CHEMISTRY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

EHBC 4112

TUTORIAL – CHEMICAL BONDING

1. State 2 types of bonds and explain how it is formed.

Answer: Ionic bond is a chemical bond resulting in an ionic compound from combination of
metals from Group 1,2,13 and non-metals from Group 15,16,17. Ionic bond happens when
the valence electrons are either donated or received among the metal elements. Metals
donate its valence electrons and non-metals receive the valence electrons from the metals
so that to achieve stable duplet or octet electron arrangement. When the transfer of valence
electrons happens, metal atoms become cations while non-metal atoms become anions.
Since both cations and anions have opposite charge, it creates a strong electrostatic force of
attraction that attracts the cations and anions. Covalent bond is a result of covalent
compound, from a combination of 2 or more non-metals only and each of the atoms share
the same valence electrons to achieve duplet or octet electron arrangement. Covalent bond
can happen either between non-metals of the same element or different elements.

2. Draw Lewis Dot Diagram for each of the following:

a. Na
b. C
c. O
d. Cl

3. Draw the formation of the following molecules by using Lewis Dot Cross Diagram and state
the type of bond formed.
a. NaCl

b. CCl4

c. H2O
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EHBC 4112

d. NH3

e. HF

4. Diagram 1 shows the Periodic Table of elements. The letters P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

represent elements and are not the symbols of the actual elements.

P Q U

R S T

V W

Answer the following questions with reference only to the letters given above.
a. State the types of chemical bond found in the compound formed between R and T.
Answer: Ionic bond
b. Draw a formation of compound in (a) by using Bohr atomic model.
CHEMISTRY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
EHBC 4112

Answer:

c. State 2 physical property of the compound in (a).

Answer: Good electrical conductivity. Non votile compound.

5. Complete the table below.

PROPERTIES IONIC COMPOUND COVALENT COMPOUND

Melting point High Low
Volatility Non votile Votile
Solubility Soluble in water and polar Soluble in organic solvent
solvent but insoluble in but insoluble in water.
organic solvent
Electrical conductivity Conduct electricity in Does not conduct
molten or aqueuos electricity in any state.
solution.