How PROFINET Works: A Beginner’s Guide Nelly Ayllon Hunter Harrington

PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI)

International creator, maintainer, and promoter of

open, industrial communication standards
PROFINET and PROFIBUS
PI= PROFIBUS & PROFINET International
Founded 1989

Organization Technologies

27 Regional
PI Associations
PI Competence
Centers
62 Fieldbus Ethernet

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Proxy
PI PI Technology
Test Labs Training Centers
WGs

Sensors & Actuators

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 PI North America

North American Regional PI Association

Founded in 1994 as PROFIBUS Trade Organization
Non-profit and member-supported

Support in North America:

PICC PITC PITL

PROFI Interface Center ✓ ✓ ✓ PICC = PI Competence Center
PITC = PI Training Center
JCOM Automation ✓ ✓ PITL = PI Test Lab

Phoenix Contact Software ✓

HMS ✓

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Sponsors

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How PROFINET Works

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 Networking Knowledge

Full-duplex vs half-duplex communication: cellphone vs walkie talkie

Full-duplex transmission: Data can be transmitted in both directions at the same time.

Half-duplex transmission: Data can be transmitted in both directions, but not at the same time.

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 Networking Knowledge

TCP/IP and UDP/IP: Transport protocols used for sending data packets over the Internet
Protocol
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol 3-way handshake
Connection-oriented protocol
Provides error control and flow control
Built for reliability

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

Connectionless protocol
Simpler transport control protocol
Built for speed IP = Internet Protocol

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 Industrial Automation Challenges

Rough environmental conditions

Complex plant-specific topologies and
configurations
High-performance applications (speed and
determinism)
Costly downtime
Extensive number of connections
(100,000+)

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 The Evolution of Controls in Manufacturing

2000s

1990s Industrial
Ethernet
1950s Fieldbus

Electronic
Controls
Pneumatic (4-20 mA)
Controls

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 First Automated Controls

Pneumatic pressure controls: Move

pressurized or compressed air "signals"
from a controller to a device through
copper or plastic tubes.
Challenges:
Expensive
Signal quality compromised by external
environmental changes (i.e. vibration,
temperature)
Loud systems

Pneumatic Controls
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 Electronic Controls (4-20 mA)

Motivations:
Low-cost
Easy to use
Not subject to major signal line losses
Challenges:
Individual cables and wires
Slow troubleshooting
Prone to unwanted noise interference

Electronic Controls (4-20 mA)

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 Direct Wired System

Controller PLC = Programmable Logic Controller

DCS = Distributed Control System
(PLC, DCS, or PAC) PAC = Programmable Automation Controller

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 Value Proposition: Fieldbuses

Wire and cable reduction

Physical layer: RS-485
Large amounts of information (digital signals)
Network diagnostic information is available
Greater accuracy of digital signals
Resilience towards noise interference

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 Value Proposition: Industrial Ethernet

Savings in wiring and installation costs by using distributed IO mechanisms

Physical layer: Ethernet
100 Mbps, full-duplex
Flexible topology
High bandwidth
Large message size
Extensive address space

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 What is PROFINET?

Communication protocol designed to exchange

data between controllers and devices Web/TCP/IP

Controllers: PLCs, DCSs, PACs… www

PC HMI PLC
Devices: IO blocks, vision systems, RFID readers,
drives, process instruments… Firewall

Open Industrial Ethernet standard (IEC 61158) Router

Physical Layer: Industrial Ethernet Access-

Point
Field
device
Motion
Control

Allows coexistence with other Ethernet protocols

Field
PROFINET exchanges IO data with the device

appropriate speed and determinism

Real-time performance PLC = Programmable Logic Controller
DCS = Distributed Control System
PAC = Programmable Automation Controller

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 Common Industrial Ethernet Questions

Industrial automation applications require determinism, so…

Is Ethernet deterministic?
Can an Ethernet protocol be deterministic?
How does PROFINET achieve determinism?

