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2
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3
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g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

4
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wb‡q MwVZ GB LwjdvZvev` kvmb Ki‡Zb| LwjdvZvev‡`i Av‡iKwU bvg nj nv‡ewj Kmev|

Source : Google

nv‡ewj Kmev ev LwjdvZvev` nj eZ©gvb ev‡MinvU hv h‡kvi n‡Z cÖvq 56 gvBj c~‡e© ˆfieK~‡j
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nb| Gici †m‡bi evRv‡i Av‡mb hv Ab¨Zg cÖavb e›`i wQj| †mLvb †_‡K b`x cvi n‡q Zvwjgcyi
kÖxivgcyi, ejøfcyi cÖf…wZ ¯’vb n‡q ev‡Minv‡Ui mwbœK‡U Dcw¯’Z nb|6 ZLb ev‡MinvU bvgKiY nqwb|
wZwb †h ¯’v‡b cÖ_g DcbxZ n‡q ˆm‡b¨i Avevm ¯’j ¯’vcb K‡ib, ZviB bvg iv‡Lb eviKcyi| †mB
¯’v‡bB cÖ_g `xwN Lbb Kiv nq, hvi bvg †Nvov`xwN| Gi c~e© cv‡k^© LvÃvwji myweL¨vZ lvUM¤^yR gmwR`|
GLv‡b wbw`ó mg‡q Ry§¦v bvgvR cvV Kiv nZ| GQvov GwU Luv Rvnv‡bi `ieviM„n wQj| A_©vr GwU GKB
mv‡_ cÖv_©bv I RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Luv Rvnv‡bi †hvMm~ÎZvi KvR KiZ| Luv Rvnv‡bi LwjdvZvev` kni
cwð‡g †Nvov`xwN n‡Z c~‡e© PvigvBj `~ieZx© ˆfieb‡`i K~j ch©šÍ Ges Dˇi ‰fi‡ei cÖvPxb LvZ ev
gMivi Lvj n‡Z `wÿ‡Y 2/3 gvBj `~ieZx© Kvovcvovi wej ch©šÍ we¯Z…Z n‡qwQj| kn‡ii evB‡i Ges
DËi I cwðgw`‡K A‡bK`~i ch©šÍ Zvi wb‡Ri I mnPie‡M©i bvbv KxwZ© jÿ¨bxq | Zvi mnPi msL¨v
wbw`©ó K‡i Rvbv bv †M‡jI, †mB msL¨v †h kZvwaK, Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB| Kw_Z Av‡Q, cÖ‡Z¨K m½xi
Rb¨ wZwb GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY I cyy¯‹wibx Lbb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| 5
lvU M§^yR n‡Z 2/3 gvBj cwð‡g mv‡qiv MÖv‡g fzwUqvgvwii nv‡Ui `wÿ‡Y Mwie kv‡ni `xwN (Mwie kvn
Luv Rvnv‡bi mnPi) I †PjøvLvbv (mvabv¯’vb) wQj| cÖKvÛ gvwUi wXwei g‡a¨ GKwU ¸nv‡Z GB †Pjøv
wQj, hv‡K mvaviY gvbyl wQ‡jLvbv e‡j _v‡K| LwjdvZvev‡` eyov Luvi `xwN GLbI Av‡Q, eyov Luv wQ‡jb
Luv Rvnv‡bi GKRb mnPi| lvU M§^yR n‡Z GKwU iv¯Ív DËi w`‡K ˆfieK~j ch©šÍ wM‡qwQj| iv¯Ívi c~e©
cv‡k Luv Rvnv‡bi Mo‡ewóZ Avevm¯’j I gmwR` wQj| mvavib †jv‡Ki Mí K_vq †kvbv hvq Luv Rvnv‡bi
`yB ¯¿x ‡mvbvwewe I i¥cvwewe H evox‡Z evm KiZ | GRb¨ G‡K †mvbvwewei evox ejv nq| SMov
weev‡`i Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i GKRb evwoi cvk^©eZx© cyKz‡i wel †L‡q Suvc w`‡q gviv hvq e‡j Gi bvg
welcyKzwiqv| †Nvov`xwNi cwðg `wÿY †Kv‡Y Aci R‡bi mgvwa¯’vb‡K weweRv‡bi gmwR` ejv nq| GwU
mZ¨ †h, Luv Rvnvb bcysmK wQ‡jb Ges Zvi †Kvb cyÎ mšÍvb wQj bv | Abygvb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i,
†mvbvwewe , i¥cvwewe nqZ Zvi cvwiPvwiKvi bvg wQj|7
Luv Rvnv‡bi evwoi †ZviY؇qi Aci w`‡K MÖvg¨iv¯Ív I gMivi iv¯Ívi ga¨¯’‡j GKwU cÖKvÛ AÆvwjKvi
fMœve‡kl Av‡Q, hvi bvg †Kv‡Zvqvjx †PŠZviv| bMi wbg©v‡bi Rb¨ `~i‡`k †_‡K †hme cÖ¯Íi I Ab¨vb¨
`ªe¨ Avbv nZ, †mme †Kv‡Zvqvjx †PŠZvivi mwbœK‡U bvwg‡q †bqv nZ| GB ¯’v‡bi bvg wQj RvnvNvUv|
GKwU cÖ¯Íi¯Í¤¢ GLbI RvnvRNvUvi ¯’vb‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Q| lvUM§^yR n‡Z RvnvR NvUv ch©šÍ †h iv¯Ív
wM‡q‡Q, Zvi Dfq cv‡kB bvbv †eŠ×KxwZ© wQj, GRb¨ GB ¯’v‡b cÖ_g kni cÖwZôvi cwiKíbv Kiv nq|
RvnvRNvUvi cÖ¯Íi¯Í§¢ cyivZb wn›`y gw›`‡ii Askwe‡kl wQj| †hme c͇֯i g~wZ© Aw¼Z wQj bv ev g~wZ©
mn‡R Acmvib Kiv wM‡q‡Q, †mme cÖ¯Íi wZwb evox ev lvUM§^yR wbg©v‡b Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb| Z‡e
†mLvbKvi mwÂZ cÖ¯Íi Zvi Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj bv| ïbv hvq, PÆMÖvg n‡Z wZwb Avek¨Kxq cÖ¯Íi
Avwb‡qwQ‡jb| R‰bK e¨w³i gva¨‡g cÖ¯Íi Avbvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j, PÆMÖv‡gi mvay ev‡qwRZ †ev¯Ívbx †mwU
†R‡b Luv Rvnvb‡K mvgvb¨ †jvK e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| 8
cieZx©‡Z Luv Rvnvb Gi mvayZv I cÖwZcwËi wel‡q AeMZ n‡j, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mym§úK© M‡o D‡V| Luv
Rvnvb cÖvqB GB mvayi mv‡_ PÆMÖv‡g †`Lv Ki‡Z †h‡Zb| d‡j LwjdvZvev` †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ GKwU
iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv nq| Puv`cyi †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ GKwU R½jve„Z iv¯Ív LvÃvwji iv¯Ív e‡j cÖwm× Av‡Q|
welcyKz‡ii c~e© I `wÿ‡Y A‡bK¸wj gmwR` cvIqv hvq, Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj bq M§^yR gmwR` | GB
gmwR` †_‡K Av‡iKUz mvg‡b wM‡q lvU M§^yR †_‡K c~e©w`‡K 3 gvBj c_ AwZµg Ki‡j ev‡MinvU kni
cvIqv hvq| lvUM§^yR †_‡K DËi w`‡K evMgviv MÖvg| †mLvb †_‡K µ‡g c~‡e© AMÖmi n‡j `wÿ‡b
ibweRqcyi MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ Luv Rvnv‡bi `iMv, `wiqv Luv I Avn§¦` Luvi gmwR` I `xwN Ges KuvVvjMÖv‡gi
g‡a¨ KvUvwb gmwR` †`Lv hvq | ibweRqcyi MÖv‡g GKwU evwo‡Z gmwR` I cyK zi cÖvPxi Øviv †ewóZ
wQj, R‰bK gymjgvb GwU †f‡½ wb‡Ri M„n wbg©vb K‡i‡Qb| Luv Rvnvb Gi wbwg©Z eû KxwZ© I Gi
aŸsmve‡kl GiKg ÿwZi m§¦yLxb n‡q‡Q|
Luv Rvnv‡bi LwjdvZvev` eZ©gvb ev‡MinvU AÂj| ev‡MinvU bv‡gi DrcwË wb‡q A¯úóZv i‡q‡Q|
GKwU gZ Abyhvqx ev‡Ni Avevm¯’j, A_v©r evN †_‡K evM ev evMvb kã G‡m‡Q Ges nvU Øviv evRv‡ii
¯’vb ey‡S _vwK|9 GB A‡jI my›`ie‡bi e¨vcK we¯`„wZ we`¨vgvb wQj| cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki `iæb emwZ
Kg nIqvi ev‡Ni msL¨vi AvwaK¨ _vKv ¯^vfvweK wQj| ZvB evN †_‡K µ‡g ev‡NinvU bvg n‡q‡Q e‡j
g‡b Kiv nq| Aci gZ Abyhvqx eZ©gvb ev‡MinvU kn‡i LvÃvjxi evMvb wQj, †mB evMv‡b nvU emvi
Kvi‡Y Gi bvg ev‡MinvU nq| 10 Luv Rvnv‡bi LwjdvZvev` wQj mg„× GKwU kni|
6
 LwjdvZvev‡`i weeiY †_‡K Avgiv Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvwi †h Luv Rvnvb RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡bi Rb¨ iv¯Ív
wbg©vY, cq:wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v, BgviZ wbg©vY, gmwR` wbg©vY K‡i RbM‡Yi Rxeb e¨e¯’vq mydj e‡q Av‡b|
GQvovI wewfbœ A‡ji mv‡_ Rjc‡_i gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM wQj| ‡mBmv‡_ iv¯Ív wbg©v‡bi e¨vwß wewfbœ
AÂj‡K LwjdvZvev‡`i mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i †hvMv‡hvM mnR K‡iwQj| my›`ie‡bi R½j cwi¯‹vi K‡i
wZwb Avev‡`i m§úªmvi‡Y f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| LwjdvZv-B-Avev` (cÖwZwbwai AÂj) bvgKiY GRb¨B
†h, Rxe‡bi †klfv‡M wZwb e‡½i gvngy` kvn Gi mv‡_ mwÜm~‡Î Ave× n‡qwQ‡jb Ges e½xq myjZv‡bi
cÖwZwbwa ¯^c (Lwjdv) GB ivR¨ ms¯’vcb K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb ag© cÖPvi, RbKj¨vYgyLx kvmbe¨e¯’v,
†hvM¨ cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K e¨vc„Z iv‡Lb| Zvi g„Z¨zi ci LwjdvZvev‡`i kvmbfvi Luv Rvnv‡bi
†Kvb my‡hvM¨ AbyP‡ii Dci †`qv n‡qwQj |

