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Guide question:
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
Directions: Ask the students to prepare a table with two columns on a sheet of paper like the
one below. Ask them to list down the most frequent activities they did in the past and the ones
they do at present. Let them write as many as they can.
When I was a kid I used to……. Now that I’m a young adult, I do…..
Processing Questions:
1. What were the physical activities in your childhood that you still do today? Do you spend
more time now in doing these activities as compared to before? Cite an example.
2. Do you know the benefits of the physical activities that you do? Can you cite some of these
benefits?
Reading:
What is physical activity? It is any movement made by the muscles of the body that requires
exertion of energy such as running, swimming, dancing, etc. Exercising is considered physical
activity but more structured and planned. Regular physical activity promotes a healthy lifestyle
as it improves our health and helps lower risks of illnesses. It is necessary for us to engage in
physical activities to enhance our level of fitness. Many of us exercise and do physical
activities at home, in school, and at the gym. Some of these include aerobic, muscle
strengthening, and bone strengthening activities, all of which are good for body composition. It
is important to know the nature of these physical activities for a better understanding of what it
does to our body.
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Aerobic, Muscle and Bone Strengthening Activities: How Do They Work and Differ?
I. Aerobic Activities
Aerobic activities are also called “cardio” exercises. Normally, these activities increase
our heart and breathing rate. They cause us to sweat profusely and breathe harder. Our heart
pumps blood more vigorously, causing oxygen to circulate throughout our body. This allows
us to sustain our aerobic exercise for a few minutes. Such activities like jogging, running,
swimming and dancing are some examples of aerobic exercises which improve our
cardiorespiratory fitness. They also help lower risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and
osteoporosis. Most aerobic activities can be done on a daily basis. To be physically fit, it is
important to engage in aerobic activities.
Frequency - Always consider the number of aerobic exercise sessions per week. When
doing cardio exercises, especially to lose weight, frequency is an important factor to make it
more effective. Start cardio exercises for at least 3 days a week for the first few weeks, with
not more than 2 days’ rest between sessions. Afterwards, we can gradually increase the
frequency of exercise to 5 days a week.
Intensity – To be effective, aerobic exercises should be done in moderate intensity, that is,
our heart rate should be 60 to 80% of our maximum heart rate. First, determine the target
heart rate by getting the maximum heart rate and the recommended heart rate range. This will
then tell how hard we should exercise during our training.
Time – More time spent doing aerobic exercises means more calories burned and an
increase in endurance. We can at least do 20 minutes per session at first, then gradually
increase it to 60 minutes.
Type - Running, jogging, sprinting, swimming, and playing contact sports such as
basketball are some activities that we can do to improve our heart rate. It is also important to
try different exercises and activities to avoid boredom.
Muscle strengthening activities are exercises in which groups of muscles work or hold
against a force or some weight. Muscle strengthening activities help build good muscle strength.
When muscles do more work, it becomes stronger. Therefore, having strong and healthy muscles
enable us to perform everyday physical tasks. With strong and capable muscles, we can
rearrange the furniture in our living room and carry heavy grocery bags from the market to our
home. During muscle strengthening activity, muscle contraction occurs. The repetitive contractions
during exercise can cause damage to the muscle fibers. Our body repairs these muscle fibers
when they get damaged.
The repair happens after exercise while muscles are at rest. New muscle fibers are produced to
replace or repair those that were damaged. The muscles in our body then start to grow larger and
stronger. This stimulation and repair process is called muscle hypertrophy. It is important to note
that these muscle-strengthening activities—short high intensity exercises—should be alternately
scheduled in a week allowing rebuilding of muscles during rest periods. Ideally, one to two days of
rest lets our muscles rest and recover.
Exercises like push-ups, sit-ups, squats, and lifting weights are some examples of muscle
strengthening activities that you can do if you want to have strong and lean muscles. Remember
that before you start doing these activities, be sure to do dynamic warm-up to avoid injury.