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 The ISO/OSI Model

Each communication procedure is divided into logical components which are linked via
defined interfaces
Device Services

7 Application layer Applications

Application-
6 Presentation layer oriented Formatting and coding of information Protocols HTTP SNMP Socket
layers
5 Session layer Synchronization and control of communications
TCP/UDP
4 Transport layer Links between devices, segmenting, troubleshooting
Transport-
3 Network layer Packet assembly, selection of route through the network IP
oriented
2 Data link layer layers Access to bus medium; send and receive telegrams
Ethernet
Ethernet
1 Physical layer Generation of electrical signals

ISO = International Standards Organization

OSI = Open Systems Interconnection
HTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol
SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol

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Message Delay

100 m 100 m
64-byte
Switched 100 Mbit/s
packet
Ethernet

Network
Propagation 0.5 µs
21.24 µs
Transmission 5.12 µs

Node time Switch latency 10 µs

330 µs

Transmission 5.12 µs

Propagation 0.5 µs
Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book,
“Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet”

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 Encapsulation

User Data
PROFINET HTTP SNMP Socket
PROFINET
App
TCP/UDP Header User Data
Real-time

Message
IP TCP
Header Application Data

Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet TCP segment
IP TCP Application Data
Header Header
Datagram
Ethernet IP TCP Application Data Ethernet
Header Header Header Trailer
Ethernet Frame

TCP = Transmission Control Protocol

UDP = User Datagram Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol

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 PROFINET EtherType

Ethernet Frame
InterFrame Pre- DST SRC VLAN Ether- Frame Data Cycle Data- Trans
SFD FCS
Gap amble MAC MAC 4 Byte Type ID 40..1440 Counter Status Status
1 Byte 4 Byte
12 Byte 7 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte (optional) 2 Byte 2 Byte Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte

RT Data

EtherType (type of protocol):

EtherType (PN): 0x8892
EtherType (IP): 0x0800 HTTP SNMP Socket PROFINET
EtherType (ARP): 0x0806
EtherType (IPV6): 0x86DD

Real-time
TCP/UDP
…

IP IEEE EtherType
IEEE EtherType 0x8892
0x0800 Ethernet

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 PROFINET Real-time and Jitter

Application Layer WEB SNMP e.g. EtherNet/IP Application Layer WEB SNMP PROFINET

Transport Layer TCP/UDP Transport Layer TCP/UDP

Internet Layer IP Internet Layer IP

Network Access Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Network Access Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3

16 ms

Less than
100 µs
Jitter
8 ms

Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, “Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet”

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 PROFINET Communication Channels

TCP/IP or UDP/IP
PROFINET RT
IT Applications
PROFINET Applications
PROFINET IRT ▪ HTTP
1 Non
▪ SNMP
real-time Real-time data
▪ DHCP... data

TCP/UDP

Real-time
real-time
Non
IP

2 RT 3 IRT
PROFINET RT = PROFINET real-time Ethernet
Real-time
PROFINET IRT = PROFINET isochronous real-time

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 PROFINET: Ethernet Based Network for I4.0

Future proof due to use of IEEE-

standards
1
Standard unmodified Ethernet
0
0
Parallel operation of various Ethernet 0
ERP
0
0
1
MES 10 Cloud

0 0 10
protocols, such as: 0
0
1 1 10 0
1
1 1
1 SCADA 01
OPC UA, HTTP, SNMP, MQTT… 1 0 0 00
10110011010101011100
1 0100110110
0 0 11
Vertical integration 1 PLC
0 00110101
11
1
HMI 00
0 0 0
0
PROFINET supports well known network 0
1 0 1
1 010011011011
1100110100 1 00110
1
structuring using Routers and Bridges 1
0111001110100010011000101010
1 Sensors Actuators
Web servers in PROFINET devices
Remote diagnostic information

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 PROFINET Application Examples

Automotive Oil & Gas & Energy Printing Machinery

Industries Machines for Wood,
Conveying Systems
Power Generation Ceramics and Glass
Assembly Machine
Production
and Textile Industry Chemical and
Medial Industries Plastics
Shipbuilding
Mines und Metal Packaging
Infrastructure
Traffic and Railway Food & Beverage Wind Turbines

Factory Automation Process Automation Motion Control

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 Common Questions

Is PROFINET a protocol?
Is PROFINET Ethernet?
Does PROFINET use IP addresses?