7
¯’vcZ¨mg~n :
gmwR`
ev‡Minv‡U eZ©gv‡b wU‡K _vKv Luv Rvnv‡bi KxwZ©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ gmwR‡`i msL¨vB †ewk| gmwR‡`i
KviæKv‡h© †gvNj I ZzKx© ¯_vcZ¨ixwZi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| GB A‡ji jebv³ cvwbi cÖfv‡e ¯’vcbv mg~n
`xN© mgq a‡i ÿwZi m§¦yLxb n‡”Q| wewfbœ mgq ms¯‹vi KvR K‡i KZ…©cÿ GB ÿwZi nvi Kgv‡bvi †Póv
Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| gmwR` wbg©v‡Y Pzb-myiwKi e¨envi jÿ¨bxq|

lvU M¤^yR gmwR`:

lvU M§^yR gmwR` evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖvPxb gmwR` hv gymwjg evsjvi ¯^b©hy‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
AvKv‡ii wePv‡i GB gmwR` evsjv‡`k f~-L‡Û Aew¯’Z ga¨hy‡Mi gmwR` mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo|
ev‡MinvU kni †_‡K gvÎ 7 wK:wg: `~‡i Lyjbv ev‡MinvU gnvmo‡Ki DËi cv‡k my›`i‡Nvbv MÖv‡g
Aew¯’Z|

