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Concrete Design Properties according to EN1992-1-1 (γ  = 1.50, f  = 500 MPa)

c yk

C C C C C C C C C C C
Descr C2 C4 C9
Sym 12 16 25 30 35 40 50 55 60 70 80
iptio 0/ 5/ 0/1
bol /1 /2 /3 /3 /4 /5 /6 /6 /7 /8 /9
n 25 55 05
5 0 0 7 5 0 0 7 5 5 5

Chara
cterist
ic
cylin
f  (M der
12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90
ck

Pa) comp
ressiv
e
streng
th

Chara
cterist
ic
cube
f (
comp 15 20 25 30 37 45 50 55 60 67 75 85 95 105
ck,cube

MPa)
ressiv
e
streng
th

f  (M
cm Mean 20 24 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 78 88 98
Pa) cylin
der
comp
 C C C C C C C C C C C
Descr C2 C4 C9
Sym 12 16 25 30 35 40 50 55 60 70 80
iptio 0/ 5/ 0/1
bol /1 /2 /3 /3 /4 /5 /6 /6 /7 /8 /9
n 25 55 05
5 0 0 7 5 0 0 7 5 5 5

ressiv
e
streng
th

Mean
tensil
f  (M 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5.0
e
ctm

Pa) 57 90 21 56 90 21 51 80 07 21 35 61 84 4
streng
th

Elasti
27 28 29 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42
E  ( c 436
08 60 96 47 83 07 22 28 27 21 10 74 24
cm

MPa) modu 31
5 8 2 6 7 7 0 3 8 4 0 3 4
lus

Desig
n
comp
f  (M
ressiv
cd

Pa)  10 13 16 20 23 26 30 33 36 40 46 53
e 8. 60.
(for α .6 .3 .6 .0 .3 .6 .0 .3 .6 .0 .6 .3
streng 00 00
=1.0 7 3 7 0 3 7 0 3 7 0 7 3
th 
cc

0)
(for α
c

c=1.0
0)

f  (M
cd Desig 6. 9. 11 14 17 19 22 25 28 31 34 39 45 51.
 C C C C C C C C C C C
Descr C2 C4 C9
Sym 12 16 25 30 35 40 50 55 60 70 80
iptio 0/ 5/ 0/1
bol /1 /2 /3 /3 /4 /5 /6 /6 /7 /8 /9
n 25 55 05
5 0 0 7 5 0 0 7 5 5 5

n
comp
ressiv
Pa) 
e
(for α .3 .1 .0 .8 .6 .5 .3 .1 .0 .6 .3
streng 80 07 00
=0.8 3 7 0 3 7 0 3 7 0 7 3
th 
cc

5)
(for α c

=0.8
c

5)

Desig
n
f  (M
ctd tensil
Pa)  e
0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2.3
(for α streng
73 89 03 20 35 50 64 77 90 97 03 15 26 5
=1.0
ct th 
0) (for α c

=1.00
t

ρ  ( min Mini 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.2

%) mum 13 13 13 13 15 16 18 19 21 21 22 24 25 62
longit 0 0 0 3 1 7 2 7 2 9 6 0 2
udina
l
tensio
n
reinfo
 C C C C C C C C C C C
Descr C2 C4 C9
Sym 12 16 25 30 35 40 50 55 60 70 80
iptio 0/ 5/ 0/1
bol /1 /2 /3 /3 /4 /5 /6 /6 /7 /8 /9
n 25 55 05
5 0 0 7 5 0 0 7 5 5 5

rceme
nt
ratio

Mini
mum
shear 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ρ  ( 0.1
reinfo 05 06 07 08 08 09 10 10 11 11 12 13 14
w,min

%) 52
rceme 5 4 2 0 8 5 1 7 3 9 4 4 3
nt
ratio

General material properties for reinforced concrete according to EN1992-1-1 §3.1

Material Property Value

Density ρ ≈ 2500 kg/m 3

Unit weight γ ≈ 25.0 kN/m 3

Modulus of elasticity E  
see table above
cm

(secant value between σ  = 0 and 0.4f )

c cm
 Shear modulus G 
G = E / [2 ⋅ (1 + ν) ]
(in the elastic range)

