Example 2.1. Design of A Slab System Including Five Slabs

REINFORCED CONCRETE-II LECTURE’S NOTES Prof. Dr.
Yusuf AYVAZ
Example 2.1. Design of a Slab System Including Five Slabs
Preliminary plan of the slab system considered is presented in the following figure.
25
BD101
425
D101 D102
25
425
D103 DD104
25
25 325 25 325 25 107,5
The other data for this slab system is given below.
Coating (3 cm quarry mosaic) : 22 kN/m3

Plaster (2 cm) : 19 kN/m3
Smoothing mortar (4 cm) : 16 kN/m3
Filling slag (20 cm) : 12 kN/m3
Live load : 2 kN/m2
Materials : C30 – B420C
Seismic zone : İstanbul (The first seismic zone)
1. Slab Numbers
The slabs with the same span lengths, edge conditions, and design loads are given the same
slab number. In this numbering, D, DD, and BD notations are used for normal, lower and
cantilever slabs, respectively. In this example, all slabs are given numbers since they are not
identical to each other.
27
REINFORCED CONCRETE-II LECTURE’S NOTES Prof. Dr. Yusuf AYVAZ
2. Slab Thicknesses
● Slab D101
ll = 450 cm
450
ls = 350 cm
lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm
350
ll 450
m= = = 1.29 < 2. Therefore, this is a two-way RC slab.
ls 350
450 + 350
=αs = 0.5
2*(450 + 350)
 80 mm


 lsn α 3250 0.5
 (1 =
− s) (1 −= ) 93.2 mm
20 4 20 4
 15 + 15 +
hf ≥  m 1.29


= ls 3500
 30 = 30
116.7 mm
Therefore, the slab thickness is

 chosen as 120 mm ( h f = 120 mm ).
● Slab D102
ll = 450 cm
450
ls = 350 cm
lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm
350
ll 450
m= = = 1.29 < 2 Therefore, this is a two-way RC slab.
ls 350
450 + 450
=αs = 0.56
2*(450 + 350)
28
 80 mm


 lsn α 3250 0.56
 (1 =
− s) (1 − = ) 91.6 mm
20 4 20 4
 15 + 15 +
hf ≥  m 1.29


= ls 3500
 35 = 35
100 mm


Therefore, the slab thickness is chosen as 100 mm ( h f = 100 mm ).
● Slab D103
ll = 450 cm
450
ls = 350 cm
lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm
350
ll 450
ls 350
350
=αs = 0.22
2*(450 + 350)
 80 mm


 lsn α 3250 0.22
 (1 =
− s) (1 − = ) 100.7 mm
20 4 20 4
 15 + 15 +
hf ≥  m 1.29


= ls 3500
 25 = 25
140 mm


29
● Slab DD104
ll = 450 cm
450
ls = 350 cm
lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm
350
ll 450
ls 350
0
=αs = 0
2*(450 + 350)
 80 mm


 lsn α 3250 0
 (1=
− s) =
(1 − ) 106.5 mm
20 4 20 4
 15 + 15 +
hf ≥  m 1.29


= ls 3500
 25 = 25
140 mm
Therefore, the slab thickness is

 chosen as 140 mm ( h f = 140 mm ).
● Slab BD104
Since this is a cantilever slab, it is better to determine the slab thickness in order not to
calculate its deflection.
l 1200
hf ≥ = = 120 mm
10 10
As seen from this example, the thicknesses of the slabs in the slab system are determined
different from each other. In practice, it is better to use one or two different slab thickness for
all slabs in a slab system. In this example, in order to clarify the effects of using different slab
thicknesses in the design procedure, the thicknesses of the slabs in the slab system are kept as
determined.
30
3. Slab Loads (g, q, p d )
• Slab D101
- Dead loads (g):

