PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI – IKATAN AUMNI TEKNIK GEOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
Theme:
“KONTRIBUSI DAN TANTANGAN GEOSAINS DALAM MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN NASIONAL”,

INTENSIFICATION OF EXPLORATION AS AN APPROACH TO

INCREASE HYDROCARBON RESERVE USING NEW METHOD AND
TECHNOLOGY
By;
AGUS GUNTORO
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, FTKE
UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
agus.g@trisakti.ac.id

WEBINAR SEMINAR
SATURDAY, 09.00-11.00, 20TH JUNE 2020
 THE
PARADIGM
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY HAS ALWAYS BEEN A
STRATEGIC NATION CAPITAL AND WILL CONTINUE
TO BUILD A STRONG CIVILIZATION DEVELOPMENT
AG
 LIST OF CONTENTS
• I. INTRODUCTION
• II. EXPLORATION SITUATION
• III. PHYLOSOPHY AND PLAY CONCEPTS
• IV. NEW PLAYS AND APPROACH
• CONCLUSIONS
 I. INTRODUCTION

THEME “KONTRIBUSI DAN TANTANGAN GEOSAINS DALAM

MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN NASIONAL”

INTENSIFICATION OF EXPLORATION AS AN APPROACH TO INCREASE HYDROCARBON

RESERVE

METHODS TECHNOLOGY Scientific

understanding of
finding oil and gas
depend on
development of
methods and
APPLIED NEW PLAYS TO INTENSIFY EXPLORATION technology
TO INCREASE RESERVE
 PERANAN SUB SEKTOR MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI BAGI PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

P ROPORSI PENERIMAAN MIGAS DALAM BN

AP
AMANAT PEMBUKAAN UNDANG-UNDANGDASAR 1945;
“PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL INDONESIA SEBAGAI WUJUD DARI CITA- PARADIGMA BARU (UU ENERGI):
CITA BANGSA MIGAS TIDAK LAGI SEBAGAI REVENUE
TETAPI SBG MODAL DASAR
1970-2000
 STRATEGIC
ISSUES
•INDONESIAN’ OIL & GAS
PRODUCTION AND RESERVE DECLINING
• INCREASING OIL AND GAS CONSUMPTION
• INCREASING IMPORT OF OIL
•RISK TO GEOPOLITICAL DYNAMICS IN TERMS OF OIL AND
GAS DELIVERY
PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI, KONSUMSI DAN JUMLAH
WK

•IN 1956, HUBBERT PREDICTED

THATGLOBAL OIL PRODUCTION
WOULD PEAK AROUND THE
YEAR 2000 AND TRIGGER AN
ENERGY CRISIS WITH POWER
BLACKOUTS AND RISING COSTS
OF ENERGY AND FUEL
 PEAK
OIL
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert_peak_oil_plot.svg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert.jpg

Era of
energ
y
crisis

Hubbert (1903-1989)

•IN 1956, HUBBERT PREDICTED THATGLOBAL OIL PRODUCTION WOULD PEAK

AROUND THE YEAR 2000 AND TRIGGER AN ENERGY CRISIS WITH POWER
BLACKOUTSAND RISING COSTS OF ENERGY AND FUEL
REALISASI & OUTLOOK (2000 –
2050)
PROFIL PRODUKSI MINYAK DAN GAS
BUMI
 CADANGAN MINYAK DUNIA

Rank 29th

Data Indonesia Venezuela Perbandingan MALAYSIA

US$ 49,138 OIL & GAS RESERVE PER CAPITAGDP US$ 16,200
Cadangan Minyak 3,7 211,2 Tidak lebih dari 5%
Luas Negara 1,904,569 km2 916,445 km2 2 x lebih luas INDONESIA
US$ 5,715 OIL & GAS RESERVE PER CAPITA GDP US$
Jumlah25-Jun-
Penduduk 237,424,363 28,946,101 Hampir 10 x lipat 4,700
20
 KETAHANAN
ENERGI THE WORLD ENERGY
COUNCIL’S DEFINITION
KETAHANAN ENERGI MERUPAKAN ASPEK YANG MELIPUTI; OF ENERGY
 KETERSEDIAAN SUMBER ENERGI, SUSTAINABILITY IS
 KETERJANGKAUAN PASOKAN ENERGI, DAN BASED ON THREECORE
DIMENSIONS:
 KELANJUTAN PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI BARU
TERBARUKAN  ENERGY
SECURITY,
BERDASARKAN DATA YANG DIRILIS DEWAN ENERGI DUNIA,  ENERGY EQUITY,
KETAHAHAN ENERGI INDONESIA MENGALAMI PENURUNAN AND
DARI 2010 – 2014;  ENVIRONMENTA
L
2010: PERINGKAT KE-29 SUSTAINABILIT
2011: PERINGKAT KE-47. Y
2014: PERINGKAT KE-69 DARI 129 NEGARA

