Table 1.

1 : Time series river discharge data

1
calculate river stage

Day Flow rate (*1000 m3/s) H (m) Day

1 14.12 20.40 1
2 22.05 24.25 2
3 22.34 24.38 3
4 20.07 23.37 4
5 21.15 23.85 5
6 19.82 23.25 6
7 20.65 23.63 7
8 23.57 24.90 8
9 22.19 24.31 9
10 18.32 22.55 10
11 14.45 20.58 11
12 12.72 19.62 12
13 13.67 20.16 13
14 12.58 19.54 14
15 9.33 17.52 15
16 9.67 17.75 16
17 10.65 18.38 17
18 14.47 20.59 18
19 11.02 18.61 19
20 9.82 17.85 20
21 12.5 19.49 21
22 16.1 21.45 22
23 17.4 22.10 23
24 9.48 17.62 24
25 8.41 16.89 25
26 9.33 17.52 26
27 10.4 18.22 27
28 12.62 19.56 28
29 15.3 21.04 29
30 13.84 20.25 30
Sum
Mean
N
 Normality checking

Calculation for data transformation and skewness test

H (m) = X(t) Y(t) Yd=Y(t) -Ymean Yd 2 Yd3

20.40 4.51718 -0.01975 0.00039 -0.00001
24.25 4.92450 0.38757 0.15021 0.05822
24.38 4.93729 0.40036 0.16029 0.06417
23.37 4.83384 0.29691 0.08816 0.02618
23.85 4.88403 0.34710 0.12048 0.04182
23.25 4.82196 0.28503 0.08124 0.02316
23.63 4.86102 0.32409 0.10504 0.03404
24.90 4.99030 0.45338 0.20555 0.09319
24.31 4.93069 0.39376 0.15505 0.06105
22.55 4.74837 0.21145 0.04471 0.00945
20.58 4.53695 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000
19.62 4.42959 -0.10734 0.01152 -0.00124
20.16 4.48970 -0.04722 0.00223 -0.00011
19.54 4.42047 -0.11645 0.01356 -0.00158
17.52 4.18596 -0.35097 0.12318 -0.04323
17.75 4.21288 -0.32405 0.10501 -0.03403
18.38 4.28705 -0.24988 0.06244 -0.01560
20.59 4.53813 0.00121 0.00000 0.00000
18.61 4.31384 -0.22309 0.04977 -0.01110
17.85 4.22456 -0.31237 0.09758 -0.03048
19.49 4.41523 -0.12170 0.01481 -0.00180
21.45 4.63137 0.09444 0.00892 0.00084
22.10 4.70115 0.16422 0.02697 0.00443
17.62 4.19792 -0.33901 0.11493 -0.03896
16.89 4.10960 -0.42732 0.18261 -0.07803
17.52 4.18596 -0.35097 0.12318 -0.04323
18.22 4.26858 -0.26834 0.07201 -0.01932
19.56 4.42309 -0.11384 0.01296 -0.00148
21.04 4.58647 0.04954 0.00245 0.00012
20.25 4.50015 -0.03677 0.00135 -0.00005
136.1078 2.13658 0.09642
4.536927
30

skewness
 0.169

Test for normal distributed data using Skewness

Null Hypothesis: Data is normally distributed
Alternative Hypothesis: Data is not normally distributed
Level of Significance:α=5%
Z0.025 1.96
Z0.025*SQRT(6/N) 0.877
 derive of unit hydrograph
2
Time (hr) Discharge (m3/s) rainfall (mm) base flow (m3/s) DRH (m3/s) 𝑅_𝑚−∅∆𝑡
0 0 1
1 1 17 1 0 5
2 5.5 22 1 4.5 10
3 12.4 14 1 11.4 2
4 15.4 1 14.4
5 13 1 12
6 9.6 1 8.6
7 6.2 1 5.2
8 3.05 1 2.05
9 0.9 1 0
10 0.1 1
11 0 1
sum 17
∅_index 12 mm/hr
∆t 1
rd 17 mm

rise time 4 hr
recession time 7.5 hr
base time 9 hr
lag time 3.5 hr

1hr-UNIT HYDROGRAPH
tr =1hr
1.00
0.90 recession time
0.80 tp
Discharge (m3/s)

