CBT (Cognitive-Behav.
Therapy) CMT (ControlCognitiva
TCS (Terapia Mastery Theory)
Standard)
• the sequence analysis of test-intervention-
• consist of a variety of techniques • is a stereotyped psychotherapy
response is an invaluable tool for monitoring the
• is very goal-orented • is a non-explanatory model
therapeutic process
• is based on active and explicit collaboration • minimizes the unconscious processes
• makes possible to effectively monitor the
between therapist and patient • considers the emotions a product of beliefs
therapeutic relationship
• is centered on the patient's current problem • sees cognitive processes as a mere stimulus
• the unconscious plan concept provides a valuable
• provides the patient with the tools to become expression and not an epistemic need
explanatory element
therapist of himself • leaves aside the therapeutic relationship
• its effectiveness is scientifically documented • ignores the sistemic dimension of the patient
• is relatively brief
• requires a relatively simple training
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Cognitive Psychotherapies
(v 1.3.1)
It ‘s a form of psychotherapy
that combines the pragmatism
of the CBT with a
metapsychological angle close
to the psychoanalytic model.
The underlying hypothesis
states that the patient is
guided in the therapeutic
relationship from an
"unconscious plan" aimed at
the solution of its problems.
This proposal is hampered by
"pathogenic beliefs" similar to
the cognitive schemas through
which the patient “test" in an
unconscious way, the reliability
of the therapist.
TOOLS: the "test" of the
patient, is followed by the
'"intervention" of the therapist
and then by the "response" of
the patient, through a constant
monitoring reminiscent of the
Guidano’s "slow motion
tecnique" applied to the
therapeutic relationship
CMT
- Weiss &
Sampson -
‘00
Copyright 2012 – www.psicoterapie.pro
TCS (Functional
FAP (Terapia Cognitiva
AnalyticStandard)
Psycht.) EMDR
• is effective
• has a great attention to the therapeutic • the focus on the therapeutic relationship can
• is simple to implement
relationship scotomize the problematic reality of the patient
• does not require metacognitive skills in the
out of the setting
patients
• does not require complex training by the therapist
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• still remains to demonstrate that it is applicable
outside the therapeutic process and therefore
usable in the"real life" of the patient
It ‘s a highly structured and
protocolled therapy. It allows
a number of sessions, limited
to 16, which become 24 in
the treatment of personality
disorders.
TOOLS: 1 session for
assessment and presentation
of the intervention, 4
sessions for problem
formulation , sessions 5 to 16
for problem re-formulation
and implementation of
procedures designed to
achieve the objectives.
Additional sessions address
issues of greater complexity
relating to personality
disorders
CAT
- Ryle-
‘90
• has an unclear scientific basis
• not always provide stable results
• could be effective in terms of "nonspecific
factors" (not controlled and in this sense
potentially iatrogenic)
TCS(Cognitive
CAT (Terapia Cognitiva
Analytic Standard)
Therapy) TCS (Terapia
Schema Cognitiva Standard)
Therapy TCS (Terapia(based
Mindfulness Cognitiva Standard)
Therapy) DBT
TCS (Dialectical Behavior
(Terapia Cognitiva Therapy)
Standard)
• is a very pragmatic intervention • compared to CBT, with which it shares the merits, • is naive and rough in its epistemology • interventions are not focused on rationalizing • possible onset of severe dissociative phenomena • has an unsurpassed efficacy in the treatment of • is a complex intervention
(Same as CBT)
has a more explanatory and procedural intent • does not refer to any scientific theory dysfunctional emotions during treatment
• is brief • is a stereotyped psychotherapy severe personality disorders • requires a powerfully organized implementation
• is attentive to the needs of the patient • is fragmented and uncoordinated in his quest for • possible pragmatic switch off and change
• is very suitable for public territorial services • is a non-explanatory model structure
• has an undoubted clinical utility description completeness strategies invalidation in the subject
• minimizes the unconscious processes • is socially costly
• represents an attempt to integrate different • assumes a management of the therapeutic • possible attitudes of complacency toward the
• considers the emotions a product of beliefs • requires accurately trained therapists
approaches (not necessarily cognitives) relationship potentially hazardous for both operator
• sees cognitive processes as a mere stimulus
patient and therapist as well as confounding
expression and not an epistemic need
• leaves aside the therapeutic relationship
• ignores the sistemic dimension of the patient
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Developed on the
observation that patients
with psychopathological
Personal constructs as keys to
understand the world and
make it intelligible.
Repertory grid based on the
Very effective Integrated model
of psychotherapy that uses
TOOLS derived from the main It is a meditative practice developed on the concepts of: awareness, acceptance, absence of
problems related to
depression and anxiety
disorders, had thought
assumption that is possible to
estmate the mathematical
relationships between the
cognitive models integrated with
group behavioral ,
psychoeducational and
judgment. There are four different programs based on mindfulness. With the exception of DBT
(Dialectical Behavioral Therapy), which is an authentic, complex and effective intervention model,
It an adaptation of the CBT the ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), the MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction)
streams considered various constructs that can mindfulness interventions ,
for personality disorders and MBCT (Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression) are substantially intervention
dysfunctional and responsible be assessed using non- articulated in a residential
treatment. Focuses its techniques.
for painful emotions. parametric factor analysis. context
intervention as well as on the
Oriented on the TOOLS: "repertory grid"
dysfunctional patterns and
dysfunctional thoughts that organized by pairs of
interpretative distortions that
usually accompany the antithetical attributes
accompany them, on the
therapeutic relationship and experienced emotions.
on the early schemas. It TOOLS: reformulation of
cognitive schemas through
MBSR MBCT
proposes 18 maladaptive - Kabat-Zinn -
ABC and laddering - Segal & Al. -
patterns grouped into five
domains linked with as much ACT
existential needs.
