 GPa 91.1 GPa 5 638–1880 MP 0.34 820–1800 MPa
38 GPa 170 GPa 6 735–2450 MP 0.4 870–1320 MPa
126 GPa 230 GPa 5.5 1370–2500 M 0.31 1400–2740 MPa
173 GPa 220 GPa 6.5 2160 MPa 0.3
150 GPa 275 GPa 6 980–1350 MP 0.26 1100–8000 MPa
44 GPa 180 GPa 4.75 320–610 MPa 0.39 400–600 MPa
30 GPa 100 GPa 2.5 206–250 MPa 0.37 251 MPa
19 GPa 42 GPa 2 203–220 MPa 0.3
1.2 8.8–10.0 MPa
18 GPa 58 GPa 50–440 MPa 0.36 alpha, α (gray); beta, β (white)
20 GPa 42 GPa 3 294–384 MPa
16 GPa 65 GPa 2.25 180–270 MPa
7.7 GPa

1.6 GPa 0.2 0.14 MPa

4.9 GPa 9.6 GPa 1.25
α form: 14.3 α form: 27.9 2.5 350–400 MPaα form: 0.280360–1750 MPa
γ form: 13.5 γ form: 21.5 2.5 186–412 MPaγ form: 0.24 210–470 MPa
α form: 14.8 α form: 28.8 GPa 250–640 MPaα form: 0.281250–745 MPa
α form: 16.3 α form: 31.8 GPa 265–700 MPaα form: 0.281345–745 MPa
α form: est. α form: est. 33 GPa α form: est. 0.28
α form: 19.5 α form: 37.8 GPa 440–600 MPaα form: 0.274410–440 MPaα form
7.9 GPa 8.3 GPa 0.152 165–200 MPa
α form: 21.8 α form: 37.9 GPa α form: 0.259510–950 MPa
α form: 22.1 α form: 38.7 GPa 675–1200 MPα form: 0.261450–865 MPa
α form: 24.7 α form: 40.5 GPa 500–1050 MPα form: 0.247410–550 MPa
26.3 GPa 40.2 GPa 500–1250 MP 0.231 410–600 MPa
28.3 GPa 44.4 GPa 600–1070 MP 0.237 430–700 MPa
30.5 GPa 44.5 GPa 470–900 MPa 0.213 470–650 MPa
β form: 9.9 Gβ form: 30.5 GPa 340–440 MPaβ form: 0.207205–250 MPa
27.2 GPa 47.6 GPa 890–1300 MP 0.261 755–1160 MPa
30 GPa 110 GPa 5.5 1450–2100 M 0.37 1520–2060 MPa
69 GPa 200 GPa 6.5 440–3430 MP 0.34 870–1200 MPa
161 GPa 310 GPa 7.5 2000–4000 M 0.28 3430–4600 MPa
178 GPa 370 GPa 7 1320–2500 M 0.3 1350–7850 MPa
222 GPa 462 GPa 7 3490–4000 M 0.25
210 GPa 320 GPa 6.5 1670 MPa 0.26 1760–2200 MPa
61 GPa 230 GPa 3.5 300–500 MPa 0.38 400–550 MPa
27 GPa 180 GPa 2.5 188–245 MPa 0.4 188–216 MPa

2.8 GPa 43 GPa 1.2 26.5–44.7 MP 0.45

5.6 GPa 46 GPa 1.5 38–50 MPa 0.44
12 GPa 31 GPa 2.25 70–95 MPa 0.33
α, β
31 GPa 54 GPa 3 390–1500 MP 0.27 295–685 MPa

111 GPa 100 GPa 2350–3850 M 0.23 1960–2500 MPa

43 GPa 0.21

3–4

4.9–5.1 g/cm3 (predicted)

 sublimation_ recognized_aheat_of_vapoionisation_enprediction discovery_andalternative_ band_gap

3915 K (3642 Antoine Lavoisier (1789)

(N2) 5.56 kJ/ 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol, 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol, 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol, (more)

William RamsWilliam Ramsay & Morris Travers (1898)

Humphry Davy (1807)

Antoine Lavoisier (1787) aluminum (US)

Antoine LavoiJöns Jacob Berzelius (18231.12 eV (at 300 K)
white: 51.9 k 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol, 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol, (more)
Antoine Lavoisier (1777) sulphur
Humphry Davy (Cl2) 20.41 k 1st: 1251.2 kJ/mol, 2nd: 2 Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)
ith 22 neutrons, 41Ar, syn, 109.34 min, β−, 2.49, 41K, 42Ar, syn, 32.9 y, β−, 0.6 Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay (1894)
Humphry Davy (1807)
Humphry Davy (1808)
Dmitri MendeLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797, 1798)

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)

Dmitri MendeLecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)

Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) 0.67 eV (at 300 K)
887 K (615 °C, 1137 °F)
Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1817)
(Br2) 29.96 k 1st: 1139.9 kJ/mol, 2nd: 2 Antoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig (1825)
William Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)

columbium
 Dmitri MendeEmilio Segrè and Carlo Perrier (1937)
Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
William Hyde Wollaston (1804)
William Hyde Wollaston (1803)

Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (

); beta, β (white)

(I2) 41.57 kJ 1st: 1008.4 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1 Bernard Courtois (1811)

William Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
cesium

398 kJ/mol 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol, 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol, (more)

Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)

Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896, 1901)

Carl Gustaf Mosander (1842)

Per Teodor Cleve (1879)

Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906)

Dmitri MendeDirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)

wolfram

Smithson Tennant (1803)

Smithson Tennant (1803)
Antonio de Ulloa (1748)
 Marguerite Perey (1939)

Friedrich Oskar Giesel (1902)

514 kJ/mol 1st: 587 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol, 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol
Dmitri MendeKasimir Fajans and Oswald Helmuth Göhring (1913)

4.9–5.1 g/cm3 (predicted) Niels Bohr (1922)

 recognised_acurie_point recognized_arecognized_athermal_diffutensile_strenmolar_volumproposed_fo

ravers (1898)

1.12 eV (at 300 K)

Antoine Lavoisier (1777)

Ramsay (1894)

1043 K

Rasaratna Samuccaya (800)

0.67 eV (at 300 K)

hann Gottlieb Gahn (1817)

Carl Jacob Löwig (1825)
Travers (1898)

Heinrich Rose (1844)

54.3 mm2/s (at 300 K)
 174 mm2/s (at 300 K)
mann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)

Travers (1898)

(1896, 1901)

Hevesy (1922)
Heinrich Rose (1844)

125–240 MPa
120 MPa

(At2) 32.94 cm3/mol (predicted)

Helmuth Göhring (1913)

nihonium, Nh

moscovium,

tennessine, T
oganesson, O
alternative_names
m3/mol (predicted)
element 113, eka-thallium

element 115, eka-bismuth

element 117, eka-astatine

element 118, eka-radon