Bone growth is stimulated by physical stress brought about by physical activity. As skeletal
muscles contract, they pull their attachment on bones causing physical stress. This consequently
stimulates bone tissue, making it stronger and thicker. Such bone strengthening activities can
increase bone density throughout our skeletal system. This is called bone hypertrophy. Many
forms of physical activity like running, skipping rope, and playing basketball help keep our bones
fit. Bones also support groups of muscles to reduce risk of falling. It is important to understand that
bone-strengthening exercises do not only focus on bone health, it also focuses on improving
muscle strength, coordination, and balance. Each strengthening activity mentioned works
differently from the other as each focuses on different target areas in the body. But each
contributes to the ultimate goal of being fit. Being fit is important and requires a proper plan and
much effort and discipline. If we want to live healthy, we need to optimize our daily physical
activities to achieve our desired level of fitness. 2
Lesson
Health-Related Components
2 of Fitness
Need a little inspiration for a healthier you? Being physically fit is like involving in a
relationship, you are expected to work on your regular exercise and you cannot even cheat on
your diet and work out. Applying health-related- fitness components in a well –rounded exercise
program supports a higher quality of life since this is all about your personal health that involves
variety of activities which will benefit your body and your mind. In general, achieving an
adequate level of fitness in all components of HRF is essential to good health.
Answer all the assessment to know how much you have learned in each lesson.
Direction: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Choose your answer from the lists above.
_______________________4. The ability to use your muscles many times without tiring.
_______________
_________6. The purpose of this test is to measure the Body Mass Index (BMI).
In previous lesson, we have discussed that during exercise, the body uses large
amount of energy in three different ways. The ATP/ CP system, anaerobic system and
aerobic system. These are the chemical pathways that cope with energy production and the
products of physical work. In general, the relative contribution from each system depends on
the intensity and duration of the activity. A basic understanding on how our body uses energy
during different forms of exercise is very useful in designing an effective exercise program.
Thus, health-related fitness test are considered the starting point for designing an appropriate
exercise program.
In this lesson, we will have better understanding on Health-related fitness test which
evaluate our overall health and physical status. Health and fitness are two things that we
must take care of to lead a good life since being physically fit has a lot of advantages and is
essential to work correctly and live productively. Health is wealth and we must take good care
of ourselves, therefore, let`s strive to be healthy!
ACTIVITY 2. Let`s Find Out! Observe the picture and answer the questions below.
In this module, we will learn the value of Health-related components of fitness, and the
HR fitness test.
Physical fitness is defined as a state of good health as a result of exercise and proper
nutrition. Staying healthy is everyone`s priority. Most people understand that there are benefits
that arise from prioritizing physical fitness because active people generally live longer and
enjoys a better quality of life. 4
The key to achieve physical fitness for health reasons is to give emphasis on health-
related fitness components when doing work out. It is not defined only by what kind of activity
you do, how long you do it, or at what level of intensity but rather over all fitness which made up
of 5 main components. These fitness components focus on factors that promote optimum
health and prevent the onset of disease and problems associated with inactivity. You can
determine if someone is physically fit by determining how well they perform in each component
in HRF.
Cardiovascular Endurance - is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to
provide the needed oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained workloads. Physical
activity that trains for cardio respiratory endurance focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and
prolonged movements using major muscles groups.
Muscular Strength - the amount of force muscles can produce. You can train your
muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few repetitions.
Muscular Endurance - the ability of muscles to perform continuous without fatiguing. It
is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many
repeated contractions.
Flexibility - ability of each joint to move through the available range of motion for a
specific joint. It helps to prevent muscular imbalances and allows you to move about
with ease.
Body composition- the amount of mass compared to lean muscle mass bone and
organs. Overall health generally improves when you have lower amount of fat mass
and higher amount of lean muscles.
Note to Remember:
Physical Fitness- Health-Related Tests are not allowed without the supervision of
the P.E teacher. This is not included in the module for safety purposes.
I. PERSONAL DATA:
Name:____________________________ Gender:____________ Age:_________
III. QUESTIONNAIRE:
g. Anemia? YES_____NO_____
h. Kidney Trouble/ Disease? YES_____NO_____
i. Arthritis? YES_____NO_____
j. Gout? YES_____NO_____
k. Dislocation? YES_____NO_____
If yes please indicate what part of the body________
l. fractures? YES____NO_____
4. Other ailments which you have at present that may in a way restrict your physical activity?
Please specify___________________
11. Do you drink alcohol beverages? YES____NO____ if yes, how often _______________
_________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________ _________________________
Now, you may be getting ready to perform the different health related components of fitness
to assess your strength and weaknesses. Take note that warming up before exercise is a
good way to reduce the risk of injury and to prepare yourself physically as well as mentally for
the said activity. Start with proper Stretching, warming-up and cooling down after performing
the test and make sure you have comfortable clothing and water.