TOOLS: "limited reparenting"
- Hayes -
reformulation of "corrective
emotional experience"
concept of Alexander DBT
- Linehan - MINDFULNESS
SCHEMA
THERAPY
- Young -
PERSONAL
CONSTRUCT
- Kelly - POST –
RATIONALIST
CBT «COGNITIVE
PROCESSES &
EMOTIONAL
MODEL
- Guidano -
- Beck - DISORDERS»
‘70 - Guidano & Liotti -
COGNITIVE -
MIT
‘80 REBT EVOLUTIONARY
-Terzo Centro -
MODEL
- Ellis - - Liotti -
MAHONEY'S
«STUDI
Italy
CRITIQUE COGNITIVI»
MODEL
- Sassaroli -
FAP
- Kohlenberg &
Tsai -
The hypothesis is that the
psychic activity, both normal
and pathological is
EMDR constituted by a set of
patterns similars to the
schema therapy domains. In
particular, the concepts of
Interpersonal Cycles and
It is built in accordance with Metacognitive Functions
the assumptions of represent the most original
attachment theory of John contribution to the model.
Bowlby, and more generally The MF are defined as the
of ethology. Refers to the subject's ability to regulate,
construction of meanings coordinate, integrate their
Guidano & Liotti welcome the mental representations and
critique of Mahoney that that are structured based on
innate rules of conduct coping with problematic
blame the CBT of substantial states.
empiricism. Development of evolutionarily selected. The
Mahoney focuses on the "Cognitive Organizations." conceptual , emotional and
stereotyped character of CBT, TOOLS: “Slow Motion behavioral constructs,
according to a rationalist It argues that each individual
the absence of an Tecnique”
It is based on the behavioral mode are applied to acquires its logic mode
explanatory model, the (identity), with which
analysis of the therapeutic It shares the same functional structural motivational
It is used to access, neutralize marginal role reserved to the organizes the knowledge of
relationship. It is designed to approach of CBT with a frames evolutionarily
and lead to an adaptive emotions and the lack of self and the world and
be used with the traditional focus more oriented on the selected that from time to
resolution, memories of emphasis on the therapeutic through which interprets and
behavioral approaches or dysfunctional emotional time modify the meaning
traumatic experiences that relationship. builds his own reality. This
when the client's ability to experience aspect itself .
relate to others is central in underlie the current assumption , that can also be
his clinical difficulties. problems of the patient. applied to constructivist
These traumatic experiences It is directly derived from models in the post-rationalist
TOOLS: “shaping “of new and
may include: CBT, it uses some aspects of stream, goes further in
more functional behaviors
small / large trauma during schema therapy (the depicting a ceaseless
provided by the therapist's
childhood, common stressful "criticism" and the tendency autopoietic self within which
contingent responses to
events (grief, chronic illness, to “ruminative ideation") as the self-reflection and
patient problems that occur
financial loss, marital conflict, a key to the treatment of observation of the
during the sessions
changes) ,extraordinary eating disorders. phenomenon, constantly
stressful natural change the field of
(earthquakes, floods) or
manmade (serious accidents,
observation, internal and
external . Development of
TCS (Terapia Cognitiva
Post-Rationalist
Mindfulness Model
(based Standard)
Therapy)
torture, violence) events "Personal Meaning
Organizations “.
• is very elegant in epistemological sense • is not interested in nosography
• is an explanatory model • is not suitable for treatment of childhood
• is centered on an inalienable individual need : the • does not take adequate account of the narrative
narrative continuity discontinuity, characteristic not only of some
psychopathological situations, but also of
normality
• does not address the issue of metacognition
• can leave aside the experiential reality of the
patient concentrating more on the therapeutic
process
+ -
«Studi
TCS Cognitivi»
CAT (Terapia ModelStandard)
Cognitiva
(Cognitive Analytic Therapy) MIT
TCS (Metacognitive
(Terapia
Schema Int.Standard)
Cognitiva
Therapy Therapy) TCS
C.P. (Terapia
&
Mindfulness Cognitiva
E.D (Guidano
(based & Standard)
Liotti
Therapy) ’83) Cognitive-Evolutionary Model
(The same as CBT and Schema Therapy) • is not an explanatory model • is an integrated model • sometimes lack of theoretical roundedness • is an explanatory model • does not explain the concept of disorganization • is a real explanatory model • explicitly neglects the narrative dimension
• try to take the best of many cognitive models • leaves aside the subjective dimension of the
• is simple • leaves aside the therapeutic relationship • offers suggestions for clinical intervention and discontinuity of narrative and consciousness • is perfectly adapted to the treatment of childhood • leaves aside other motivational aspects related to
• allows outcome studies therapist
• appears to be effective in the treatment of eating • leaves aside some clinical evidence • allows the patient to be recognized in his identity • focus on the therapeutic process rather than on • focus on patients needs the theory of evolution
• is applicable in any clinical setting • can produce empathic failures in the therapeutic
disorders and in his narratives the real life of the patient • is suitable in multiple contexts • set the therapist in a position close to that
• Is suitable for quantitative outcome studies relationship • is suitable for treatment of personality disorders as • leaves aside the subjective dimension of the • is perfectly compatible with CBT, which appears as expressed by the "limited reparenting" of the
for Axis I disorders therapist a development schema therapy (with the related difficulties )
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