Self-weight of slab : γ conc * h f = 25*0.12 = 3.0 kN/m2
Coating : 22*0.03 =0.66 kN/m2
Plaster : 19*0.02=0.38 kN/m2
Smoothing mortar : 16*0.04=0.64 kN/m2
g = 4.68 kN/m2
- Live load (q): q = 2 kN/m2
- Slab design load (p d ): p d = 1.4g + 1.6q = 9.75 kN/m2
• Slab D102
- Dead loads (g):

Coating : 22*0.03 =0.66 kN/m2
Plaster : 19*0.02=0.38 kN/m2
g = 4.18 kN/m2
• Slab D103
- Dead loads (g):

Coating : 22*0.03 =0.66 kN/m2
Plaster : 19*0.02=0.38 kN/m2
g = 5.18 kN/m2
• Slab DD104
- Dead loads (g):

Coating : 22*0.03 =0.66 kN/m2
Plaster : 19*0.02=0.38 kN/m2
Filling materials : 12*0.20=2.40 kN/m2
g = 7.58 kN/m2
31
• Slab BD101
- Dead loads (g):

Coating : 22*0.03 =0.66 kN/m2
Plaster : 19*0.02=0.38 kN/m2
g = 4.68 kN/m2
4. Design Span and Support Bending Moments of the Slabs
α moment coefficients that will be used in the computation of design span and support
bending moments of each slab are given in the following table.
Slab Edge ll α Moment Coefficients

No Conditions m= In the direction of the x axis In the direction of the y axis
ls Span Support Span Support
Continuous Discontinuous Continuous Discontinuous
D101 Given above 1.29 0.050 0.0655 0.025 0.037 0.049 0.0185
D102 Given above 1.29 0.051 0.0685 - 0.044 - 0.022
D103 Given above 1.29 0.0575 - 0.0288 0.044 0.058 0.022
DD104 Given above 1.29 0.0665 - 0.0333 0.050 - 0.025
• Slab D101
— In the direction of the x axis:

Design span bending moment : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.050 *9.75*3.252 = 5.15 kNm
Design support bending moment at continuous edge : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.0655*9.75*3.252
= 6.75 kNm
Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.025 *9.75*3.252
= 2.57 kNm
— In the direction of the y axis:

Design support bending moment at continuous edge : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.049 *9.75*3.252
=5.05 kNm
Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.0185*9.75*3.252
= 1.91 kNm
32
• Slab D102

Design support bending moment at continuous edge : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.0685*9.05*3.252
= 6.55 kNm

= 2.10 kNm
• Slab D103

Design span bending moment : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.0575 *10.45*3.252 = 6.35
kNm
Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α *p d *l sn 2
= 0.0288 *10.45*3.252 = 3.18 kNm

Design support bending moment at continuous edge : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.058 *10.45*3.252
=6.40 kNm
= 2.43 kNm
• Slab DD104

Design span bending moment : M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.0665 *13.81*3.252 = 9.70
kNm
Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α *p d *l sn 2
= 0.0333 *13.81*3.252 = 4.86 kNm

33

= 3.65 kNm
• Slab BD101
Since this is a cantilever slab, the design bending moment of this slab is determined as the
support bending moment of a cantilever beam with unit width.
M d = 0.5*p d *l sn 2 = 0.5 *9.75*1.0752 = 5.63 kNm
5. Design Support Bending Moment that will be used in the Calculation of

Reinforcement
• D101-D102 Support
M dD102 6.55
= = 0.97 > 0.80 . Therefore, in the calculation of the amount of reinforcement
M dD101 6.75
required, the larger value (as absolute value) will be used. This value is M d = M dD101 =6.75
kNm.
M dD101 5.05
= = 0.79 < 0.80 . Therefore, the support bending moment should be corrected to
M dD103 6.40
obtain the design support bending moment. This correction is given below.
DM= M dD103 − M dD101= 6.40 − 5.05= 1.35

