COW MANURE CO-COMPOSTED WITH RICE STRAW ENHANCED WITH

FISH AMINO ACID ON PEPPER (Capsicum annuum)

ARLYN MENESES

THESIS OUTLINE

Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Roxas, Isabela

October 2021
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Importance of the Study

Pepper with the Scientific name of Capsicum annuum, belongs to the solanaceae

family. Pepper includes different plants with common names Including chili pepper,

Tabasco pepper, African chilies cayenne pepper, paprika and also Christmas pepper.

Pepper Originated in the South America where when they used in favor of medicinal and

culinary purpose. In addition Capsicum annuum also utilized as an antiseptic counter

irritant, appetite stimulator antioxidant and immunomodulator. Moreover the leaves of it's

plant have anti oxidant activity.

Like any other crop. Peppers are subject to biotic and abiotic factors effects that

negatively affect yield. One of the main biotic factors that negativity affect yield is the

presence of weeds. Pepper culture is extremely susceptible to the interference of these

plants because it's presents slow initial growth and low Index of leaf area in relation to it.

Cow manure is a great all-purpose fertilizer. It’s low in nitrogen so it won’t burn your

tender plants, and has a good balance of nutrients. What’s more, since a cow’s four

stomachs digest its food so thoroughly, very few weed seeds make it through, so you

don’t have to worry about them.

Rice straw can suppress annual weeds and offer other Important benefits, such as

potassium and silicon. also reach in nitrogen.

Fish Amino Acid (FAA) Increase soil fertility and enrich soil nutrients, Promote the

growth of Crop roots and leaves, and enhance photosynthesis, especially for seedlings.

Increase crop yield by 10% to 40% Improve crop quality extend the harvest period, and

be more conducive to long term storage and Improve Crop resistance ability.
B. Objectives of the Study

The study will be conducted to determine the effect of using Cow Manure Co-

Composted with Rice straw enhanced with Fish Amino Acid on Pepper.

specifically it aims to answer the following.

1. To evaluate the growth and yield performance of Pepper with different levels of

enhanced with Fish Amino Acid.

2. To Find out which treatment could give the best result specifically in height and

weight of pepper.

C. Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted from March to May at Matusalem, Roxas, Isabela.

D. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will be Focused on the effect of using Cow Manure Co-Composted

with Rice straw enhanced with Fish Amino Acid on Pepper.

This study will last in at least 100 days of growing and harvesting period.

E. Definition of Terms

In order to have a better understanding of what the study is, the following

technical terms are hereby defined:

Furrow. It is a long, narrow groove or track cut in the ground by plow.

Growth. It refers to the sum of the various physiological processes to cause an

increase in the dry weight of an organism and an increase in size.

 Infestation. Occurrence of insect pest above the economic threshold level.

Pepper. used as vegetable and used as relishes, pickled or ground into a fine

powder for use as a spice. and Peppers are grown as ornamentals.

Pest. Any unwanted organism which competes plants for food and shelter or

threatens their health, comfort and welfare.

Resistance. Ability of the crop to withstand damage caused by pest or disease

attack without significant yield reduction.

Weeding. It is the process of removing unwanted plants to the experimental area.

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Catherine Moravec (2015) Stated that Fish Amino Acid microbial activity enhances the

strength and vigor of plants by increasing the amount of organic matter in the soil. Fungi

and bacteria break down nutrients to make them available to plant roots, and then loosen

the dirt as they travel, reproduce, process nutrients and decay, leaving soil aerated with

improved levels of organic matter. Plant roots grow faster and stronger in this light, airy

soil that is teeming with life

David Whiting (2016) stated that Fish Amino Acid improves soil health, it also increases

soil fertility by providing the primary nutrients necessary for plants to thrive. FAA offer

a source of burn-free nitrogen, along with the other primary nutrients of phosphorus and

potassium.

Fish is a rich source of a low-fat high quality protein. It is filled with omega-3 fattyacids

and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is also rich in calcium and

phosphorusand a great source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and

potassium(Pagluanan, E.R.anical, R.V., 2010).

According to Gianessi and Williams (2012) chili pepper (capsicum annum) is very

popular in every country, including India. Three-fourths of India’s farmer had use chili

(capsicum) as pesticides to protect or even secure the certain level of crop yield. In
addition, it can also help to minimize risk of crop failure and losses and to deplete the

higher number of insect pests such as borers, thrips and etc. also, it provides tremendous

benefit of using pesticides include increased food production, increased profits for

farmers and the prevention of diseases. (Ahmed, 2010)

G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu (2007) Stated that farmers around the

world provides a pesticide that can be used to exclude the number of pests and insects.

Pepper (annum) as organic pesticides has a feasibility to control the highest quantity of

pests and to have a highest rate of crop production. Consequently, it can help to the

quickly growth of fibers and plants. Today, chili pepper (capsicum annum) grow widely

in many parts of the world as an important commercial crops that can be tested to

produce an organic pesticides without bad effect to the health of the people and also that

is eco-friendly.

Murray and Anderson (2004) stated that Fish emulsions have been documented to

promote seedling growth, Fruiting and microbe action in the soil.

El-Tarabily et al (2003) One such emulsion, Fish Amino Acid (FAA) is produced by

Fermenting fresh fish by-products FAA is used in conjunction with other Natural

Farming inputs and Applied as either a light foliar mist or a soil drench to maximize

uptake and minimize runoff or leaching providing just enough N to the plant for optimum

uptake and production of chlorophyll to maintain plant health.