HAL ITU TERJADI KARENA KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN ANTARA LAJU

KETERSEDIAAN ENERGI DENGAN KEBUTUHANENERGI DI
MASYARAKAT

INDONESIA DIAMBANG DARURAT ENERGI

I
N
SKEMAKETAHANAN ENERGIDAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR

ENER VITAL & KEBUTUHAN DASAR

GI STRATEGIS PEMBANGUNAN

KETAHANAN
KEAMANAN
NASIONA
ENERGI
L
KETAHANAN ENERGI INDONESIA TERLIHAT RAPUH
SUPPLY MEMERLUKAN
DAN TEROBOSAN DALAM HAL INTENSIFIKASI
N DEATAU
MAND ?? KRISIS
DIVERSIFIKAS
DA
ENERGI I
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY (IAE): KEAMANANENERGI DIDEFINISIKAN SEBAGAI KEAMANAN PERBEDAAN PENDEFINISIAN
PASOKANPADA HARGA YANG TERJANGKAU. TERJADI KARENA SETIAP
NEGARA MEMILIKI PERHATIAN
ARAB SAUDI MENDEFINISIKAN KEAMANANENERGI SEBAGAI “ MAINTAINING AND ENHANCINGACCESS TO DAN PERMASALAHAN YANG
WHERE THE OIL EXISTS IN SUCH OBVIOUS ABUNDANCE. BERBEDA- BEDA.
GUNTORO (2015) MENDEFINISIKAN: SEBAGAI KEMAMPUANNEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA UNTUK
MENGHASILKAN DAN MENYEDIAKAN ENERGI SECARA MANDIRI BERDASARKAN KOMPARATIF, MERATA,
ADIL DAN BERKELANJUTAN SERTA BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN YANG DIPERUNTUKAN BAGI
PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS NEGARA SECARA MENYELURUH

INDONESIA TIDAK SECURE

KEBIJAKAN ENERGI
NASIONAL
 TAHUN 1982, KEBIJAKAN ENERGINASIONAL (KEN), PEMERINTAH MENCANANGKAN 5 (LIMA) KEBIJAKAN STRATEGIK DI
BIDANG ENERGI; YAITU;
 INTENSIFICATION,
 DIVERSIFICATION, PERUBAHAN STATUS; FROM EXPORTIR OIL
 CONSERVATION, MENJADI
 INDEXSATION NET IMPORTIR OIL (2002)
AND
 ENERGY PRICE.

 TAHUN 2003, KEBIJAKAN ENERGINASIONAL (KEN); TAHUN 2003 – 2020; MENCANANGKAN KEAMANAN PASOKAN ENERGI
NASIONAL YANG BERKELANJUTAN DAN EFFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN ENERGI

ATAS DASAR ITU PERLUNYA MEMAHAMI AKAR PERMASALAHAN DARI

KRISIS ENERGI DAN RENCANA AKSI YANG JELAS DANTERUKUR DALAM
MENCAPAI KEMANDIRIAN ENERGI DI TANAH AIR.
II. EXPLORATION SITUATION
 47

39

Korelasi antara Keberadaan Wilayah

kerja dan lokasi cekungan
WESTERN EASTERN
INDONESIA INDONESIA

PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH DANSTATUS CEKUNGAN ANTARA WESTERN AND EASTERN

INDONESIAN GEOLOGICAL PROVINCES
 TREND KEGIATAN EKSPLORASI
INDONESIA

DALAM 5 TAHUN TERAKHIR INI

DIPERKIRAKAN;
 OIL REPLACEMENT RATIO SEKITAR 40%
 GAS REPLACEMENT RATIO SEKITAR 90%

PERMASALAHAN
PENEMUAN LAPANGAN MIGAS VOLUMENYA JAUH
SEMAKIN
MENGECIL

ESDM, 2013
SEMAKIN MENURUN PEMBORAN DENGANDENGAN TINGKAT KESUKSESAN PEMBORAN SEKITAR
30%. NAMUN DATA MEMPERLIHATKANPENEMUAN SEMAKIN KECIL DALAM UKURAN LAPANGAN
 TREND JUMLAH DAN VOLUME PENEMUAN (1994 –
2012)