120
k=
D101 = 0.034
3500
140
k=
D103 = 0.04
3500
k D103 2 0, 04 2
M′dD103= M dD103 − DM= 6.40 − * *1.35= 5.91 kNm
k D103 + k D101 3 0.034 + 0.04 3
k D101 2 0.034 2
M′dD101= M dD101 + DM= 5.05 + * *1.35= 5.46 kNm
k D103 + k D101 3 0.034 + 0.04 3
M′dD101 5.46
= = 0.92 > 0.80 Therefore, in the calculation of the amount of reinforcement
M′dD103 5.91
required, the larger value (as absolute value) will be used. This value is M d = M′dD103 =5.91
kNm.
34
• D102-BD101 Support
If one of the slabs is a cantilever slab, correction on the support bending moment is not
suggested. It is suggested that the larger value should be used as a design support bending
moment in the calculation of the reinforcement required. Therefore, since
M dD102= 6.55 kNm > M dBD101= 5.63 kNm , the design support bending moment is M d =
M dD102 =6.55 kNm.
At the supports other than the ones mentioned above, corrections on the support bending
moment are not made since they are discontinuous.
6. Calculation of Amount of Reinforcement
In order to calculate amount of reinforcement required, the effective depth at each direction
for all slabs should be determined. In order to determine these effective depths, the diameter
of reinforcing bar and clear concrete cover for all slabs should be selected.
Since the diameter of the flexural reinforcement for slabs should not be less than 8 mm (∅ ≥ 8
mm), the diameter of the reinforcing bars is chosen as 8 mm (∅=8 mm) for all slabs, and clear
concrete cover for slabs should not be less than 15 mm, it is chosen as 15 mm (c c = 15 mm).
— Calculation of the Effective Depths (d) of Slabs
In this calculation, in order to be more economical by obtaining the largest effective depth for
the larger moment, it is assumed that the span reinforcement in the shorter direction will be
placed close to the bottom of the slab than that in the longer direction.
• Slab D101
Support d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 120 – 15 – 8/2= 101 mm
Span, in the shorter direction d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 120 – 15 – 8/2= 101 mm
Span, in the longer direction d = h f - c c - ∅ - ∅/2 = 120 – 15 – 8 - 8/2 = 93 mm
• Slab D102
Support d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 100 – 15 – 8/2= 81 mm
35

• Slab D103
Support d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 140 – 15 – 8/2= 121 mm
• Slab DD104
Support d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 140 – 15 – 8/2= 121 mm
• Slab BD101
Support d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 120 – 15 – 8/2= 101 mm
6.1. Span Reinforcements
• Slab D101
— In the x axis direction
In this direction, the design bending moment and the effective depth are determined before as
M d = 5.15 kNm, and d= 101 mm, respectively.
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 101- ) = 5.15*106
2
8500a2 - 1717000a + 5.15*106 = 0
a2 – 202a + 605.88 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 4*1*(605.88) 202 ± 195,91

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
36
⇒ a 1 = 198.96 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.05 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd *b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(3.05)
As= =142.05 mm2
365
As 142.05
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.0014 < 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*101
should be taken as 0.0015 (ρ=0.0015). Amount of reinforcement is:
= = 151.5 mm 2 . Bar number is,
A s 0.0015*1000*101
151.50
n= = 3.01.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, ss = 332.23mm → 330 mm. However, according to
3.01
TS500, reinforcement spacing in the shorter direction should satisfy the following equation.
1.5* h f
ss ≤ 
200 mm
Therefore,
= = 180 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*120
ss ≤  → ss =
180 mm .
200 mm
Result: ∅8/360 straight bar + ∅8/360 bent bar
— In the y axis direction
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd *b*a*(d- ) = M d
2
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 93- ) = 3.81*106
2
37
8500a2 - 1581000a + 3.81*106 = 0

a2 – 186a + 448.24 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 186 ± (186) 2 − 4*1*(448.24) 186 ± 181.12