Source : Google

wPÎ: lvU M¤^yR gmwR`

GB gmwR‡`i mv‡_ w`jøxi ev`kvnx gmwR‡`i wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| Lvb Rvnv‡bi mgvwa Qvov Aci
†Kvb Bgvi‡Z wkjvwjwc cvIqv hvqwb, hv †_‡K gmwR‡`i bvg Rvbv m§¢e| ZvB GB gmwR‡`i bvgKiY
wb‡q bvbv gZ cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| Gi bvg lvU M§^yR n‡jI GLv‡b †gvU M§^yR msL¨v 81wU, hvi g‡a¨ 70wUi
DcwifvM †MvjvKvi, c~e© †`qv‡ji gv‡Si `iRv Ges cwðg †`qv‡ji gv‡Si mvwi‡Z 7wU †PŠPvjv
AvK„wZi Ges wgbv‡i 4wU M§^yR| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z 60wU cÖ¯Íiwbwg©Z ¯Í§f ev Lv§^vR (M§^yR) †_‡K lvU M§^yR
bvg n‡q‡Q| Av‡iKwU gZ Abyhvqx gmwR‡`i †K‡›`ª †h mvZwU †PŠPvjv AvK…wZi M§^yR i‡q‡Q, †mwU
D”Pvi‡bi `iæb mvZ M§^yR †_‡K lvU M§^yR G i¥cvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| gmwR`wU DËi `wÿ‡Y evB‡ii w`‡K
cÖvq 160 dzU I wfZ‡ii w`‡K cÖvq 143 dzU j§^v, c~e© cwð‡g evB‡ii w`‡K cÖvq 104 dzU I wfZ‡ii
w`‡K 88 dzU PIov|
8
BgviZwUi MVb ˆewP‡Î¨ ZzNjK ¯’vc‡Z¨i we‡kl cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq| gmwR‡`i PZzw`©‡K cÖvPxi 8dzU
PIov, `wÿY w`‡Ki wgbv‡ii kx‡l© KzwU‡ii bvg †ivkbvB KzwVi Ges GB wgbv‡i DVvi wmuwo Av‡Q hvi
gva¨‡g gyqvw¾b Dc‡i wM‡q Avhvb w`Z| gmwR`wU †QvU BU w`‡q ˆZix, Gi ‰`N¨© 160 dzU, cÖ¯’ 108
dzU,D”PZv 22 dzU| gmwR‡`i m§¦yL w`‡Ki ga¨¯’‡j GKwU eo wLjvb Av‡Q|

Source : Google

wPÎ: lvU M¤^yR gmwR‡`i ¯’vcZ¨ bKkv

gmwR‡`i cwðg w`‡K cÖavb †gniv‡ei cv‡k 1wU `iRvmn †gvU 26wU `iRv Av‡Q| cÖavb †gniv‡ei cv‡ki
`iRvwU Lvb Rvnvb A_v©r kvm‡Ki MgbvMg‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nZ e‡j avibv Kiv nq | †K›`ªxq cÖavb ‡gnivewU
cÖ‡¯Íi Ges KviæKv‡h©i ‡ÿ‡Î gymwjgixwZ A_v©r dzj, jZv, cvZv cÖf…wZi AsKb †`Lv hvq| lvU M§^yR gmwR` Gi
f~wgKv †Kej gmwR` wn‡m‡eB wQj bv| GLv‡b wbw`©ó mg‡q bvgvR cov nZ Ges GwU wQj Luv Rvnv‡bi `ievi
M„n| mKv‡j `ievi emZ, cÖRve‡M©i KvQ †_‡K ivR¯^ msMÖn Kiv nZ, Zv‡`i `vwe I Awf‡hv‡Mi wePvi m§úv`b
Kiv nZ, Kvh© PjvKvjxb bvgv‡Ri mgq n‡j mevB bvgv‡R `uvwo‡q †hZ| cwðgw`‡Ki e×cÖvPx‡ii Mv‡q
cÖ¯Íi‡e`x wQj Gi DËiw`‡K ga¨¯’v‡b AviI 2wU †e`x wQj| bvgv‡Ri mgq GKwU‡Z Luv Rvnvb Ges Ab¨ `ywU‡Z
†gŠjfxMY `Ûvqgvb n‡Zb, GQvov Ab¨ mgq Luv Rvnvb I Zvi 2Rb DRxi †e`x‡Z mgvmxb n‡q ivRKvh© wbe©vn
KiZ| 11 eZ©gv‡bI GLv‡b wbqwgZ bvgvR cov nq, GQvov mvB‡K¬vbmn wewfbœ `y‡h©v‡M AvkÖq‡K›`ª wn‡m‡e e¨envi
Kiv nq GB gmwR`|
GLv‡b msiÿ‡bi †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v cvwbi jebv³Zv| wewfbœ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡jI msiÿ‡bi
†ÿ‡Î †mme Lye †ewk djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv| d‡j gmwR‡`i wewfbœ Ask f½yi Ae¯’vq DcbxZ n‡”Q| †Kej
DËi w`‡Ki †`qv‡ji GKwU As‡k ms¯‹vi KvR Pvjv‡bv nqwb, GB †`qvj c~‡e© †hgb wQj †mfv‡eB
msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv§úªwZK mg‡q cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j el©vKv‡j cvwb Rgvi nvZ
†_‡K gmwR`wU†K iÿv Kiv m§¢e n‡q‡Q|
gmwR‡`i wekvjZv, M§^yR msL¨vi AvwaK¨, gmwR‡`i eûgyLx e¨envi (gvbeZvi cÖZxK), †K›`ªxq
gniv‡e wMÖK ¯’vc‡Z¨i b¨vq †cwW‡g‡›Ui Dcw¯’wZ, gmwR‡`i ga¨eZx© GKmvwi †PŠPvjv M§^yR (GB
A‡ji Kz‡oNi ˆZixi wbg©vY‰kjxi AbyKiY), A½eyiæ‡Ri we‡kl ˆewkó¨ cÖf…wZ GB gmwR`‡K Abb¨
K‡i Zz‡j G‡K wek^HwZ‡n¨i AšÍfz©³ K‡i‡Q|

wPÎ: Dˇii †`qvj (ms¯‹vi nqwb) wPÎ: cÖ¯Íiwbwg©Z ¯Í¤¢ wPÎ: cÖ¯Íiwbwg©Z ‡K›`ªxq ‡gnive
‡mvm©: wbR¯^ msMÖn
9
wewe †eMwb gmwR`:
lvUM§^yR †_‡K AvbygvwbK 800 wgUvi cwð‡g, ev‡MinvU m`i Dc‡Rjvi lvUM§^yR BDwbq‡bi evivKcyi
MÖv‡g †Nvov`xwNi cwðgcv‡o Aew¯’Z wewe †eMwb gmwR`| gmwR‡`i cwiwPwZg~jK †Kvb wkjvwjwc
cvIqv hvq bv| B‡Ui ˆZix ¯’vcZ¨‰kjx Abyhvqx aviYv Kiv nq GwU lvUM§^yR gmwR‡`i mgmvgwqK
Kv‡ji|

