ADVANCED MILITARY MATHEMATICS ASSIGNMENT 1

Submitted To Fulfill One Of The Assignment

Introduction To Mathematical Logic
Lecturer:
Muhamad Syazali, S.Si., M.Si.

By
Tantahara
NIM. 120220101021

TOTAL WAR STRATEGY STUDY PROGRAM

DEFENSE STRATEGY FACULTY
DEFENSE UNIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

JAKARTA
2023
 2

Use the truth table to check if the following propositions are tautologies,
contradictions, or contingencies?
1. 𝑝 ∧ −𝑝
2. 𝑝 → 𝑞 ∨ 𝑝
3. [(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 ↔ 𝑟)] → (𝑝 ↔ 𝑟)
4. [(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (−𝑞 ∨ 𝑝)] → (𝑝 ↔ 𝑞)

Answer:
1. Contradiction: Propositions that are always of false value.
𝑝 -𝑝 𝑝 ∧ −𝑝
1 0 0
0 1 0

2. Tautologies: Propositions that are always of true value.

𝑝 𝑞 𝑝 →𝑞 ∨ 𝑝
1 0 1
1 1 1
0 0 1
0 1 1

3. Contingencies
𝑝 q r [(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑞 ↔ 𝑟)] → (𝑝 ↔ 𝑟)
1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 0 0 F
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1

4.
𝑝 q 𝑝 →𝑞 -𝑞∨𝑝 [(𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (−𝑞 ∨ 𝑝)] → (𝑝 ↔ 𝑞)
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1