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 183.56 mm
⇒ a 2 = 2.44 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s* f yd = 0.85*f cd* b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(2.44)
As= =113.64 mm2
365
As 113.64
Reinforcement ratio, ρ =
= = 0.00122 < 0.0015 Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*93
A s 0.0015*1000*93
139.50
n= = 2.77.
50.3
1000
Reinforcement spacing,=sl = 361.01mm → 360 mm. However, according to TS500,
2.77
reinforcement spacing in the longer direction should satisfy the following equation.
1.5* h f
sl ≤ 
250 mm
Therefore,
= = 180 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*120
sl ≤  → sl =
180 mm .
250 mm
The sum of the reinforcement in the x and y directions should not be less than 0.0035 for steel
grade S420. Amount of reinforcements placed are:
1000
=A ss = *50.3 279 mm 2
180
.
1000
=A sl = *50.3 279 mm 2
180
Corresponding reinforcement ratios are as follows:
38
279
=ρs = 0.00276
1000*101
279
=ρl = 0.003
1000*93
The sum of the both reinforcement ratios is
=
ρs + ρl 0.00276 +=
0.003 0.00576. Since this sum is larger than 0.0035 the result satisfies
code criterion.
• Slab D102
Fc=0,85.fcd.b.a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As.fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 81- ) = 4.88*106
2
8500a2 - 1377000a + 4.88*106 = 0
a2 – 162a + 574.12 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(574.12) 162 ± 154.75

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 158.37 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.63 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s* f yd = 0.85*f cd* b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(3.63)
As= =143.71 mm2
365
As 143.71
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.0018 > 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*81
required satisfies code requirement. Bar number is,
39
143.71
n= = 2.86.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, ss = 349.65 mm → 340 mm. However, according to
2.86
1.5* h f
ss ≤ 
200 mm
Therefore,
= = 150 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*100
ss ≤  → ss =
150 mm .
200 mm
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 73- ) = 4.21*106
2
8500a2 - 1241000a + 4.21*106 = 0
a2 – 146a + 495.29 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 146 ± (146) 2 − 4*1*(495.29) 146 ± 139.05

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 142.52 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.48 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(3.48)
As= =162.08 mm2
365
40
As 162.08
Reinforcement ratio, ρ =
= = 0.00222 > 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*73
162.08
n= = 3.22.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, sl = 310.56 mm → 310 mm. However, according to
3.22
TS500, reinforcement spacing in the longer direction should satisfy the following equation.
1.5* h f
sl ≤ 
250 mm
Therefore,
= = 150 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*100
sl ≤  → sl =
150 mm .
250 mm
1000
=A ss = *50.3 335.33 mm 2
150
.
1000
=A sl = *50.3 335.33 mm 2
150
335.33
=ρs = 0.0041
1000*81
335.33
=ρl = 0.0046
1000*73
ρ=
s + ρl 0.0041 + 0.0046
= 0.0087. Since this sum is larger than 0.0035, the result satisfies
code criterion.
• Slab D103
41
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 121- ) = 6.35*106
2
8500a2 - 2057000a + 6.35*106 = 0
a2 – 242a + 747,06 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 4*1*(747.06) 242 ± 235.75

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 238.87 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.13 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(3.13)
As= =145.78 mm2
365
As 145.78
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.0012 < 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*121
A s 0.0015*1000*121
181.50
n= = 3.61.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, ss = 277.01mm → 270 mm. However, according to
3.61
1.5* h f
ss ≤ 
200 mm
Therefore,
= = 210 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*140
ss ≤  → ss =
200 mm .
200 mm
42
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 113- ) = 4.86*106
2
8500a2 - 1921000a + 4.86*106 = 0
a2 – 226a + 571.76 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 4*1*(571.76) 226 ± 220.88