Poisson's ratio ν 
0.2
(uncracked concrete)

Poisson's ratio ν 
0.0
(cracked concrete)

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion α 10 ×10  °K

-6 -1

Notes

1. According to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(2) the following modifications are applicable for the value of the concrete modulus of
elasticity E : a) for limestone aggregates the value should be reduced by 10%, b) for sandstone aggregates the value should be
cm

reduced by 30%, c) for basalt aggregates the value should be increased by 20%.
2. The values of concrete design compressive strength f  are given as a function of the reduction coefficient α  as defined in
cd cc

EN1992-1-1 §3.1.6(1)P. Please consult the National Annex about the appropriate value of α  for each specific design case.
cc

3. The minimum longitudinal tension reinforcement ratio ρ  corresponds to the notional area b d where b  is the mean width of the
min t t

tension zone and d is the effective depth of the cross-section.

4. The minimum longitudinal tension reinforcement ratio ρ  is applicable for tension edges of beams, two-way slabs and
min

principal direction of one-way slabs. This minimum reinforcement is required in order to avoid brittle failure. Typically a
larger quantity of minimum longitudinal reinforcement for crack control is required in accordance with EN1992-1-1 §7.3.2.
For the secondary reinforcement of one-way slabs the minimum reinforcement is 20% of the primary reinforcement in
accordance with EN1992-1-1 §9.3.1.1(2).
5. According to EN1992-1-1 §9.2.1.1(1) Note 2 for the case of beams where a risk of brittle failure can be accepted, the
minimum longitudinal tension reinforcement may be taken as 1.2 times the area required in ULS verification.
6. The minimum shear reinforcement ratio ρ  is defined in EN1992-1-1 §9.2.2(5). It is applicable for beams even if design shear
w,min

reinforcement is not required. For slabs it is applicable only for slabs where design shear reinforcement is required. It
 corresponds to the notional area b s where b  is the width of the web and s is the spacing of the shear reinforcement along the
w w

length of the member.

Design values of concrete material properties according to EN1992-1-1

Unit weight  γ
The unit weight of concrete γ is specified in EN1991-1-1 Annex A. For plain unreinforced concrete γ = 24 kN/m3. For concrete with
normal percentage of reinforcement or prestressing steel γ = 25 kN/m3.

Characteristic compressive strength  f ck

The characteristic compressive strength fck is the first value in the concrete class designation, e.g. 30 MPa for C30/37 concrete. The
value corresponds to the characteristic (5% fractile) cylinder strength according to EN 206-1. The strength classes of EN1992-1-1 are
based on the characteristic strength classes determined at 28 days. The variation of characteristic compressive strength fck(t) with
time t is specified in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.2(5).

Characteristic compressive cube strength  f ck,cube

The characteristic compressive cube strength fck,cube is the second value in the concrete class designation, e.g. 37 MPa for C30/37
concrete. The value corresponds to the characteristic (5% fractile) cube strength according to EN 206-1.

Mean compressive strength  f cm

The mean compressive strength fcm is related to the characteristic compressive strength fck as follows:

fcm = fck + 8 MPa

The variation of mean compressive strength fcm(t) with time t is specified in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.2(6).

Design compressive strength  f cd

The design compressive strength fcd is determined according to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.6(1)P:

fcd = αcc ⋅ fck / γC

where γC is the partial safety factor for concrete for the examined design state, as specified in EN1992-1-1 §2.4.2.4 and the National
Annex.

The coefficient αcc takes into account the long term effects on the compressive strength and of unfavorable effects resulting from the
way the load is applied. It is specified in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.6(1)Pand the National Annex (for bridges see also EN1992-2
§3.1.6(101)P and the National Annex).