GO TO EASTERN TO
FIND BIG FISH

Siswoutomo, S., 2013

PENEMUAN DI BAGIAN BARAT LEBIHKECIL VOLUME PENEMUAN PERLAPANGANNYA DIBANDINGKAN
INDONESIA BAGIAN TIMUR. SEHINGGA DI INDONESIA BARAT MEMBUTUHKAN BANYAK PENEMUAN
UNTUK MENCAPAI VOLUME YANG DTEMUKAN ATAU SATU PENEMUAN DI BAGIAN TIMUR
PERMASALAHAN EKSPLORASI MIGAS INDONESIA

Sani, M., 2016

III. PHYLOSOPHY AND PLAY CONCEPTS
 OI
PHILOSOPH L
Y &
OIL IS FOUND IN THE MINDS OF GA
MEN S
(PRATT 1952; TOWARD A PHYLOSOPHY OFOIL FINDING. AAPGBULLETIN )

WE USUALLY FIND OIL IN NEW PLACES WITH OLD IDEAS.

SOMETIMES, ALSO, WE FIND OIL IN AN OLD PLACE WITH A NEW
IDEA, BUT
WE SELDOM FIND MUCH OIL IN AN OLD PLACE WITH AN OLD IDEA
(DICKEY, P.A 1958)

THE UNDISCOVERED OIL AND GAS FIELDS EXISTS

ONLY
AS AN IDEA IN THE EXPLORATIONIST IDEAS

NEW PLAYS FORFUTURE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN

INDONESIA
LEVEL OF PETROLEUM INVESTIGATION
 PEMAHAMAN GEOLOGI DAN EKSPLORASI HIDROCARBON

BUMI PERGERAKAN BUMI

TEMPORA
L
(CUSTAL) OROGE
SPATIA
DEFORMASI N L

INSPECIFIC OCCURRED IN INDONESIAN

ARCHIPELAGO

BASIN MAGMATIC
EVOLUTION EVOLUTION
BASI BASIN FILLING BASIN
DEFORMATIO
N PROCESS STRUCTURIZAT
N ION

STRUCTURAL , STRATIGRAPHYCAL AND VOLCANIC

PROCESSES
OF INDONESIAN OROGEN
IV. NEW PLAYS AND APPROACH

IN NEW PLACES WITH NEW IDEAS AND TECHNOLOGY

&
IV. BASINS IN VOLCANIC
SYSTEMS
 INFO LAPANGAN

Mohriak, W., 2020

IT IS ALSO NOTED ALONG THOSE
South Atlantic volcanic islands offshore
PRODUCINGAND PROSPECTING BASIN Brazil
ABOVE, WHERE SEISMIC DATA IS ALMOST
NONE IN THE AREA OF SURFACE
COVERED BY VOLCANICS

DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANIC ROCK COVERED AREAS IN JAVA AND OVERLAY

WITHSEISMIC AND WELL DATASHOWING STILL RARE SEISMIC AND WELL DATA
AVAILABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANIC ROCK COVERED AREAS IN SUMATERA AND OVERLAY
WITH SEISMIC AND WELL DATA SHOWING STILL RARE SEISMIC AND WELL DATA
AVAILABILITY
 FUTURE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION
FROM TRANSISI MENUJU
SUNDALAND SAHULLAND
FROM NON-VOLCANIC COVEREDOR
TO VOLCANIC COVERED
 INTRA-CRATONICS AREAS
 BACK-ARC  CONTINENTAL-SHELF
 INTRA-ARC o FORE-ARC  PASSIVE-MARGIN
 CONTINENTAL-SHELF o SHELF-SLOPE MARGIN  RIFTING
 RIFTING o RIFTING-MICROCONTINENTS  FORELAND
 PULL-APART o PULL-APART  INTER-ARC
 INTERMOUNTAIN o INTER-ARC
 FORE-ARC

AFTER BADANGEOLOGI, KESDM, (2011)

THE COMPARISON OF HYDROCARBON DISCOVERIES IN WESTERN

AND EASTERNINDONESIA SHOWING IN EASTERN INDONESIA IS LESS
THAN WESTERN INDONESIA.
 EXPLORATION
HISTORY CYCLE ONE (1896—1930) — SURFACE GEOLOGY AND SHALLOW SEEP DRIVEN
AND MOSTLY IN AIR BENAKAT FORMATION ACCOMPANIED BY INTENSE SHALLOW
DRILLING RESULTING IN DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIVELY MINOR OIL RESERVES. IN 1921;
EXPLORATION CYCLE TERMINATED BY THE DISCOVERIES OF LARGE TALANG AKAR OIL
RESERVES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BASIN.