Source : Google

wPÎ: wewe †eMwb gmwR`

gmwR‡` †Kvb wkjvwjwc bv _vKvq Gi bvgKiY wb‡q wbwðZ Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| wewe †eMwb †K wQ‡jb
Zv wb‡q bvbv gZ cÖPwjZ| aviYv Kiv nq wewe †eMwb GKRb m§£všÍes‡ki gwnjv wQ‡jb, whwb GB
gmwR` cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, wewe †eMwb wQ‡jb Lvb Rvnv‡bi GKRb ¯¿x| Avevi †KD ‡KD
g‡b K‡ib wZwb wQ‡jb Lvb Rvnv‡bi Abymvix | †kvbv hvq, wewe †eMwbi Ke‡iB DciB Lvb Rvnvb GB
gmwR‡`i BgviZwU wbg©vb K‡i‡Qb| gmwR‡`i Dci GKwU e„nr †Mvjva© AvK…wZi M§^yR i‡q‡Q|
gmwR‡`i Pvi‡Kv‡b 4wU wgbvi Av‡Q Ges G¸wj †MvjvKvi iæiæR AvK„wZi | gmwR`wU eM©vK… wZi|
evB‡i wgbvimn cÖwZwU †`qv‡ji ˆ`N¨© 16.15 wg. Ges †fZ‡i 10.058 wg. | c~e©w`‡Ki †`qv‡j 3wU
Ges DËi I `wÿY †`qv‡j GKwU K‡i wLjvbvKvi cÖ‡ekc_ i‡q‡Q| gmwR‡`i wfZ‡i cwðg †`qv‡j
i‡q‡Q 3wU AjsK…Z †gnive| gv‡Si †gnivewU Ab¨ `ywUi †P‡q A‡cÿvK…Z eo I KviæKvRgq|
wgbv‡ii †Uiv‡KvUv AjsKi‡bi mvgvb¨B Aewkó Av‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ †Mvjvc, cvcwohy³ cy¯ú, wkKj bKkv
Ges AjsK…Z LuvRKvUv wLjvb †`Lv hvq|

wPÎ: wewe †eMwb gmwR‡`i †Uiv‡KvUv wPÎ: wewe †eMwb gmwR‡`i Kzjy½x
‡mvm©: wbR¯^ msMÖn
10
Bgvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i Lbb KvR nqwb e‡j Ke‡ii wPý Av‡Q wKbv, Zv wbwðZ ejv hvq bv| fvi‡Z mgvwa
gmwR‡`i A‡bK `„óvšÍ i‡q‡Q (†hgb: BjZyZwg‡ki mgvwa 1233wLª., wd‡ivR kvn ZzNj‡Ki mgvwa
1388 wLª.)|12 ZvB gmwR‡`i mv‡_ mgvwai m§úK© cy‡ivcywi evwZj Kiv hvq bv| eZ©gv‡b GwU gmwR`
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q|

Pzbv‡Lvjv gmwR` :
Pzbv‡Lvjv gmwR`wU lvU M§^yR gmwR` †_‡K cÖvq 1 gvBj DËi cwð‡g Pzbv‡Lvjv MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
LwjdvZvev` kni wbg©v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Pzb cÖ¯`‡Zi KviLvbvwU †jvKvjq †_‡K `~‡i wbg©vb Kiv
n‡qwQj , hv eZ©gvb Pzbv‡Lvjv MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z | GB ¯’vwcZ KviLvbvi Rb¨ ¯’v‡bi bvg Pzbv‡Lvjv Ges GB
MÖv‡gi bvgvbymv‡i gmwR‡`i bvg Pzbv‡Lvjv gmwR` nq| GB gmwR` KviLvbvq wbhy³ kÖwgK‡`i bvgvR
Av`v‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| 13

Source : Google

wPÎ: Pzbv‡Lvjv gmwR`

B‡Ui ˆZix eM©vK…wZ gmwR`wUi evB‡i cÖwZ w`‡Ki ˆ`N¨© 12.50 wgUvi, †`qvj 2.14 wgUvi cyiæ| DËi,
c~e© I `wÿY wgwj‡q †gvU 5wU wLjvbvK…wZi `iRv i‡q‡Q| wKejv †`qv‡ji Af¨šÍifv‡M c~e© w`‡Ki
cÖ‡ekc_ eivei †gnive I `ycv‡k `ywU wLjvbhy³ †gnive Av‡Q| m§ú~b© Qv` Ry‡o Aa©‡MvjvK„wËi GKwU
wekvj M§^yR i‡q‡Q| gmwR‡`i evB‡i Pvi‡Kv‡Yi PviwU wgbvi Lvb RvnvbixwZ Abyhvqx †MvjvKvi Ges
wbw`©ó `~‡i XvjvB Kiv e¨vÛ Øviv wef³| Bgvi‡Zi wZbwU Kvwb©k wPivPwiZ evsjvi ¯_vcZ¨ixwZ Abyhvqx
euvKv‡bv| gmwR‡` AjsKi‡bi †ÿ‡Î Rvwji KvR, dzj I jZvcvZvi bKkvK…Z e„Ë, welg‡KvYx PZzfR z©
jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx, LvbRvnv‡bi †Kvb Abymvix GB gmwR` wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| myjZvbx
Avg‡ji ¯’vcZ¨ ˆkjx‡Z wbwg©Z GB gmwR`wU‡K 1975 mv‡j miKvi HwZnvwmK cyivKxwZ© †Nvlbv K‡i |
11
 Source : Google

wPÎ: Pzbv‡Lvjv gmwR‡`i †Uiv‡KvUv

bq M¤^yR gmwR` :
ev‡Minv‡Ui VvKzi`xwNi cwðg cv‡o Lvb Rvnv‡bi mgvwa †mŠ‡ai `wÿY c~‡e© Avav wK‡jvwgUv‡ii Kg
`~i‡Z¡ bq M§^yR gmwR‡`i Ae¯’vb| gmwR`i Pvicv‡k GKwU mxgvbv cÖvPxi †Niv †Lvjv PZ¡i wQj e‡j
AbywgZ nq | 14