Characteristic tensile strength

The tensile strength under concentric axial loading is specified in EN1992-1-1 Table 3.1. The variability of the concrete tensile
strength is given by the following formulas:

Formula for mean tensile strength fctm

fctm [MPa] = 0.30⋅fck2/3 for concrete class ≤ C50/60

fctm [MPa] = 2.12⋅ln[1+(fcm / 10MPa)] for concrete class > C50/60

Formula for 5% fractile tensile strength fctk,0.05

fctk,0.05 = 0.7⋅fctm

Formula for 95% fractile tensile strength fctk,0.95

fctk,0.95 = 1.3⋅fctm

Design tensile strength  f ctd

The design tensile strength fctd is determined according to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.6(2)P:

 fctd = αct ⋅ fctk,0.05 / γC

where γC is the partial safety factor for concrete for the examined design state, as specified in EN1992-1-1 §2.4.2.4 and the National
Annex.

The coefficient αct takes into account long term effects on the tensile strength and of unfavorable effects, resulting from the way the
load is applied. It is specified in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.6(2)P and the National Annex (for bridges see also EN1992-2 §3.1.6(102)P and the
National Annex).

Modulus of elasticity  E cm

The elastic deformation properties of reinforced concrete depend on its composition and especially on the aggregates. Approximate
values for the modulus of elasticity Ecm (secant value between σc = 0 and 0.4fcm) for concretes with quartzite aggregates, are given
in EN1992-1-1 Table 3.1 according to the following formula:

Ecm [MPa] = 22000 ⋅ (fcm / 10MPa)0.3

According to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(2) for limestone and sandstone aggregates the value of Ecm should be reduced by 10% and 30%
respectively. For basalt aggregates the value of Ecm should be increased by 20%. The values of Ecm given in EN1992-1-1 should be
regarded as indicative for general applications, and they should be specifically assessed if the structure is likely to be sensitive to
deviations from these general values.

The variation of the modulus of elasticity Ecm(t) with time t is specified in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(3).

Poisson ratio  ν
According to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(4) the value of Poisson's ratio ν may be taken equal to ν = 0.2 for uncracked concrete and ν = 0 for
cracked concrete.

Coefficient of thermal expansion  α

According to EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(5) the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion α may be taken equal to α = 10⋅10-6 °K-1,
unless more accurate information is available.
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement  ρ   for beams and slabs
min

The minimum longitudinal tension reinforcement for beams and the main direction of slabs is specified in EN1992-1-1 §9.2.1.1(1).

As,min = 0.26 ⋅ (fctm / fyk)⋅bt⋅d

where bt is the mean width of the tension zone and d is the effective depth of the cross-section, fctm is the mean tensile strength of
concrete, and fyk is the characteristic yield strength of steel.

The minimum reinforcement is required to avoid brittle failure. Typically a larger quantity of minimum longitudinal reinforcement for
crack control is required in accordance with EN1992-1-1 §7.3.2. Sections containing less reinforcement should be considered as
unreinforced.

According to EN1992-1-1 §9.2.1.1(1) Note 2 for the case of beams where a risk of brittle failure can be accepted, As,min may be taken
as 1.2 times the area required in ULS verification.

Minimum shear reinforcement  ρ w,min   for beams and slabs

The minimum shear reinforcement for beams and slabs is specified in EN1992-1-1 §9.2.2(5).

ρw,min = 0.08 ⋅ (fck0.5) / fyk

where fck is the characteristic compressive strength of concrete and fyk is the characteristic yield strength of steel.

The shear reinforcement ratio is defined in EN1992-1-1 §3.1.3(5) as:

ρw = Asw / [ s⋅bw⋅sin(α) ]

where where bw is the width of the web and s is the spacing of the shear reinforcement along the length of the member. The angle α
corresponds to the angle between shear reinforcement and the longitudinal axis. For typical shear reinforcement with perpendicular
legs α = 90° and sin(α) = 1.