MINERAL PADA BATUAN SEDIMEN

MUSCOVITE
General Formula: System:
Sample: PT-51
KAl2(Al,Si3O10)(OH)2 Monoclinic

Muscovite Flakes Muscovite Flakes

Elongated, The flakes of
colourless flakes of muscovite display
muscovite, in a the characteristic
pelite from the second order blue
Grenville interference colour.
Block diagram showing the relationship
Supergroup, Note that the
between the crystallographic axes and
Central muscovite flakes
the indicatrix axes.
Metasedimentary define the fabric in
Belt of the the sample, with all
Grenville exhibiting an EW
Province.  orientation.
Field of view = 2.7 Field of view = 2.7
mm, plane light mm, crossed polars

Optical Properties
Colour colourless Form found as
Pleochroism non pleochroic micaceous flakes
or tablets with
irregular outlines
Relief moderate positive Cleavage perfect on {001}
RI nalpha = 1.552-1.580
nbeta = 1.582-1.620
ngamma = 1.587-1.623
Birefringence 0.036-0.049 Twinning rare
Interference vivid second order blues
Colours and greens
Interference biaxial Optic parallel
Figure negative Orientation extinction,
Optic Sign 30-47° cleavage traces
2V are length slow
Composition highly variable Alteration not generally
altered
Occurrence common in a wide variety Distinguishing colourless,
of metamorphic rocks, Features parallel
felsic igneous rocks and as extinction,
detrital grains in "birds-eye"
sedimentary rocks extinction

CALCITE
General Formula: System:
Sample: M-24
CaCO3 Hexagonal (trigonal)

Calcite
Calcite
Irregular calcite crystals
Extreme inteference
within a marble. Note
colours of calcite and Block diagram showing the
the rhombohedral
the presence of relationship between the
cleavage displayed by
twinning in the top crystallographic axes and the
the grain just left of
right grain. indicatrix axes.
center.
Field of View = 2.7
Field of View = 2.7 mm,
mm, crossed polars
plane light
 Optical Properties
Colour colourless Form variety of habits, but
Pleochroism non pelochroic usually coinsist of
scalenohedron and
rhombohedron
combinations. In most
rocks calcite forms
anhedral grains or grain
aggregates
Relief moderate negative to Cleavage perfect rhombohedral
RI high positive, cleavage, angle between
marked change with cleavages 74°57'
stage rotation
nw = 1.658
ne = 1.486
Birefringence 0.172 Twinning lamellar twins parallel to
Interference extreme, creamy one edge of the cleavage
Colours high order colours rhomb or along the long
diagonal of the rhomb
Interference uniaxial Optic extinction is inclined or
Figure negative Orientation symmetrical to cleavage
Optic Sign traces, the fast ray is
2V parallel to the short
diagonal of the
rhombohedral faces
Composition dominantly CaCO3, Alteration altered to dolomite
but substitution of during diagenesis,
Mg, Fe, Mn, or Zn calcite is soluble in
and minor Sr and Ba natural waters and may
be removed by solution
Occurrence common and Distinguishing cleavage, variable relief,
widespread as a Features extreme interference
major mineral in colours
limestones, and an
accessory in igneous,
metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks

QUARTZ
General Formula: System:
Sample: M-20
SiO2 Hexagonal (trigonal)

Orthoquartzite
Subrounded quartz Orthoquartzite
grains cemented in a Note the variety of
matrix of silica. The orientations present Block diagram showing the
grain boundaries are in the randomly relationship between the
clearly marked by oriented quartz crystallographic axes and the
the fine grained grains. indicatrix axes.
inclusions. Field of View 2.7
Field of View 2.7 mm, crossed polars
mm, plane light

Optical Properties
Colour colourless Form typically anhedral to
Pleochroism non-pleochroic highly irregular in
igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
Detritial grains are are
more or less equant.
Relief/ low positive relief Cleavage not observed
RI nw = 1.544
ne = 1.553
Birefringence 0.009 Twinning non observed
Interference Maximum interference
Colours colour range up to first
 order white, with a
tinge of yellow
Interference unixial positive, but Optic optic axis is the c
Figure/ strained displaying Orientation axis. Elongate crystals
Optic Sign undulatory extinction cut from end to end
2V may show a biaxial are length slow.
interference figure with
a small separation of
the isogyres.
Composition essentially pure SiO2, Alteration not readily altered and
although trace amounts is very stable in
of Ti, Fe, Mn, Al may weathering
be present. environments.
Occurrence one of the most widely Distinguishing low relief, low
abundant minerals, Features birefringence, lack of
present in a wide cleavage, uniaxial
variety of positive.
environments.