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PROFINET Network Design

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 Cables for PROFINET

Standard Ethernet cable options

Copper and fiber options
Requirement: 100 Mbps transmission speeds
Industrial Ethernet cable: Ruggedized Ethernet cables, built for the factory floor
PROFINET cables: Industrial Ethernet cables that often come with a green jacket, and
comply with ruggedized specifications that have been standardized by PI

Can you implement Cat 5, 5e, Cat 6, 6a, or Cat 7 cables in PROFINET networks?
Yes, but you must check the specifications of each cable
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 Topology and Media Options

Several plant topology options

Wired: Line, tree, star, and ring
Wireless topologies based on Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth
Physical layer: copper, fiber optics, or
wireless
Easy combination of different topologies

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 Switches for PROFINET

Minimum requirements: 100 Mbps, full-

duplex
Switch type options:
Unmanaged switches: No configuration
interface or options. They are inexpensive
and easy to set up.
Managed switches: They provide extra
features, powerful and built-in diagnostics.
PROFINET switch: PROFINET switches are
managed switches that fulfill the minimum
requirements, and also add PROFINET
functionality. They act as a PROFINET device
in the network.

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PROFINET Configuration Basics

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 GSD file

Description of device properties in the GSD

Pluggable modules (Number, Type)
Configuration data of the module (e.g. analog input)
Module parameters (e.g. 4..20mA) XML = eXtensible Markup Language
GSD = General Station Description
GSDML = GSD Markup Language
Diagnostics information (e.g. wire break)
The GSD is XML-based
Where to find the GSD file?
Manufacturer’s website or physically with the product

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 Addressing

PROFINET devices will have a MAC address, IP address and a name (must be unique)
Each PROFINET device and controller requires a device name for easy network
management
IP addresses
Use of IPV4 (32 bit address)
Class A, B, or C
Controller IP and subnet defines
range of addresses for devices

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 Naming and Addressing Tips

Make device the names meaningful. It helps with management and diagnostics.
Ex. filler.jocy.cab1 or filler.192-168-1-8.jocy.cab1 or just filler
Use of correct naming conventions is critical (a-z, 0-9, ., -)
Label the devices with their name and IP (and MAC if not there, should be)
Work with your IT department on the IP address ranges
Most PROFINET devices get the IP from the controller
Duplicate names and IP addresses are not permitted

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 Diagnostics in PROFINET Networks

PROFINET device diagnostics are standardized

Simple diagnostic setup
Simple evaluation in engineering, PLC and HMI
Independent of the used PLC

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 PROFINET Device Diagnostics Structure

Logical model provides quick error localization

Diagnostic information is structured hierarchically
>>>>> Station name >>>> Slot>>> Channel >> Channel type > Error information

Station: Failure in Device Slot: Failure in Module

(e.g. Valve Station 2) (e.g. Analog Input Slot 3)

Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6

Channel 2

Channel: Failure in Channel

(e.g. Wire Break in Channel 2)

Diagnostic Information is not only “PROFINET related”, but also helps in the application

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Configure a PROFINET Network

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 Certified Network Engineer Classes

PROFIBUS or PROFINET Certified Network Engineer class

Full week training @ Johnson City, TN (also available on-site)
Certification requires passing both a theoretical and practical exam
Certified Network Engineers are listed at www.profibus.com
Register Online

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 PROFINET Highlights

1. Flexible topology and media

2. User friendly interface
3. Device diagnostic and asset information
4. Support of motion control applications
5. IT integration: one system for all
6. Options to implement scalable redundancy configurations
7. Energy management profile: PROFIenergy
8. The integrated safety solution: PROFIsafe
9. IO-Link integration
10. Huge organization and support

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Industry Presence

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Worldwide Support

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 Resources

Our website: us.profinet.com

Webinar: Ethernet for Control Engineers
PROFINET Technology Page
PROFINET System Description
PROFINET Intro Video
PROFIBUS vs PROFINET Video
PROFINET Guidelines
Design
Installation
Commissioning
PROFINET Commander Software (free version)
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 Resources

PI North America PROFI Interface Center

16101 N 82nd Street, Suite 3B One Internet Plaza
Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA Johnson City, TN 37604 USA

(480) 483-2456 (423) 262-2576

www.us.profibus.com www.ProfiInterfaceCenter.com

Michael Bryant Torsten Paulsen

Michael Bowne Hunter Harrington
Nelly Ayllon John Swindall
Lynne Froehlich
Marsha Bryant

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 Q&A

Copy of the slide set and recording will be available @

https://us.profinet.com/training/webinars/

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THANK YOU!

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