•CYCLE TWO (1930-1942) - GRAVITY SURVEYS AND SYSTEMATIC DEEP TALANG AKAR
TESTS ON SURFACE STRUCTURES AND BELOW SHALLOW OIL FIELDS. ONLY MODERATE
SUCCESSBECAUSE OFLIMITED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION AND DEEP
STRUCTURE. BENTAYAN OIL FIELD FOUND, BUT CRUDE QUALITY WAS TOO POOR TO
PRODUCE ECONOMICALLY.

•CYCLE THREE (1971-1976) — STANVAC APPLIED MODERN EXPLORATION TECHNIQUES (SEISMIC), BUT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL IN DISCOVERING NEW
COMMERCIAL OIL RESERVES.

•CYCLE FOUR (1980-PRESENT) - ASAMERA/BOW VALLEY, USING HIGH QUALITY SEISMIC DATA AND THOROUGH INTEGRATION OF GEOLOGICAL/
GEOPHYSICAL MAPPPING (PLAY CONCEPT APPROACH), HAVE EXPLORATION SUCCESS. RESERVOIR TARGETS REMAIN: AIR BENAKAT/GUMAI SANDS,
BATU RAJA CARBONATESAND TALANG AKAR SANDSTONES. A VERY ACTIVE SEISMIC AND DRILLING PROGRAM IS UNDERWAY IN THE NEW CORRIDOR
BLOCK P.S.C. AREA.

• CYCLE FIVE (1990-PRESENT) - CORRIDORBLOCK P.S.C. AREA SUCCESS IN DRILLING THE BASEMENT FRACTURES

• CYCLE SIX (FUTURE) - SUB VOLCANIC PLAY

 SUB-VOLCANIC
PLAY

Modified After Senger et al., 2017

CARTOON SHOWING SUB-VOLCANIC PLAY WITH NUMEROUS WAYS IN WHICH IGNEOUS

INTRUSIONS CAN INFLUENCE THE ENTIRE PETROLEUMSYSTEM, INCLUDING THE CHARGE,
MIGRATION,RESERVOIR, TRAP AND SEAL. ALL OF THESE INDIVIDUAL PETROLEUM SYSTEM
ELEMENTS MAY BOTH BE POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY IGNEOUS ACTIVITY.
THE TIMING OF MAGMATISM, PARTICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO SOURCEROCK MATURITY,
DETERMINES TO A LARGE DEGREE HOW A PARTICULAR BASIN WILL BE AFFECTED IN
TERMS OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
As an analog, some notable successes in basins containing
igneous rocks, including the FaroeShetland, Vøring and
Mør basins of the northwest European Atlantic margins
(Smallwood and Maresh, 2002; Archer et al, 2005; Planke
et al, 2005; Rohrman, 2007), and the Browse Basin of the
Australian North West Shelf (Symonds et al, 1998).
 SUB-VOLCANIC PLAY IN KUNINGAN AREAS

Poor seismic quality

SUB-VOLCANIC PLAY IN KUNINGAN AREAS WITH THE PRESENCE OF WELL

MAJA-1 (DRILLED IN 1874) AND THE PRESENCE OF OIL SEEP IN THE N
WELL.
Maja-1 (1871)
Gas & Oil well at Maja-1 location
 SUB-VOLCANIC PLAY IN ENREKANG AREAS

Cemba – Enrekang Oil Seep

Poor seismic quality

 SEISMIC WAVE IN SUB-VOLCANIC AREAANDLOSS OF SEISMIC ENERGY

Shallow Volcanoclastic
Source

Reflection
LOSS OF ENERGY DUE TO REFLECTION
LOW ENERGY
high impedance, and the internal physical heterogeneities

