Secondary and tertiary sector.

Paula Contento, Sara Hernandez and Antonio Cuquejo

 INDEX
01 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES.

02 MAIN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND

CONSUMERS

EVOLUTION FROM THE 1ST

03 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO
INDUSTRY .

04 THE ORGANISATION
WORLD'S COMMERCE.
OF

05 TRANSPORTS AND TOURISM

 INTRODUCTION:
In this book we are going to start talking about renewable and
non-renewable energy sources, about what they include, how
they work, the types that exist, etc..., the second point we are
going to talk about the main producers and consumers of energy,
the most consuming countries, the types, etc..., in the third point
we are going to talk about the evolution of the 1st industrial
revolution to industry and focus on the different industries of
the revolution.

In the third point we will comment on the evolution of the

1st industrial revolution to the industry and we will focus
on the different industries of the revolution, the fourth
point will talk about the organization of world trade, we
will comment on the organization, the localities etc..., and
finally we will talk about transport and tourism about
what it is, what it is etc...
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES:
Renewable or non-exhaustable forms of energy
include: solar power, wind power, hydroelectric
power, biomass and biofuels, geothermal power, and
power generated by waves, tides, and ocean currents.

Renewable energies are those energy sources based on

the use of the sun, wind, water or plant or animal
biomass, among others. They are characterized by the
fact that they do not use fossil fuels - as is the case with
conventional energies - but rather resources capable of
unlimited renewal.
 Types Renewable Energy Sources:
Solar
Geothermal
Wind Energy
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Tidal energy
Ocean
1) Solar technology can provide heat, cooling, natural light, electricity and fuel for a variety of
purposes. Solar technology converts sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic panels or
through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation.

2) Wind is used to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of air in motion into
electricity. In modern wind turbines, wind rotates the rotor blades, which convert kinetic
energy into rotational energy.

3)Hydropower is a renewable source of energy. The energy generated through hydropower

relies on the water cycle, which is driven by the sun, making it renewable. Hydropower is
fueled by water, making it a clean source of energy.

4)Ocean Renewable ocean energy (or simply ocean energy) is energy derived from the motion
of the ocean or its physical and chemical state. In the United States, ocean energy can be
generated from waves, tides and currents, as well as from temperature differences in the
oceans.

5) Geothermal Energy is a renewable source of energy taken from the Earth's core. It comes
from the heat generated during the planet's initial formation and the radioactive decay of
matter. This thermal energy is stored in rocks and fluids in the Earth's interior.

6)Biomass (energy) refers to a type of energy that is useful in formal energy terms: plants
transform radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

7)Tidal energy is the energy obtained by harnessing the tides: by using an alternator, the
system can be used to generate electricity, thus transforming tidal energy into electrical
energy, a safer and more usable form of energy.
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES

Non-renewable or conventional energy sources are energy

sources that exist in nature in limited quantities and cannot
be replaced when completely consumed, since there is no
economically viable production or extraction system.

There are four major types of nonrenewable resources: oil,

natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas, and
coal are collectively called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were
formed within the Earth from dead plants and animals over
millions of years—hence the name “fossil” fuels.
 NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES

The purpose of this type of energy is generally to

generate electrical energy and mechanical energy. They
are also used to generate mechanical energy (cars). The
energy efficiency of non-renewable sources is very low.

Advantages
Ease of extraction.
High temporal availability.
Long chronological continuity.
Comparatively inexpensive.
Disadvantages
Emission of polluting gases into the
atmosphere that are toxic to life.
Possibility of the termination of reserves in
the short and medium term.
Decreased availability of raw materials
suitable for manufacturing products
instead of being burned.
 MAIN ENERGY PRODUCERS
AND CONSUMERS:
There are a lot of energy producers and
consumers all over the world that mainly use
non-renewable energy sources such as:
1. Oil: This is reserved in some countries such
as Canada, but it is also very consumed by
Japan.
2. Gas: This recourse is reserved in a few
countries like Venezuela and is consumed
in some countries such as Russia.
Even thought there are a lot of countries
non-renawable energy sources for not
saying every single country, there are also
some countries that use renewable energy
sources like:

1. China who produces a lot of solar energy

being the mayor producer of this energy.
2. USA produces mainly wind energy.
3. Brazil is the mayor hydroelectric energy
in the world.
EVOLUTION. FROM THE 1ST INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION TO INDUSTRY 4.0
1ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The first industrial revolution took place in the late
1700s and early 1800s. During this time,
manufacturing evolved from a focus on human
physical labor with the aid of working animals to
more streamlined forms of human labor. Through the
use of hydraulic and steam engines and other types of
machine tools.

2ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
In the early 20th century, the world entered the Second
Industrial Revolution with the introduction of steel and
the use of electricity in factories. The introduction of
electricity allowed manufacturers to increase efficiency
and helped increase the mobility of factory machinery.
It was at this stage that mass production concepts,
such as the assembly line, were introduced as a way to
increase productivity.
 3ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
In the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly
began to emerge as manufacturers began to
incorporate more electronics and eventually
computers into their factories. During this time,
manufacturers began to move away from analog and
mechanical technology and more toward digital
technology and automation software.

4ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The last few decades have seen a fourth industrial
revolution, Industry 4.0. It takes the emphasis on
digital technologies of the past decades to a whole new
level with the interconnectivity of the Internet of
Things (IoT), real-time data access and the
introduction of physically networked systems. It
provides a more comprehensive, interconnected and
holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects the
physical with the digital and enables better
collaboration and access between departments,
partners, suppliers, products and people.
WORD TRADE
ORGANISATION

The World Trade Organization is a global organization that

deals with the rules that are responsible for directing trade
between countries
It's base is located in Ginebra( Sweden). It has 640 workers
in total and its CEO is Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala since The 1st of
March 2021. There are 164 countries that are members of
the World Trade Organisation such as Spain, Italy and
Germany in Europe and other countries out of the
European Union such as Brasil and Argentina. There also
are observant countries that only see what the
organisation does such as Siria, Irán and Irak. The World
Trade Organisation was created on the 1st January of 1995.
The purpose of the World Trade Organisation is to help
ensure that trade flows smoothly freely, equitably and
predictably and that principles and obligations contained
in the World Trade Organisation agreements are respected.
 Most countries in the world are members of the World
Trade Organisation concretely, 164 countries out of 195,
only 31 countries are not members of the world trade
organisation. And of this countries 25 are observants of
the World Trade Organisation.
In the World Trade Organisation there is a Organisation
chart, Ministerial conferences and a General Council.
The most important is the Organisation Chart that is
the supreme decision body at W.T.O.
The W.T.O obtains the majority of their incomes for they
annual budget from de contributions made by their
members
 Transport
Transport is a medium or vehicle that is used for
taking people or things from one place to other

Transport in Spain is known for having a big net of ports,

airports and trains. Spain has the third biggest nets of
ways in the world behind China and USA.

Transport is part of the terciary or services sector and

in Spain it takes a 9, 2% of it. Almost 1 millon of people
in Spain work in transport sector
An 80% of the world population uses public transport like
trains and subway
Public transport is a city's transport service that can be
used by a person for a certain quantity of money
 Some countries have a Transport ministry , for example
our country, Spain has it and it is in charge of the
structures of eath, air and water transport of the country
the control, regulation and ordination of the transport
services in Spain and for guarantee a safe and sustainable
mobility for inhabitants in Spain. In some countries of
South America there also is a Transport minister for
example in Chile or Perú
 Tourism

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon

that involves the movement of people to a country or
place outside their usual environment for personal,
professional or business reasons.

Tourism is not defined by a specific time. You can travel

only for a few hours or months. The characteristic of
tourism is that the subject does not change address (but
moves away) and the places visited are places of transit.
 Tourism
Tourism has become
a major player in
international trade, and at the same time
represents one of the main sources of income for
many developing countries. This growth goes
hand in hand with increased diversification and
competition between destinations.

Tourism services are the set of activities and

utilities that a tourist destination offers to
satisfy the demand of tourists. Among the
most essential services are: accommodation,
food, transport and guiding.
 EXERSISES:
How many members are in the World Trade Organisation?
1
Name 3 countries that are members of the World Trade
Organisation

2 How many people work in transport sector in Spain?

3 Tell me 3 forms of renewable sources

4 What are the 4 main types of non renewable sources?

5
Wich one of this countries mainly use non-renewable

sources?

Japan Russia USA Canada Brazil

6
When was the first industrial revolution and when did it end?

7 How did the third industrial revolution emerge as?

 8 Complete the text

Transport is part of the ______ or services sector and in
Spain it takes a _____ of it. Almost______ of people in
Spain work in transport sector

9 True or False
There were 4 Industrial Revolutions

The World Trade Organisation was created on 4th July

of 1995

The places were tourist go are called places of tourism

Spain has the biggest net of ways in the world

Paula Contento Sara Hernandez and Antonio Cuquejo
Paulasaraandantonio.com
Paulasaraandantonio@gmail.com