Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems

and Medical Devices

STERILE DOSAGE FORMS

ASSIGNMENT 13: (50 pts)

List down and describe the composition of the (6) different parenteral
method of administrations?

Rubric:
Criteria 50 points
Content 35
Mechanics 15

Follow this sample format for your answers:

Parenterals
Method of Administration
1. Intraarticular injections
A medication is injected
intraarticularly into the joint.
These are frequently used to
treat inflammatory joint
disorders such rheumatoid
arthritis, gout, and carpal
tunnel syndrome. They are
also simply referred to as "joint
injections."
Composition
According to the amount of
ingredients in each, the
combinations are referred to as
"bimix" (papaverine and
phentolamine), "trimix" (alprostadil,
papaverine, and phentolamine),
and "quadmix" (alprostadil,
papaverine, phentolamine, and
atropine). Based on the severity of
the patient's ED and the adverse
effect profile of the medications,
the prescribing doctor chooses the
combination and concentration.
Alprostadil, which in certain men
can induce searing penile pain, is
 not included in Bimix, for instance.
Although there is no set dosage for
these drugs, they are usually
started at modest dosages and
increased according to the
patient's reaction.
2. Intraosseous injections In dentistry, achieving effective
local anesthetic is a constant issue.
are infrequently utilized since In situations where the traditional
they are normally only local anesthetic procedures have
explored when IV access is failed, adjunctive local anesthetic
not an option. These injections techniques and associated
entail sticking a needle into a armamentaria, such as
big bone's marrow. intraosseous injection (the
Stabident system and the X-tip
system), have been proposed to be
beneficial.
3. Intracardiac injections The only resuscitative drug that
Intracardiac injections are a has to be injected intracardially is
different kind of injection that epinephrine. Give an adult patient
are normally only utilized in 1 mg of epinephrine in both the
emergency conditions, like initial and subsequent doses.
intraosseous injections. They
entail giving the heart a sterile
medication injection.

4. Intraperitoneal (IP)  Since alternative methods are

These injections are given
directly into the peritoneum or
bodily cavity and include
certain forms of
chemotherapy.
more appropriate, rabbits are not
given IP injections. It is crucial to
choose the proper parenteral
location. The distribution and
absorption inside the body vary
greatly between places. It is
important to carefully assess the
dosage and volume of substance

5. Subcutaneous (SC/SQ)
These injections only need a
short, thin needle since they
are delivered into the adipose
tissue that is situated between
the skin and the muscle. The
two most popular
subcutaneous injections are
insulin and live vaccinations.
delivered in relation to the agent
type, injection location, and
species being employed. It's also
important to think about the size of
the syringe and needle. In general,
the volume of the syringe shouldn't
be 10 times larger than the volume
of the substance to be delivered in
order to ensure the administration
of an accurate volume of injection.
Drugs that can be supplied in tiny
amounts are among the
medications that can be injected
subcutaneously (usually less than
1 mL, but up to 2 mL is safe).
Subcutaneous injections are a
frequent method of administering
insulin and certain hormones.
Subcutaneous injections can also
be used to deliver other
medications that must be supplied
promptly. The automatic injector
known as an EpiPen, which
contains epinephrine, is used to
promptly treat life-threatening
allergic responses. While it's meant
to be administered intramuscularly,
epinephrine may also be
administered subcutaneously and
still function.
This method can also be used to
administer certain painkillers, such

6. Intravenous (IV) (IV)
Through an injection into a
vein, intravenous, or IV,
injections transfer a sterile
injectable straight into the
circulation.
as hydromorphone (Dilaudid) and
morphine. Subcutaneous injections
can also be used to provide
antiemetic medications such
metoclopramide (Reglan) or
dexamethasone (DexPak).
The combinations are referred to
as Bimix (papaverine and
phentolamine), Trimix (alprostadil,
papaverine, and phentolamine),
and Quadmix (alprostadil,
papaverine, phentolamine, and
atropine) based on the number of
components of each. The
combination and concentration is
selected by the prescribing
physician based on the severity of
the patient’s ED and medication
side effect profile. Bimix, for
example, does not include
alprostadil which can cause
burning penile discomfort in some
men. While no standard dosing
exists for these medications, they
are typically implemented at low
doses and titrated based on patient
response.