Activity 3: Let Me Think!
Direction: Identify the following physical activities by writing the Health-related component of
fitness necessary in doing the task. Write your answer on the table below.
Lesson
Nowadays, the major cause of numerous health issues in our society is the sedentary
lifestyle because many technological advances and conveniences have made our lives easier
and lead us to become less active. People really need to engage in physical activity to prevent
these health problems and maintain a normal and healthy life. These physical activities have
multiple benefits therefore, any activity that gets you moving, gets your heart rate up, and gives
you enough pleasure to do it regularly is good for you in almost every way. So have fun, be
healthy and feel good!
In the previous lesson, we discussed the components of health related fitness and
undergo the different types of HR fitness test in which those test are considered as the starting
point to design appropriate exercise program that has a long term benefit. With that activity, you
were able to identify your strength and weaknesses and the areas which you need to improve. A
person stays happier when he-/ she is fit and healthy that is why we need to engage ourselves
in any physical activity to reduce the risk of having diseases and illnesses. However, some
people do not engage themselves in any physical activity and now you might be wondering why.
Today in our next lesson, we will determine the different barriers to physical activity and
how to overcome those barriers. Changing habits is not easy but once you start to feel better,
you will see the benefits and the changes you`ve made.
Direction: Describe the picture below. Can you tell what causes this person to act this
way? Write your answer on the space provided, beside the picture.
Today, we will be learning the different barriers to physical activity and later you will cite some
ways to overcome those barriers.
The role of physical activity in our day to day lives has changed over the centuries
because of modern technological advancement that have made people less active due to
certain barriers to participation. Understanding common barriers to physical activity and
creating strategies to overcome them may help make physical activity part of daily life. The
following are some common reasons why people remain inactive.
Personal Barriers
Environmental Barriers
The major environmental barriers are Time, Place, Space, Climate and Noise.The
environment which we live plays a major role on our level of physical activity. Factors such as
Poor street lighting at night and a lack of convenient places to do Physical Activity, traffic,
crime and pollution may also have an effect. Where we live, learn, work and play appear to
have a great deal to do with how active we are. Creating activity-friendly environment is one
way to help people become inactive such as buildings, streets, and communities that
encourage walking and biking.
Direction: Listed below are examples of physical activity barriers. Draw a line connecting its type
whether PERSONAL or ENVIRONMENTAL barrier.
Lack of Transportation
Narrow sidewalks
Lack of motivation
Noisy Place
Lack of energy
Busy schedule
No jogging trails
Lack of sleep
Lack of facilities
1. While filling out the PAR-Q form, have you encountered physical activity barrier? Is
there any personal or environmental barrier? If yes, please list id down.
Activity 3: Self-reflection!
Direction: On the table below, list down the barriers you encountered in doing
physical activity.
Personal Barriers Environmental Barriers Suggestions in overcoming
barriers
Follow up Question:
Cite some ways to overcome situations that hinders you to engage in physical
activity.
What I Can Do
Direction: Imagine that you are writing an article for a health magazine. Your task is to
write an essay about health awareness and encourage the people to become
physically fit by engaging in physical activity. Your essay should be brief and easy to
read. Write your answer on the space provided on the next page.
Additional Activities
Lesson
Principles of Exercise
4 Training- Fitness Goals
Objectives:
Pre-activity
1. What is fitness?
2. 2. Enumerate activities done to improve fitness.
3. 3. What is the significance of improving our fitness?
Overload Principle. This is the most basic principle that indicates doing “more than
normal” for improvement to happen. In order for the skeletal muscles to get stronger,
additional load must be added and greater load exerted than what was used to.
Frequency
The frequency of exercise refers to number of times a physical activity is done in each
week. According to the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, it is recommended
to exercise 3-5 days per week and for more optimal results, exercise can be done in most
days of the week with a combination of lightmoderate-vigorous activity.