0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0 1 rise2 time3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tb
Time (hr)
 1hr-UH
Hydrograph
18
0.00
16
0.26 measured hydrograph
0.67 14 Base flow
0.85 Discharge (m3/s) 12
0.71 10
0.51
8
0.31
0.12 6

0.00 4

0
0 2 4 Time6(hr) 8 10 12

1hr-UNIT HYDROGRAPH
0.90
0.80
0.70
Discharge (m3/s)

0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (hr)

9 10
 Develop a linear regression model
3
Rainfall Rainfall Runoff Xdi (Xi Ydi (Yi-
event No. (mm) = Xi (mm) = Yi -Xmean) Ymean) Xdi2 Ydi2
1 42.39 13.26 -0.5506 -1.3675 0.3032 1.8701
2 33.48 3.31 -9.4606 -11.3175 89.5034 128.0858
3 47.67 15.17 4.7294 0.5425 22.3670 0.2943
4 50.24 15.5 7.2994 0.8725 53.2809 0.7613
5 43.28 14.22 0.3394 -0.4075 0.1152 0.1661
6 52.6 21.2 9.6594 6.5725 93.3035 43.1978
7 31.06 7.7 -11.8806 -6.9275 141.1493 47.9903
8 50.02 17.64 7.0794 3.0125 50.1176 9.0752
9 47.08 22.91 4.1394 8.2825 17.1344 68.5998
10 47.08 18.89 4.1394 4.2625 17.1344 18.1689
11 40.89 12.82 -2.0506 -1.8075 4.2051 3.2671
12 37.31 11.58 -5.6306 -3.0475 31.7039 9.2873
13 37.15 15.17 -5.7906 0.5425 33.5313 0.2943
14 40.38 10.4 -2.5606 -4.2275 6.5568 17.8718
15 45.39 18.02 2.4494 3.3925 5.9994 11.5091
16 41.03 16.25 -1.9106 1.6225 3.6505 2.6325
sum 687.05 234.04 570.0559 363.0713
mean 42.940625 14.6275
N 16
𝑆xx 570.056
𝑆yy 363.071
𝑆xy 369.423
𝑌=𝑎+𝑏𝑋
b = 𝑆xy/𝑆xx 0.64805
𝑌 = -13.2+0.68𝑋
a =Ymean -b*Xmean -13.200

Se2 8.83341488205
volume( Mm3)
a 1.2
intensity(mm/hr)
b 12

c
 Xdi *Ydi xy x2
0.7530 562.0914 1796.9121
107.0706 110.8188 1120.9104
2.5657 723.1539 2272.4289
6.3687 778.72 2524.0576
-0.1383 615.4416 1873.1584
63.4862 1115.12 2766.76
82.3030 239.162 964.7236
21.3266 882.3528 2502.0004
34.2844 1078.603 2216.5264
17.6441 889.3412 2216.5264
3.7065 524.2098 1671.9921
17.1593 432.0498 1392.0361
-3.1414 563.5655 1380.1225
10.8250 419.952 1630.5444
8.3095 817.9278 2060.2521
-3.1000 666.7375 1683.4609
369.4230 10419.25 30072.412

𝑋
3.2+0.68𝑋

area( Km2) depth Rainfall(m) R(mm)

40 3 23.8235294 23823.53
duration(hr) depth runoff(mm)
3 36 10.1296486
 Sream Hydrograph

A Constant-Discharge Methods
4
Time Discharge (m3/s) baseflow(m3/s) direct runoff(m3/s) Duration (hr) Volume(Mm3)
204 142 200 0
304 196 200 0 100 0
404 200 200 0 100 0
504 598 200 398 100 143.28
604 1308 200 1108 100 398.88
704 1018 200 818 100 294.48
804 1546 200 1346 100 484.56
904 3987 200 3787 100 1363.32
1004 1300 200 1100 100 396
1104 1200 200 1000 100 360
1204 2940 200 2740 100 986.4
1304 1148 200 948 100 341.28
1404 1380 200 1180 100 424.8
1504 815 815 100 293.4
1604 755 755 100 271.8
5758.2