Absorption Shallow Volcanic

LOSS OF ENERGY DUE TO
ABSORPTION OF SEISMIC WAVE

Spherical Spreading
(LOSS OF ENERGY AS SEISMIC WAVE
MOVES AWAY FROM ITS SOURCE) LOW ENERGY

WHY SEISMIC IS LIMITEDIN THE SUB-VOLCANIC AREAS

IGNEOUS NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS CAUSE WAVE PROPAGATIONEXPERIENCING REFLECTION OR DECREASING IN SEISMIC AMPLITUDO AND LEADS TO MANY
DISTURBANCE OF SEISMIC DATA RECORDED. ALTHOUGH MANY SEISMICPROCESSING HAS INVOLVED ADVANCE PROCESSING STEPS BUT STILL LIMITEDIN INDONESIA

LIMITATION OF SEISMIC METHOD IN SUB-VOLCANIC AREA DUE TO LOSS OF SEISMIC

ENERGY
 FULL TENSOR GRAVITY GRADIOMETRY;
A NEW METHOD IN SUB VOLCANIC

WHY FTG AND NOT SEISMIC ?

 IF SEISMIC METHOD IS BASED ONTHE PHYSICAL PROPERTIESOF ELASTIC MODULI OF A WAVE
PROPAGATION, WHERE IT IS SUBJECT TO THE REFLECTION, REFRACTION AND ATTENUATION ESPECIALLY
WHEN TRAVEL IN THE SUB-VOLCANIC ROCKS. IN CONTRAST, GRAVITY METHOD IS BASED ON CONTRAST
DENSITY IN LATERAL DISTANCE.

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS HAVE DIFFERENT DENSITIES, AND THE DENSE ROCKS HAVE THE
GREATER GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION

 THE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD AND TECHNOLOGY IN GRAVITY;GRAVITY METHOD HAS DEVELOPED
GRADIOMETRY GRAVITY WHICH IS APPLIED WITH HIGH RESOLUTION COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL
GRAVITY, THE SMALL CHANGES OF DENSITY GIVE HIGH RESPONSE.

 IN AREAS OF COMPLEX SUB-VOLCANICAREAS, GRADIOMETRY GRAVITY GIVES BETTER INTERPRETATION TO

RESOLVE BETTER RESPONSE IN SUB-SURFACE CONFIGURATION
 FTG vs CONVENTIONAL GRAVITY
NOTA NEW THING BUT NEW
FULL TENSOR GRAVITY  INSTALL TWO OR MORE GRAVIMETER WITH DIFFERENT ELEVATION.
TECHNOLOGY
 OPTIMATION GRAVITY WORK THAT CAN PRODUCE 3 (THREE) COMPONENTS INSTEAD OF 1 (ONE)
GRADIOMETRY COMPONENT as IN CONVENTIONAL GRAVITY.
-METHOD
Satelit 2 mGal ½ WL 4 m
-INSTRUMENT Airborne (H) 0.3 mGal 1m
(FW) 0.2 mGal 2m
Land 0.2mGal 0.15m
Gradiometry 0.015mGal <0.1 m

Jackson, D., 2013

Higher frequency
Signal/noise ratio >>

Resolution
High THEIMPACT OF INTEGRATING FULL-TENSOR GRAVITY
accuracy GRADIOMETRY AND SEISMIC DATA TO ENHANCE
GRADIOMETRY IS AN ESSENTIAL TOOL, “NOT ONLY AS AN ADDITIONAL SUBSURFACE IMAGE OF SALT TECTONIC IN THE
COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUE, BUT ALSO, IN ANY CASE, BY ITSELF. NORDKAPP BASIN, BARENTS SEA
COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULT OF SATELIT, MARINE AND
ACG
IN NORTH EAST GREENLAND

Public domain satellite gravity data. Marine Bouguer gravity data Gz derived from the airborne
FTG survey
THE USE OF POTENTIAL METHODS TO BETTER UNDERSTANDSALT
GEOMETRIESAND DELIVER AN
IMPROVEDUNDERSTANDING OF THE EARTH MODEL IS WELLKNOWN. STADTLER ETAL., (2010)
DEMONSTRATEDTHEIMPACT OF INTEGRATINGALL AVAILABLE DATA TO IMAGE SALT IN THE
NORDKAPP BASIN,BARENTS SEA
BASEMENT MODELLING, OVERBURDEN AND SEISMIC2D/3D
EXTRAPOLATION
THEBLACK LINE
IS THE SEISMIC
LINE, THE
INTERRUPTED
BLACK LINE IS
THE FAULT
TREND, AND THE
INTERRUPTED
RED LINE IS THE
INCORRECT
INTERPRETATI
ON BASED ONLY
ON SEISMIC
DATA