Source : Google

wPÎ: bq M¤^yR gmwR`

15 kZvãx‡Z wbwg©Z eM©vK…wZi GB gmwR‡`i cÖwZwU †`qv‡ji ˆ`N¨© 15.24 wgUvi Ges cyiæZ¡ 2.23
wgUvi|
12
gmwR‡`i Qv‡` i‡q‡Q bqwU Aa© e„ËvKvi M§^yR Ges G¸wj‡K ¯’vqxZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ gmwR‡`i Af¨šÍ‡i
PviwU we‡kl ¯Í§¢ i‡q‡Q| cwðg w`‡Ki †`qv‡j 3wU my`„k¨ †gnive i‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ †K›`ªxq †gnivewU
eo n‡jI cÖwZwU †gniveB †cvovgvwUi dzj, jZv-cvZvi AjsKi‡Y AjsK…Z| bq M§^yR gmwR` Lvb
Rvnvb Gi mgqKvi ¯’vcZ¨ wb`k©b‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i | gmwR` cÖv½‡b AviI wKQz BgviZ wQj e‡j
aviYv Kiv nq| cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi gmwR‡`i wKQz As‡k BU, MÖxj Gi mshyw³ QvovI †ekwKQz As‡ki
cwiea©b NwU‡q‡Q| gmwR‡`i Dˇi Lvb Rvnv‡bi gvRv‡ii Lv‡`‡gi emZwfUv e‡j wPwýZ n‡q‡Q|
gmwR‡` †Kvb wkjvwjwc cvIqv hvqwb| RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q GwU Lvb Rvnvb wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb Ges gmwR‡`i
MVb cÖbvjx I ¯’vcZ¨ †KŠkj GB RbkÖywZ†K mg_©b K‡i|

Source : Google

wPÎ: bq M¤^yR gmwR‡`i †Uiv‡KvUv wPÎ: bq M¤^yR gmwR‡`i wfZ‡ii Ask

`xwN :
Lvb Rvnvb A‡bK¸‡jv `xwN ev Rjvkq Lbb K‡iwQ‡jb hv gvby‡li cvwbi mgm¨v `~ixKi‡b f~wgKv
†i‡LwQj| eZ©gv‡bI A‡bK †ÿ‡Î gvbyl Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q|

‡Nvov `xwN :
ev‡MinvU †Rjvi lvUM§^yR BDwbq‡bi my›`i‡Nvbv MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z lvUM§^yR gmwR‡`i cwðg w`‡K
†Nvov`xwNi Ae¯’vb| lvU M§^yR gmwR‡`i me‡P‡q Kv‡Q nIqvq GB `xwN lvU M§^y‡Ri `xwN bv‡gI
cwiwPZ| Lvb Rvnvb KZ©„K LbbK…Z cÖ_g `xwN nj GB †Nvov`xwN|
13
 Source : Google
wPÎ: ‡Nvov `xwN

Lvb Rvnvb ev‡MinvU (ZLbI ev‡MinvU bvgKiY nqwb)A‡j ˆmb¨ms¯’vcb K‡i, †mB ¯’v‡bi bvg
w`‡qwQ‡jb eviKcyi Ges GB ¯’v‡bB †Nvov`xwN Lbb K‡iwQ‡jb|15 †Nvov`xwNi bvgKib wb‡q cÖev`
cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, GKwU †Nvov hZ`~i †`Š‡o wM‡qwQj, ZZ`~i ch©šÍ GB `xwN Lbb Kiv n‡qwQj|
A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, `xwN Lb‡bi ci Lvb Rvnvb ‡Nvovq P‡o `xwNi Pvicv‡k ågb Ki‡Zb, Zv ‡_‡K
†Nvov`xwN bvgKiY nq| Avevi †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib, `xwNwU Lb‡bi c~‡e© GLv‡b Lvb Rvnv‡bi †mbv‡`i
KzPKvIqvR I †Nvo‡`Šo nZ|
Avi GB †Nvo‡`Šo †_‡K †Nvov`xwN bvgKiY n‡q‡Q| Gi cvwb nj my‡cq| GB `xwN AZ¨šÍ Mfxi Ges
mviv eQi G‡Z cvwb _v‡K| GB A‡ji Av‡kcv‡ki `xwN¸wji cvwb jebv³ n‡jI, GB `xwN‡Z
wgVvcvwb we`¨gvb| 1986 mv‡j †Nvov`xwN‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ msiwÿZ Rjvkq wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfz³
Kiv nq| AvqZvKvi `xwNwU c~e©-cwð‡g j§^v| `xwNwUi AvqZb 25 GKi 32 kZK| ‡Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b
Gi MfxiZv 24/25 dzU| GK mgq GB A‡ji my‡cq cvwb GLvb †_‡K msMÖn Kiv nZ, hv GLbI
Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| G `xwN‡K ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q `„wób›`b Kivi D‡×‡k¨ cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi †kW ¯’vcb,
IhvKI‡q wbg©v‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnb K‡i‡Q| `xwNi c~e©w`‡K B‡Ui cvKv NvU Av‡Q|
A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, Lvb Rvnvb Zvi GjvKv LwjdvZvev‡`i cÖkvmwbK †K›`ª M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ G GjvKv DuPz
Kiv Ges m‡cq cvwbi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ G `xwNwU Lbb K‡ib| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwbi
mye¨e¯’v Kiv memgqB cyb¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| Lvb Rvnvb GB cyb¨e‡j wn›`y-gymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l cxi ev
‡`eZvÁv‡b kÖ×vi cvÎ n‡qwQ‡jb|

VvKzi`xwN
lvU M§^yR n‡Z 1gvBj c~e© w`‡K Ges ev‡MinvU n‡Z 3 gvBj cwðgw`‡K †M‡j, †mLvb †_‡K `wÿYgyLx
iv¯Ív Ava gvBj AwZµg Ki‡j †h `xwNi Ae¯’vb cvIqv hvq, †mwUB VvKzi`xwN| GwU LvÃvjx `xwV bv‡gI
cwiwPZ|
14
 Source : Google
wPÎ: VvKzi `xwN