B Constant Slope Method

Time Discharge (m3/s) baseflow(m3/s) direct runoff(m3/s) Duration (hr) Volume(Mm3)

204 142
304 196
404 200
504 598
604 1308
704 1018
804 1546
904 3987
1004 1300
1104 1200
1204 2940
1304 1148
1404 1380
1504 815
1604 755
ume(Mm3)
4500 Stream Hydrograph
4000
3500
3000
Discharge(m3/s)

2500 Stream hydrograph

2000 baseflow
1500
1000
500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Time

Stream Hydrograph
4500
4000
3500 Stream Hydrograph

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
 A 200-acre watershed is 40 percent agricultural and 60 percent urban land. The agricultural area is 40 percent c
percent meadow in good condition, 25 percent forest land with good cover. The urban area is residential: 60 perce
percent is streets and roads with curbs and storm sewers. The entire watershed is in hydrologic soil group B. Comp
5 Assume AMC II conditions.

give data
watershed area A 200 acre Cover
watershed 40% coverd by agriculture 40% A 80 acre Number(CN)
cultivated land with conservation treatment A1 32 acre 71
meadow in good condition A2 28 acre 58
forest land with good cover A3 20 acre 55
watershed 60% coverd by urban area 60%A 120 acre
60 percent is 1/3-acre-lots A4 72 acre 72
25 percent is ¼-acre lots A5 30 acre 75
15 % is streets and road A6 18 acre 98
 gricultural area is 40 percent cultivated land with conservation treatment, 35
an area is residential: 60 percent is 1/3-acre-lots, 25 percent is ¼-acre lots and 15
hydrologic soil group B. Compute the runoff from watershed for 5 inch of rainfall.
conditions.

potential maximum rainfall(P) runoff (Q)

CN storage(S) (inch)
70.97 4.0905 5 2.1141
 Construct a 3-hr unit hydrograph by use S-hydrograph

6 2-hr UH S-curver S-curver Lagged S-curver

Time (hr) (cfs) additions (cfs) ordinates (cfs) S-curver (cfs) difference (cfs)
0 0 0 0
1 100 100 100
2 250 0 250 250
3 200 100 300 0 300
4 100 250 350 100 250
5 50 300 350 250 100
6 0 350 350 300 50

400 S-Hydrograph
350

300
Discharge (cfs)

250

200 2-hr UH
S-curve
150
3-hr UH
100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (hr)
3-hr UH
(cfs)
0
66.66667
166.6667
200
166.6667
66.66667
33.33333
 Compute steam flow hydrograph
7 stream flow hydrograph = direct runoff hydrograph(DRH) + baseflow
compute Direct runoff by use the discrete convolution equation
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
6-hr UH excess rainfall ordinate of baseflow Streamflow
1100
Time (hr) (m3/s.cm) (P)(cm) DRH (m3/s) (m3/s) Hydrograph (m3/s)

Discharge (m3/s)
1000
0 0 5 0 100 100 900
6 1.8 15 9 100 109 800
12 30.9 181.5 100 281.5 700
18 85.6 891.5 100 991.5 600
24 41.8 1493 100 1593 500
400
30 14.6 700 100 800
300
36 5.5 246.5 100 346.5
200
42 1.8 91.5 100 191.5 100
0
0 5
 Streamflow Hydrograph
1600
1500 Stream Hydrograph
1400 Baseflow
1300 Direct runoff hy-
1200 drograph
1100
Discharge (m3/s)

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time(hr)
 Derive a 2-hr unit hydrograph by Use the SCS dimensionless unit hydrograph
8
lag time (tp) 8.5 hr
Duration (tr ) 2 hr
time of rise (Tp) 9.5 hr
drainage area(A) 180 km2
peak discharge(Qp) 39.4105 m3/s