FTG DATA CAN HELP IMAGE FEATURES WHERE SEISMIC STRUGGLES, BUT IT IS
ALSO AN EXCELLENT TOOL FOR LINKING TOGETHER 2D SEISMIC
INTERPRETATIONS AND/OR 3D SEISMIC MODELS BY EXTRAPOLATION AND
INTERPOLATION.
CASE STUDY

BOUGUER GRAVITY IMAGES AND CONTOURLINES

MAP

No Data
 RESIDUAL GRAVITY ORDER 1 GRAVITY MODEL

Possibly
Kitchen ??

DERIVATIVE ORDER - 2

Possibly
Closure ??
 RE-EXPLORATION AS A NEW APPROACH OF THE OIL-RICH SAGS OF MATURE BASINS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BOHAI BASIN EASTERN CHINA

OLD PLACES WITH NEW IDEAS AND METHODS

SEBAGIANBESAR CEKUNGAN PRODUKSI BERADA
POSISI
DALAMMATURE – POST
RE-EXPLORATION FOR OIL-RICH SAGS MATURE

RE-EXPLORATION IS APPLICABLE UNDER THREE

PRECONDITION;
1.AN OIL-RICH SAG STILL CONTAINS ABUNDANT REMAINING RESOURCES
2.A SAG-WIDE LARGE AREA MERGER 3 DSEISMIC SURVEY IS REALISED

3.EXISTING GEOLOGICUNDERSTANDING OR EXPLORATION TECHNIQUES

ARE NO LONGER SUFFICIENT FOR MAKING NEW SIGNIFICANT
BREAKTHROUGHS AND PROGRESS
 EXPLORATION
HISTORY CYCLE ONE (1896—1930) — SURFACE GEOLOGY AND SHALLOW SEEP DRIVEN
AND MOSTLY IN AIR BENAKAT FORMATION ACCOMPANIED BY INTENSE SHALLOW
DRILLING RESULTING IN DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIVELY MINOR OIL RESERVES. IN 1921;
EXPLORATION CYCLE TERMINATED BY THE DISCOVERIES OF LARGE TALANG AKAR OIL
RESERVES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BASIN.

•CYCLE TWO (1930-1942) - GRAVITY SURVEYS AND SYSTEMATIC DEEP TALANG AKAR
TESTS ON SURFACE STRUCTURES AND BELOW SHALLOW OIL FIELDS. ONLY MODERATE
SUCCESSBECAUSE OFLIMITED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION AND DEEP
STRUCTURE. BENTAYAN OIL FIELD FOUND, BUT CRUDE QUALITY WAS TOO POOR TO
PRODUCE ECONOMICALLY.

•CYCLE THREE (1971-1976) — STANVAC APPLIED MODERN EXPLORATION TECHNIQUES (SEISMIC), BUT WAS UNSUCCESSFUL IN DISCOVERING NEW
COMMERCIAL OIL RESERVES.

•CYCLE FOUR (1980-PRESENT) - ASAMERA/BOW VALLEY, USING HIGH QUALITY SEISMIC DATA AND THOROUGH INTEGRATION OF GEOLOGICAL/
GEOPHYSICAL MAPPPING (PLAY CONCEPT APPROACH), HAVE EXPLORATION SUCCESS. RESERVOIR TARGETS REMAIN: AIR BENAKAT/GUMAI SANDS,
BATU RAJA CARBONATESAND TALANG AKAR SANDSTONES. A VERY ACTIVE SEISMIC AND DRILLING PROGRAM IS UNDERWAY IN THE NEW CORRIDOR
BLOCK P.S.C. AREA.

• CYCLE FIVE (1990-PRESENT) - CORRIDORBLOCK P.S.C. AREA SUCCESS IN DRILLING THE BASEMENT FRACTURES

• CYCLE SIX (FUTURE) - SUB VOLCANIC PLAY

• CYCLESEVEN (FUTURE) - OIL-RICH SAGS OF MATURE BASINS

 ICEBERG PHENOMENA

SUGGESTED BYTHE PRESENCE

OF CONVENTIONAL HYDROCARBON
(esp. For structural high represented 1%)

ICEBERG
PHENOMENA

INDICATED THE POTENTIAL UNCONVENTIONAL PLAY

HYDROCARBON (STRUCTURAL) AND WAIT TO BE DEVELOPED IN FUTURE
42
MANY BASINS IN MATURE TO FRONTIER STAGES CONTINUE PROVIDE
SIZEABLE
REMAINING RESERVES AND YTF RESOURCES.