Lvb Rvnvb g„Zz¨i c~‡e© wb‡Ri mgvwa ¯’v‡b wba©viY K‡i mgvwa I gmwR` wbg©vY Ges Rjvkq Lbb Avi§¢
K‡iwQ‡jb| wKse`šÍx Abyhvqx A‡bK`~i Lbb Kivi c‡iI cvwb cvIqv hvqwb| Kvi Kvi g‡Z, Lb‡bi
c‡i GKwU fvix cÖ¯Íi cvIqv hvq hv ¯^cœvw`ó nIqv GKRb eªvþY mn‡R DVv‡Z mÿg nb| Lvb Rvnvb
Zvi A‡jŠwKK ÿgZv †`‡L †`eg~wZ©i †mevi Rb¨ 360 weNv Rwg `vb K‡ib Ges Zvi mšÍv‡biv GLbI
Zv †fvM Ki‡Q| 16 ey× VvKy‡ii g~wZ© cvIqv wM‡qwQj e‡jB GB `xwNi bvg VvKzi `xwN nq| m§¢eZ,
†eŠ× Avg‡j GLv‡b DËi-`wÿY eivei GKwU `xN© cy®‹wibx wQj, kÎæ c‡ÿi Avµg‡b ey×g~wZ© †mLv‡b
wbwÿß n‡qwQj| Lvb Rvnvb Zv‡Z LbbKvh© m§úv`b K‡i G‡K eZ©gvb VvKzi`xwN‡Z i¥c `vb
K‡iwQ‡jb| GB `xwNi ‰`N©¨ cÖ¯’ cÖvq mgvb, GK GKw`‡K cÖvq 1600 dzU| Dˇi 60 dzU cÖk¯Í GKwU
cÖKvÛ NvU i‡q‡Q Ges GB Nv‡Ui DciB Lvb Rvnv‡bi mgvwa| GB `xwNi cvwb wbg©j I my¯^v¯’| Lvb
Rvnvb mva K‡i †mLv‡b Kvjvcvnvo I ajvcvnvo bv‡gi `ywU Kzgxi †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i‡K
ekxf~Z K‡iwQ‡jb| ax‡i ax‡i GB Kzgxi Lvb Rvnvb Gi f³ AbyivMx‡`i wek^vm I AbyfzwZi cÖZx‡K
cwibZ n‡qwQj| Kvjv cvnvo 2006 mv‡j Ges ajvcvnvo 2014 mv‡j gviv hvq| Giv hw` Lvb
Rvnv‡bi mg‡qi n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡`i Avqy®‹vj we‡ePbvq wb‡j h‡_ó m‡›`‡ni D‡`ªK nq ZvQvov Lvb
Rvnvb Gi gZ Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK mvay e¨vw³i †ÿ‡Î GiKg cÖvbxi mv‡_ mswkøó eû †jvKKvwnbx cvIqv hvq|
eZ©gv‡b †h Kzwgi¸wj Av‡Q, †m¸wj wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K wb‡q Avmv| gvRv‡ii wbKUeZ©x Ae¯’vb nIqvq
GLv‡b RbmgvMg jÿ¨Yxq

emZwfUv
LwjdvZvev‡`i cÖwZôvZv Lvb Rvnv‡bi emZwfUv wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv lvU M§^yR †_‡K 300 wgUvi
Dˇi my›`i‡Nvbv MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z| cÖ_‡g G‡K UvKkvj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡jI, cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ
fMœve‡kl cÖvwßi gva¨‡g a‡i †bqv nq †h, GwU Lvb Rvnv‡bi emZwfUv wQj| cÖvq 10 GKi RvqMvRy‡o
wXwewUi Ae¯’vb i‡q‡Q|
15
 Source : Google
wPÎ: Lvb Rvnv‡bi emZwfUv

jebv³Zvmn wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi d‡j Lvb Rvnv‡bi emZevwo aŸsmcÖvß n‡jI, ¯’vbxq RbmvaviY
KZ©„K BU Acmvi‡Yi gZ Amn‡hvwMZvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û aŸsm¯Í~‡ci wPýI A‡bKUv gy‡Q †M‡Q| K‡qKwU
B‡Ui KvVv‡gvi Askwe‡kl Ges 4/5wU cv_‡ii wcjv‡ii LÛ Qvov †Zgb wKQzB Aewkó †bB| Pvi‡KvY v
GKwU cvnvi LÛ Av‡Q, hv m§¢eZ †g‡Si †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ n‡qwQj| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx, evwoi m`i `iRv
wQj c~e©w`‡K (‰fie b`xi w`‡K) Ges cwiLv †ewóZ cÖvPxi wQj| GB cÖvPxi cÖvq 11 dzU DuPz Ges 7 dzU
cÖk¯Í| G ¯’v‡b LbbKv‡h©i d‡j KviæKvh©LwPZ wPbvgvwUi ˆZRmcÎmn †ekwKQz g~j¨evb wRwbm cvIqv
hvq, hv cÖgvb K‡i Gme cvθwj e¨enviKvix DbœZ iæwP‡evam§úbœ wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz wPbvgvwUi cvÎ G
A‡j ‰Zix nZ bv, ZvB aviYv Kiv hvq LwjdvZvev‡`i mv‡_ Ab¨ †`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM wQj| GQvov
cqwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v, †Uiv‡KvUv, †cvovgvwUi cyuwZ, Møvm, wewfbœ e‡Y©i g„rcvÎ, wcwiP cÖf„wZ cÖZ¤e¯` cvIqv
hvq| 2001 mvj †_‡K wewfbœ mgq GLv‡b LvbbKvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡”Q| G‡Z K‡i 600 eQi Av‡Mi
DjyN Lvb Rvnvb Avg‡ji bvbv ¯’vcbv I BU weQvbv moK QvovI emwZi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q| cÖZ¤e¯`yi
m‡½ cvIqv Rv‡ji ¸wUKv †`‡L aviYv Kiv nq †mB mg‡q GLv‡b grm¨Rxex †jvKR‡bi emevm wQj|
m§úªwZ 31 wW‡m§^i,2021 †_‡K 31 Rvbyqvwi,2022 ch©šÍ LbbKvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| LbbKv‡h©i
gva¨‡g cvIqv bvbv wb`k©b I cÖZ¤e¯` ZvwjKvfz³ K‡i ev‡MinvU Rv`yN‡i fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¤i Rb¨ msiÿY
Kiv n‡”Q| 17
Lvb Rvnvb hLb ev‡Minv‡U G‡mwQ‡jb ZLb myjZvwb hyM| Gi c‡ii mgqUv wQj †gvMj hyM| myjZvwb
Avg‡ji bvbv cÖZ¤e¯`yi cvkvcvwk Lb‡b cvIqv iw½b g„rcvÎ PKP‡K UvBj‡mi gZ wb`k©b¸‡jv †gvNj
Avg‡ji e‡j avibv Kiv nq| Rbejmn bvbv msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y GB cÖZ¤¯’vbwU h_vh_fv‡e msiÿY Kiv
m§¢e n‡”Q bv|