The coordinate of SCS dimensionless unit hydrograph t/Tp and Q/Qp is given in table 6.12 (in Engin

t/Tp Q/Qp Time, t (hr) Discharge,Q(m3/s) 2-hr UH

0.00 0.000 0 0.000 0.000
0.10 0.015 0.95 0.591 0.591
0.20 0.075 1.9 2.956 2.956
0.30 0.160 2.85 6.306 6.306
0.40 0.280 3.8 11.035 11.035
0.50 0.430 4.75 16.947 16.947
0.60 0.600 5.7 23.646 23.646
0.70 0.770 6.65 30.346 30.346
0.80 0.890 7.6 35.075 35.075
0.90 0.970 8.55 38.228 38.228
1.00 1.000 9.5 39.411 39.411
1.10 0.980 10.45 38.622 38.622
1.20 0.920 11.4 36.258 36.258
1.30 0.840 12.35 33.105 33.105
1.40 0.750 13.3 29.558 29.558
1.50 0.660 14.25 26.011 26.011
1.60 0.560 15.2 22.070 22.070
1.80 0.420 17.1 16.552 16.552
2.00 0.320 19 12.611 12.611
2.20 0.240 20.9 9.459 9.459
2.40 0.180 22.8 7.094 7.094
2.60 0.130 24.7 5.123 5.123
2.80 0.098 26.6 3.862 3.862
3.00 0.074 28.5 2.916 2.916
3.50 0.036 33.25 1.419 1.419
4.00 0.018 38 0.709 0.709
4.50 0.009 42.75 0.355 0.355
5.00 0.004 47.5 0.158 0.158
ydrograph

in table 6.12 (in Engineering Hydrology-Subramanya)

SCS Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph

1.200

1.000

0.800
Q/Qp

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
t/Tp

2-hr Unit Hydrograph

45.000
40.000
35.000
Discharge (m3/s)

30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (hr)
 test of randomness by linear regration test
9
Years
evapotanspiration
Xt tdi Xdi tdi2 Xdi2 tdi*Xdi
1 68.04 -9.5 3.097 90.25 9.591409 -29.4215
2 58.71 -8.5 -6.233 72.25 38.85029 52.9805
3 60.02 -7.5 -4.923 56.25 24.23593 36.9225
4 60.36 -6.5 -4.583 42.25 21.00389 29.7895
5 62.65 -5.5 -2.293 30.25 5.257849 12.6115
6 64.17 -4.5 -0.773 20.25 0.597529 3.4785
7 62.82 -3.5 -2.123 12.25 4.507129 7.4305
8 64.41 -2.5 -0.533 6.25 0.284089 1.3325
9 64.6 -1.5 -0.343 2.25 0.117649 0.5145
10 63.45 -0.5 -1.493 0.25 2.229049 0.7465
11 65.35 0.5 0.407 0.25 0.165649 0.2035
12 64.65 1.5 -0.293 2.25 0.085849 -0.4395
13 67.37 2.5 2.427 6.25 5.890329 6.0675
14 66.27 3.5 1.327 12.25 1.760929 4.6445
15 68.39 4.5 3.447 20.25 11.88181 15.5115
16 66.77 5.5 1.827 30.25 3.337929 10.0485
17 68.24 6.5 3.297 42.25 10.87021 21.4305
18 68.04 7.5 3.097 56.25 9.591409 23.2275
19 66.53 8.5 1.587 72.25 2.518569 13.4895
20 68.02 9.5 3.077 90.25 9.467929 29.2315
mean 10.5 64.943
sum 665 162.2454 239.8
N 20
𝑆xx 162.2454
𝑆tt 665
𝑆xt 239.8
b = 𝑆xt/𝑆tt 0.360602 Linear regration mode
a =Xmean -b*tmean 61.15668 Xt = a+bt
X = 61.1567+ 0.3606t
Se2 4.209621
t 4.532281
ration mode
+bt
1.1567+ 0.3606t