Intensity
The rate at which the activity is performed is called Intensity. It is also referred to as the
magnitude of the effort required to perform an activity or exercise. It describes how easy or
how hard a person has to work in a certain activity, and it varies from one person to
another. The determination of intensity depends on some individual factors such as
exercise experience, relative level of fitness, and needs of fitness.
The intensity level target may be determined by computing the target heart rate (THR)
range based on the results of an exercise stress test, considering the resting and exercise
heart rate, with 60% to 80% intensity level. (Karvonen’s Formula)
Instruct the students to go over the recorded fitness results from the self-testing activity.
These will be used in computing their target heart rate (THR). Let them compute their THR
following the procedure below.
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Directions: Compute your Target Heart Rate Range in 4 steps. Fill in the blanks below.
MHR =____________
4. Add each HRR to Resting Heart Rate (RHR) to obtain the Target Heart Rate (THR)
range.
(RHR)
(RHR)
Therefore, your target heart rate range is __147_ to __176 beats per minute.
(4.a) (4.b)
(When performing physical activities, your heart rate is within the normal range therefore you
have to select moderate – vigorous activities that will make your heart pump within the
Type
The type of activity is determined by following the principle of progression and specificity. To
attain a higher level of fitness, select the type of physical activity that challenges the body to
accept an increase in work and answers your need.
Activity 2:
Instruct the students to get a piece of paper and to perform Activity 2 in 3 minutes. Let
them copy the table and fill-in words from the word pool.
Directions: Identify what HRF component these physical activities belong to. Choose your
answer from the word pool and write your answers on the table provided for.
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Cardiovascular Fitness Flexibility Muscular Strength and Endurance
Time
Here are some examples of physical activities and exercises that you may integrate in
your own fitness plan. Remember that the intensity of exercise as well as the type of activity
to be done will vary for each person, as it is based on the fitness level results during self-
testing.
walking
jogging
cycling/biking
hiking
skating
rollerblading
step aerobics
cardio machines e.g. treadmill
Flexibility Fitness
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Muscular Strength and Endurance Fitness
Directions: Perform one activity at a time and supply the information by filling-up the table.
Please read below the things to remember.
feeling?
How is your
breathing?
How is your
sweat?
How is your talking
ability?
Reflection:
1. Which among the three (walking around, brisk walking, 3-minute jump jacks) is considered:
Justification: _____________________________________
Justification: ______________________________________
Justification: ______________________________________
NOTE TO REMEMBER:
Do not perform if you have medical health problems especially the 3-minute jumping jack.
Only those who have no medical records can execute the 3-minute jumping jack for safety
reason.
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http://www.who.int/dietphysicalctivity/physical_activity_intensity/en/
“MET” is another name for metabolic equivalent, a measure of exercise intensity based on oxygen
consumption. More specifically, a single MET is defined as the amount of oxygen a person consumes
(or the energy expended) per unit of body weight during 1 minute of rest. It is equal to about 3.5
milliliters (ml) of oxygen consumption per kilogram (kg) of body weight per minute, or 1 kilocalorie (kcal)
per kg of body weight per hour. Source: www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/using-mets-program-
design
Directions: Let the students go over their results for the self-testing activities assessment
in the previous year as bases for this activity.
Following the fitness plan design shown below, select activities guided by the Principles of
Exercise and the FITT goals.
Fitness Frequency Intensity Type Time
Goals
Parts of (Indicate Light, Form of Exercises, selected
the Fitness days of the Moderate to physical activities
plan week) Vigorous
Warm-up
(Prioritize the weakest component
Workout A________________________
Activity/Exercises
B_________________________
Activity/Exercises
C_________________________
Activity/Exercises
D___________________________
Activity/Exercises
E__________________________
Activity/Exercises
Cool-Down
1. Instruct the student under the Time category on the table to divide the total number of
minutes in the three phases of fitness.
2. Students with Medical Records/Health Problems will perform only light to moderate
workout while those who have no medical/health problems can either be light to moderate
or moderate to vigorous activity/workout.
Objectives:At then end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Create a fitness event( dance) following the three phases of exercise program: warm-up,
workout, and cool down;
2. Perform the fitness dance for a target health issue or concern;
3. Observe safety measures in performing fitness event.
Directions: The fitness will be done at home only due to COVID 19. Do it with your
family only.