Wayan, A., 2018

WEST JAVA AND SUNDA BASINS ARE STILL HAVING BIG RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF ABOUT
UP TO 6.4 BBOE YTF
 ALTERNATIF SOLUTION
FACTS; MOST OF THEPRODUCING FIELDS DERIVED FROM STRUCTURAL HIGHS (AS THE FAVORABLE
POSITIVE STRUCTURE ZONE ) AND IN THEFLANK OF STRUCTURES

CAUSING: QUANTITY AND SCALE OF STRUCTURAL OIL ACCUMULATIONS THAT REMAIN TO BE DISCOVEREDARE DECREASING. IN
CONTRAST, IT STILL CONTAINS ABUNDANT OF REMANING RESOURCES AS YET TO FIND AS THE CREAMING CURVE
STILL INCREASE

ANDTHENTHE ALTERNATIVE FOR SOLUTIONS ???,

HOW ABOUT TO FIND NOT IN THESTRUCTURAL HIGHS BUT IN THE

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC TRAPS ????

BY WHATS MEANS ????

RE-EXPLORATION FOR THE OIL-RICH SAGS !!!!!!!

ANALOGY: MATURE EXPLORATIONPROVINCES IN THE EASTERN CHINA OF THE BOHAI BAY AND ERLIAN
BASINS
SIMPLIFICATION OF OIL MIGRATION IN RIFT BASIN WITH SPECIAL CASE IN SOUTH SUMATERA
DERIVATIVE ORDER - 2
 STAGES OF RIFTING IN MOST SAG
BASIN

ZHAO ET AL
2004
EVOLUTION AND SEDIMENTARY FILLING MODEL
OF THE PALEOGENESEQUENCE IN THE JIZHONG DEPOSITIONAL MODELS OF THE INHERITED DEPRESSION
DEPRESSION, SHOWING OF 3 STAGES IN RIFTING; WITH CENTRAL UPLIFT BELT
 INITIAL RIFTING,
 RIFTING SHRINKAGE AND
 INVERSION.
STAGES OF RIFTING (1) WHEREEACH WILL HAVE DIFFERENT SEDIMENTATION
HISTORY AND THE RESULT SHOWING DEPOSTIONAL MODEL OFTHE INHERITED
DEPRESSION WITH CENTRAL UPLIFT BELT (2)
 BASIN FILLING AND FACIES DEVELOPMENTS WITH ORDER SCALE

SCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN SCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE RELATIONSHIP

PALEOGENESECONDORDER SEQUENCE AND TECTONIC BETWEEN THE THIRD-ORDER SEQUENCE
DEVELOPMENT IN THE BAXIAN SAG AND BOUNDARY FAULT IN THE BAXIAN SAG
INTERPRETASI
SEISMIK MODE
L

ZHAO ET AL
2004
DEPOSITIONAL MODELS OF THE INHERITEDDEPRESSION
WITHCENTRAL UPLIFT BELT
NEW THEORY OF SUB-SAG OIL ACUMULATION (ZHAO ET AL
2004)
BOHAI BASIN,IN EASTERN CHINA, IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANTPETROLIFEROUS BASINS. IT HAS BEENPRODUCING SINCE
1961 AND FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY ALMOST 51.3% OF OIL-IN-PLACE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED, ANDTHE BASIN REACH
MATURE STAGE OF PRODUCING BASIN. THE BASIN WAS DEVELOPEDAS RIFTING BASIN WHICH IS PROVED AS OIL-RICH
SAGS
RE-EXPLORATION FOR THE OIL-RICH SAGS THROUGH A NEW ROUND OF “OVERALL COGNITION, OVERALL EVALUATION AND
OVERALL DEPLOYMENT”AS PROPOSED BY XIANZHENG ZHAO ET AL.