Source : Google
wPÎ: Lvb Rvnv‡bi emZwfUvq Lb‡bi d‡j cÖvß wewfbœ cÖZ¥e¯‘y
16
cÖvPxb iv¯Ív
lvU M§^yR gmwR` n‡Z cÖvq 350 wgUvi DËi I Lyjbv-ev‡MinvU gnvmoK n‡Z cÖvq 500 wgUvi DËi
w`‡K GB cÖvPxb iv¯ÍvwUi Ae¯’vb| Lvb Rvnvb KZ…©K wbwg©Z GB iv¯Ív LbbKv‡j 15 kZ‡Ki †ekwKQz
¸iæZ¡c~b© cÖZ¤e¯`y I aŸsmve‡kl Ges ¯’vcZ¨ KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ KvjfvU©, wbivcËv †PŠwK, cÖf…wZ cvIqv
hvq|

Source : Google
wPÎ: Lvb Rvnv‡bi wbwg©Z cÖvPxb iv¯Ív

Lvb Rvnvb iv¯Ív wbg©v‡b we‡kl `ÿ wQ‡jb| †kvfveib I bvMwiK myweavi Rb¨ wZwb LwjdvZvev‡`i
iv¯Ív¸wj cvKv K‡i cÖ¯`yZ K‡iwQ‡jb| LvÃvwj B‡Ui AvKvi †QvU wQj (‰`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’ 5/6 BwÂ, cyiæ 2
BwÂi Kg)| LvÃvwj GB BU AfMœ Aemš’vq wb‡q iv¯Ív cÖ¯`yZ K‡iwQ‡jb| iv¯Ívq j§^vjw¤^ 5 mvwi BU
_vKZ, cÖ‡Z¨K mvwi‡Z 2wU K‡i BU Ges mvwi¸wj mg`~ieZ©x wQj| `yB GKwU mvwi g‡a¨ Pvi cvuPLvwb
BU AvovAvwofv‡e emvb nZ| me¸wj BU cvkvcvwk KvZ K‡i emv‡bv nZ| `yBwU j§^v mvwii g‡a¨ cÖvq
2 dzU we¯Í…Z _vKZ| LvÃvwji cvKv iv¯Ívi we¯Í…wZ cÖvq 10 dzU| GB iv¯Ívi wbg©vb cÖYvjx eZ©gvb mg‡qi
gZ wQ j bv| cÖvq 500 eQi Zv ms¯‹vi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nqwb| LwjdvZvev` †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ GB iv¯Ív
wM‡qwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq| 18
eZ©gv‡b GB iv¯ÍvwUi †ewkifvM wb`k©b nvwi‡q †M‡Q| ZeyI GK wK:wg ch©šÍ msiÿ‡Yi c`‡ÿc MÖnb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| iv¯ÍvwUi GKw`K AÿZ Ae¯’vq ivLv n‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g cÖvPxb iv¯ÍvwU †Kgb wQj Zv
wKQzUv n‡jI Abyaveb Kiv hvq Ges cv‡ki w`KwU‡Z ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| iv¯ÍvwU msiÿ‡b fvix
hvbevn‡bi PjvP‡ji †ÿ‡Î wb‡lavÁv ‡`qv n‡q‡Q|

17
GB iv¯Ív LwjdvZvev‡`i mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv †i‡LwQj Zv mn‡RB Abyaveb
Kiv hvq| iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ‡mwU †hb †UKmB nq, Zv wbwðZ K‡iB KvR Kiv n‡qwQj, GKvi‡bB Zv
GZ eQi wU‡K _vK‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj| aviYv Kiv nq cÖej f~wgK‡§ú cÝv b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ© b
nIqvi d‡j iv¯ÍvwUi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejxb nq|

‡mvm©: wbR¯^ msMÖn

wPÎ: Lvb Rvnv‡bi wbwg©Z cÖvPxb iv¯Ív (iv¯Ívi GKwU w`K ms¯‹vi Kiv nqwb)