 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Materials

Rice straw Drawn Plow Cow Manure

Water Sprayer

Molasses Meter Stick

Pepper seeds Record Note

Fish Amino Acid Ball Pen

B. Methods

1. Securing the Seeds

The seeds of Pepper will be purchased from the Department of Agriculture -

Isabela Experiment Station (IES) located at Upi, Gamu, Isabela

2. Clearing the Experimental Area

The area will be cleared from grasses and other foreign materials to facilitate

thorough land preparation.

3. Land Preparation

Thorough land preparation is important to obtain high yield since the operation

renders the soil for seed germination resulting to high plant stand and ensure healthy and
uniform growth of Pepper. The land will be prepared by alternately plowing and

harrowing

4. Laying outing the Experimental Area

The area will be divided into three (3) equal blocks following the Randomized

Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each block will be further subdivided into four (4)

equal plots with a dimension of 4 meters by 3 meters. Each had an alleyway of 0.5 meter

between plots.

5. Planting

The method of planting used was hill-to-row. The seeds will be planted at 60

centimeters between furrows and 30 centimeters between hills in a row. The proper rate

of seeding in this experiment will be 3 seeds per hill. Thinning will be done five (5) days

after emergence leaving two (2) plants per hill. The seeds will be covered lightly with a

thin layer of soil to ensure to good germination.

6. Replanting of Missing Hills

Replanting of the missing hills will be done six (6) days after emergence.

7. Application of Fish Amino Acid

The application of Fish Amino Acid (FAA) will be sprayed directly on the roots of the

plants. The FAA will be applied at two -week interval following the recommended levels

of application.

The following treatments are as follows:

T1- Recommended rate (soil analysis)

T2- 75% RRSA +25% CCM with Rice Straw + RR FAA

T3- 50% RRSA + 50% CCM with Rice Straw + RR FAA

 T4- 25% RRSA + 75% CCM with Rice straw + RR FAA

T5- 100% CCM with Rice Straw

8. Care and Management of the Experiment

a. Watering. The field will be irrigated right after planting or whenever necessary

using manual watering to have a uniform germination of seeds.

b. Weeding. Hand weeding will be done as often as necessary. Even after

flowering, spot weeding was still of much benefit to the crop.

c. Cultivation. Hilling-up will be done 20 days after planting to promote or

improve pod development as well as to prevent the growth of weeds.

9. Data to be Gathered

a. Average Plant Height in Centimeter. p The height of the ten (10) representative

plants will be measured from the base up to the tip of the growing point of the plant with

the use of a tape measure. Measuring the height of the plants will be done 20, 40 and 60

days after planting.

b. Average Number of leaves per Plant. The number of leaves of ten (10)

representative plants per treatment will be counted and recorded.

 c. Average length of fruit. The length of fruit of ten(10) representative plants per

treatment will be recorded.

d. Average number of days to flowering. The number of days to flowering of

ten(10) representative plants per treatment will be recorded.

e. Average weight of fruit per plot. The weight of the fruit of ten(10)

representative plants per treatment will be recorded.

f.. Yield per Hectare in Kilogram. The yield per hectare will be determined with

the formula:

Yield per Plot (kg) x 10,000 m 2

Yield per Hectare=
Sumpling Area (m 2)

f. Costs and Return Analysis. Costs and return analysis will be determined in the

evaluation of the economic viability of the treatments used in this study. All labor and

material inputs used will be recorded to determine the costs and return analysis.

10. Harvesting

Pepper are harvested 60-90 days after planting. Harvesting will be done at 3 days

interval to prolong the productive life of the plants. Harvesting was done manually.

Harvest the Pepper clip it off at the stem with shears or sharp scissors. To avoid weight

loss, harvesting will be done early in the morning or during the cooler times of the day.

11. Statistical Analysis

The data gathered from all the treatments will be properly tabulated, computed

and analyzed following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Least

Significant Differences (LSD) will be used in comparing the treatment means.

 IV. OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

A. Observation

1. Germination and Days of Emergence

2. Stand and Vigor of the Plants

3. Presence of Pests and Diseases

4. Number of Days to Complete Flowering

5. Number of Days of Harvesting

B. Discussion of Results

1. Average Plant Height at 20 and 40 Days after Planting and at Maturity in Centimeter

2. Average Number of leaves per Plant

3. Average Weight of Production per Representative Plant in Gram

4. Total Yield per Plot in Kilogram

5. Computed Yield per Hectare in kilogram

6. Costs and Return Analysis

 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Summary and Conclusion

B. Recommendation
 VI. LITERATURE CITED

Catherine Morovec (2015) The Living soil, Colorado State University, October 2015
David Whiting (2016) Plant Nutrition, Colorado State University Extension, January
2016
Gianessi and Williams (2012) https://sectionthegroup3blog.wordpress.com./2017/03/10
Pagulanan.E.R. anical R,V, 2010
Biodiversity, Biological Cycles, Ecological Management Fish Amino Acid (FAA)
Organic Fertilizer. Faculty, Quirino, State University Maddela, Quirino
G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu (2007) Pepper Extract as Organic
Pesticides https://sectionthegroup3blog.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/
Murray and Anderson (2004) Gho Global Farming. Hawaii, Hilo, HI
Natural Farming: Fish Amino Acid College of Tropical Agriculture and Human
Resources, Cooperative, Extension, Hilo, HI
El-Tarabily et al (2003
Global Farming. Hawaii, Hilo, HI
Natural Farming: Fish Amino Acid College of Tropical Agriculture and Human
Resources, Cooperative, Extension, Hilo, HI
 EXPERIMENTAL LAYOUT

Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)

T1 T3 T2

T5 T3 T4

17.5m

T3 T1 T4

0.5m

T4 T2 1m T5 4m

11m
3m
LEGEND:

Total Are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.5 square meters

Block Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 meters x 4.0 meters
 Plot Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 meters x 3.0 meters
Distance Between Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 meter
Distance Between Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 meter