THIS NEW CONCEPT HAS SUCCESFULLY CONTRIBUTED NEW BREAKTHROUGHS AND MAJOR DISCOVERIES IN OIL- RICH SAGS IN THE
HUABEI AND DAGANG EXPLORATION PROVINCE, WHERE AN ANNUAL ADDITION OF OIP OF OVER 1.8 BBO HAS BEEN OBTAINEDSINCE
2009.
THE NEW CONCEPT OF OIL-RICH SAG RE-
EXPLORATION IS TARGETING ALL OIL ACCUMULATION
(DOMINANTLY LITHOLOGIC-STRATIGRAPHIC
ACCUMULATIONS)
IN THE ENTIRE ENTITY OF THE OIL-RICH SAG.

SAG-WIDE 3D SEISMIC DATA

VOLUME
THE NEW THEORIES LIKE;
-“SAG-WIDE OIL BEARING”
-SUB-SAG OIL ACCUMULATION
 SUB-SAG OIL ACCUMULATION IN RIFT
BASINS
THIS THEROY IS MANIFESTED IN SEVERAL ASPECTS (ZHAO ET AL., 2009,2011);
1. SAND DISTRIBUTION IS CONTROLLED BY MULTIPLE FACTORS.
CONTROLLED BY MULTIPLE FACTORS, SUCH AS BOUNDING FAULT PATTERN, STRUCTURE ZONE TYPE, SYSTEMS TRACT, SLOPE BREAK
BELT, AND SEDIMENTARY MICRO-FACIES

2. HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION CONDITION ARE FAVORABLE.

TRAPS IN THE SUB-SAG BELT HAVE THE ADVANTAGES OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT, EARLY HYDROCARBON CHARGE, AND
GOOD PRESERVATION CONDITIONS.

3. OIL ENRICHMENT IN THE SUB-SAG BELT IS CONTROLLED BYTHE HYDROCARBON GENERATION INTENSITY THRESHOLD,
THE PRINCIPAL CONFLUENCE PATHWAY, ANDTHE CRITICAL RESERVOIR SCALE

4. HYDROCARBON IN THE SUB-SAG BELT ARE DISTRIBUTED COMMONLY AND COMPLEMENTARY IN STRUCTURAL PLAYS AND
STRATIGRAPHIC-LITHOLOGIC PLAYS

5. HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATIONMODELS ARE DIVERSE

GOOD HYDROCARBONACCUMULATION CONDITIONS IN THE SUB-SAG ARECONDUCIVE TO FORMING DIVERSESTRATIGRAPHIC –
LITHOLOGIC ACCUMULALATION

THIS THEORY BOOSTS THE EXPLORATION VALUE OF SUB-SAGS AND LAYS A THEORITICAL FOUNDATION
FOR “OVERALL EVALUATION AND SAG-WIDE EXPLORATION” IN THE RIFT BASINS.
 HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATIONMODELS OF THE RAOYANG SAG
IN VIEW OF HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION THEORY, THE “SUB-SAG OIL ACCUMULATION” THEORY FOR
OIL- RICHSAGS IS EXPONDED, ANDTHE CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION
AND ACCUMULATION IS SUBTLE BURIED HILLS AND SLOPE WEAK STRUCTURE ARE DISCUSSED
 CONCLUSIO
NS
 INDONESIAN IS FACING ENERGY CRISIS AND ITS IMPACTT TO NATIONAL SECURITY

 EXPLORATION INTENSIFICATION HAS TO BE DONEAND NEW EXPLORATION PLAYS HAVE TO BE PROPOSED IN

ORDER TO INCREASE THE RESERVE , AND SUB-VOLCANIC PLAY AND RE-EXPLORATION OF THE OIL-RICH
SAGS OF MATURE BASINS ARE SOME OF THE NEW PLAYS THAT HAS BEEN PROVED IN THE WORLD

 THE FTG TECNOLOGY IS ONE OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE TO HAVE A BETTER IMAGE IN THE SUB-
VOLCANIC SYSTEMS

 FTG DATA IS BEST WHEN INTEGRATEDWITH OTHER GEOPHYSICAL DATASETS, PARTICULARLY SEISMIC.
TYPICALLY, WHERE SEISMIC DATA ENCOUNTERS ILLUMINATION DIFFICULTIES.

 PSEUDO FTG DERIVED FROM SECOND VERTICAL DERIVATIVE IS A PRELIMINARY METHOD IN ORDER TO
HAVE
A QUICK RESULT

 INTEGRATED SESMIC 3 D IN THE MATURE BASIN WITH SEKEUN STRATIGRAPHY APPROACH ARE
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TERIMA KASIH