g~j¨vqb :
eZ©gvb ev‡Minv‡U Lvb Rvnv‡bi eû KxwZ© AvRI Avgv‡`i LwjdvZvev` kniwUi K_v ¯¦iY Kwi‡q †`q|
Lvb Dj Avhg DjyN Lvb B Rvnvb wQ‡jb GB LwjdvZvev‡`i cÖwZôvZv| gvRv‡ii wkjvwjwc Qvov Zvi
m§ú‡K© Rvbvi †Zgb †Kvb Drm †bB, ZvB Zvi cwiP‡qi e¨vcv‡i A¯úóZv i‡q †M‡Q| 15 kZ‡Ki
cÖ_gv‡a© wZwb LwjdvZvev‡`i kvmbKZ©v n‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_‡g w`jøxi m§ªvU Ges c‡i evsjvi myjZv‡bi KvQ
†_‡K my›`ie‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKvi RvqMxi jvf K‡ib| †hv×v Ges cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e
AvMgb NU‡jI RbwnZKi Kv‡R I Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ wZwb AvRI gvby‡li g‡b RvqMv K‡i
‡i‡L‡Qb| 15 kZ‡Ki kyiæ‡Z cÖwZwôZ Lvb Rvnv‡bi LwjdvZvev` wU‡K bv _vK‡jI, wewfbœ wb`k©‡bi
gva¨‡g Abyaveb Kiv hvq GwU GKwU mg„× kni wQj| myjZvb ev m§ªv‡Ui cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Lvb Rvnvb
GB LwjdvZvev‡`i kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡ib| LwjdvZvev` bv‡gi g‡a¨I Gi cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq|
Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖPvi Ges Zvi Pwi‡Îi mvayZv Zv‡K cxi ev GB ch©v‡qi gvb¨e¨w³‡Z cwibZ K‡i|
Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖmvi NUv‡Z mÿg nb e‡jB nqZ ¯’vc‡Z¨i †ÿ‡Î gmwR‡`i AvwaK¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq |
wZwb Rb`i`x kvmK wQ‡jb, ZvB GB A‡ji cvwb jebv³ nIqvq RbM‡bi cvwbi mgm¨v `~ixKi‡b
wZwb AmsL¨ `xwN ev Rjvkq Lbb K‡iwQ‡jb| LwjdvZvev‡` Zvi RbwnZKi KvR, mykvmb cÖf…wZ
wel‡qi gva¨‡g Lvb Rvnvb ej cÖ‡qvM QvovB ivRfw³ jvf K‡ib| LwjdvZvev‡` wbwg©Z iv¯Ív GB
A‡ji mv‡_ Av‡kcv‡k Ggb wK PÆMÖv‡gi mv‡_I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡iwQj e‡j avibv Kiv hvq|
18
ag© cÖPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Lvb Rvnvb wbwe©‡Nœ Zvi Kvh© m§úv`b Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Ges GB AÂj I gvby‡li
mv‡_ AvwZ¤K m§úK© m§¢eZ Zv‡K GB A‡j emwZ ¯’vc‡b DØy× K‡iwQj| GQvov e„× eq‡m GLv‡b
†_‡K hvIqv‡KB Dchy³ g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb| c~‡e© my›`ie‡bi we¯Í…wZ AviI e¨vcK wQj| wZwb R½j cwi®‹vi
K‡i Avev‡`i cÖmvi NUvb hv RbemwZi we¯Ívi NUv‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L| jeYv³ cvwb I R½jvKxY© nIqv
m‡Z¡I emwZ ¯’vc‡bi m§úªmvib N‡U‡Q| gvwK©b BwZnvmwe` wiPvW© Gg. BUvb Zvi The Rise of Islam
& The Bengal Frontier MÖ‡š’ `wÿYv‡j gymjgvb‡`i emwZ ¯’vcb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| R½j
cwi®‹vi K‡i‡Qb emwZ ¯’vc‡b RbMb‡K mnvqZv K‡iwQj cxiiv| Zv‡`i‡K wZwb D‡`¨v³v cxi e‡j
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| cxiMY g~jZ ag© cªPviK wQ‡jb| GiKg ‡bZ„Z¡`vbKvix cxi wnmv‡e Lvb Rvnv‡bi
K_v BU‡bi eB‡Z D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ gmwR` wbwg©Z nq LwjdvZvev‡` †hLv‡b ZzwK© I †gvNj ixwZi
mv‡_ A‡bK †ÿ‡Î AvÂwjK ixwZi cÖfve †`Lv hvq| LbbKv‡h©i d‡j wKQz cÖZœe¯` †_‡K avibv Kiv hvq
LwjdvZvev‡`i mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM wQj | LwjdvZvev‡`i †hme KxwZ© eZ©gvb i‡q‡Q, Gme
msiÿ‡b bvbv D‡`¨M †bqv n‡jI, G‡ÿ‡Î bvbv mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| †jvKe‡ji Afve, A_© msKU mn
bvbv welq G‡ÿ‡Î RwoZ| GLvbKvi cvwb jebv³ nIqvq msiÿ‡bi bvbv ˆeÁvwbK c×wZi cÖ‡qvM
n‡jI , `xN©¯’vqx mydj cvIqv m§¢e nqwb| ¸iæZ¡c~b© GB bMixi hZUzKzB Aewkó i‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e
msiÿY Ges Lbb Kvh© Pvwj‡q bMixi we¯ÍvwiZ BwZnvm cybiæ×v‡ii †Póv Ae¨vnZ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|

Dcmsnvi :
Lvb Rvnv‡bi LwjdvZvev` Avgv‡`i HwZ‡n¨i Ask| ag© cÖPviK I mvay Pwi‡Îi Lvb Rvnvb GLbI
gvby‡li fw³ I kÖ×vi cvÎ hv Zvi gvRv‡i †M‡jB Abyaveb Kiv hvq| Zvi cÖwZwôZ LwjdvZvev` †K
mg„× Ki‡Z wZwb RbwnZKi bvbv c`‡ÿc MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi mydj AvRI A‡bK †ÿ‡Î gvbyl †fvM
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| cyi‡bv GB kni Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| Kv‡ji cwiµgvq GB kni nvwi‡q
†M‡jI , GB kn‡ii we¯ÍvwiZ BwZnvm cyb©MV‡b KvR K‡i ‡h‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z fwel¨Z cÖRb¤I GB mg„×
kni m§ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|

19
Z_¨m~Î :
1. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi -Lyjbvi BwZnvm. 1g LÛ, c„ôv bs-407
2. J.R.A.S. Vol. Xiii Part -1, weµgcy‡ii BwZnvm , c„ôv bs -47
3. Sunder’s Antiquities of Bagerhat. pp. 8-15
4. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -419
5. wek^‡Kvl, cxivwj cÖeÜ, 11 LÛ, 484 c„ôv Furrell, T.W The Tagore Family.P-19
6. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -426
7. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -430
8. Hunter’s Statical Accounts, Vol ii P. 230
9. Nazimuddin Ahmed, The Building of Khan Jahan in and Around
Bagerhat, P-22
10. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -440
11. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -427
12. https://bn.banglapedia.org (wewe‡eMwb gmwR`)
13. †gv: †gvkvid †nv‡mb Ges Ab¨vb¨, LwjdvZvev`, ev‡MinvU, cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi, c„ôv bs -29
14. ‰mq` gvngy`yj nvmvb, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivKxwZ©, c„ôv bs -46
15. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -426
16. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -349
17. https://prothmalo.com (Lvb Rvnvb Gi emZwfUv Lbb)
18. mZxk P›`ª wgÎ, h‡kvi-Lyjbvi BwZnvm, 1g LÛ , c„ôv bs -435

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