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 223.44 mm
⇒ a 2 = 2.56 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(2.56)
As= =119.23 mm2
365
As 119.23
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.00106 < 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement
b*d 1000*113
ratio should be taken as 0.0015 (ρ=0.0015). Amount of reinforcement is:
A s 0.0015*1000*113
169.50
n= = 3.37.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, sl = 296.74 mm → 290 mm. However, according to
3.37
1.5* h f
sl ≤ 
250 mm
Therefore,
43
= = 210 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*140
sl ≤  → sl =
210 mm .
250 mm
1000
=A ss = *50.3 251.50 mm 2
200
.
1000
=A sl = *50.3 239.52 mm 2
210
251.50
=ρs = 0.0021
1000*121
239.52
=ρl = 0.0021
1000*113
ρ=
s + ρl 0.0021 + 0.0021
= 0.0042 > 0.0035 . Since this sum is larger than 0.0035 the result
satisfies code criterion.
• Slab DD104
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 121- ) = 9.70*106
2
8500a2 - 2057000a + 9.70*106 = 0
a2 – 242a + 1141.18 = 0
44
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 4*1*(1141.18) 242 ± 232.38

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 237.19 mm
⇒ a 2 = 4.81 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

0.85*(20)*1000*(4.81)
As= =224.03 mm2
365
As 224.03
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.00185 > 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement
b*d 1000*121
ratio required satisfies code requirement. Bar number is,
224.03
n= = 4.45 adet.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, ss = 224.72 mm → 220 mm. However, according to
4.45
1.5* h f
ss ≤ 
200 mm
Therefore,
= = 210 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*140
ss ≤  → ss =
200 mm .
200 mm
Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
hf
1000 mm Fs=As*fyd
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 113- ) = 7.29*106
2
45
8500a2 - 1921000a + 7.29*106 = 0

a2 – 226a + 857.65 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 4*1*(857.65) 226 ± 218.28

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 222.14 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.86 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

0.85*(20)*1000*(3.86)
As= =179.78 mm2
365
As 179.78
Reinforcement ratio, ρ == = 0.0016 > 0.0015 . Therefore, reinforcement ratio
b*d 1000*113
179.78
n= = 3.57 adet.
50.3
1000
Reinforcement spacing, =sl = 280.11mm → 280 mm. However, according to
3.57
1.5* h f
sl ≤ 
250 mm
Therefore,
= = 210 mm
1.5* h f 1.5*140
sl ≤  → sl =
210 mm .
250 mm
1000
=A ss = *50.3 251.50 mm 2
200
.
1000
=A sl = *50.3 239.52 mm 2
210
46
251.50
=ρs = 0.0021
1000*121
239.52
=ρl = 0.0021
1000*113
ρ=
s + ρl 0.0021 + 0.0021
= 0.0042 > 0.0035 . Since this sum is larger than 0.0035 the result
satisfies code criterion.
6.2. Support Reinforcements
At this support, the design bending moment is determined before as M d = 6.75 kNm. The
effective depth is taken as 81 mm which is the smaller of those calculated before for the
supports of the slabs D101, and D102.
Fs=As*fyd
hf
1000 mm Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*(81- ) = 6.75*106
2
8500a2 - 1377000a + 6.75*106 = 0
a2 – 162a + 794.12 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(794.12) 162 ± 151.88

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 156.94 mm
⇒ a 2 = 5.06 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

0.85*20*1000*5.06
As= =235.67 mm2
365
Available reinforcement at this support: Bent bars from D101: ∅8/360 (139.72 mm2)
47
Bent bars from D102: ∅8/300 (167.67 mm2)

The sum is: 139.72 mm2 + 167.67 mm2 = 307.39 mm2 > Amount of reinforcement
required (235.67 mm2), so there is no need for additional reinforcement.
supports of the slabs D101, and D103.
Fs=As*fyd
hf
1000 mm Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
a
∑M 0 = 0 , M r = 0.85*f cd *b*a*(d- ) = M d
2
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*(101- ) = 5.91*106
2
8500a2 - 1717000a + 5.91*106 = 0
a2 – 202a + 695.29 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 4*1*695.29) 202 ± 194.99

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 198.50 mm
⇒ a 2 = 3.51 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd *b * a
0.85*(20)*1000*(3.51)
As= =163.48 mm2
365
Bent bars from D103: ∅8/420 (119.76 mm2)
The sum is: 139.72 mm2 + 119.76 mm2 = 259.48 mm2 > Amount of reinforcement
required (163.48 mm2), so there is no need for additional reinforcement.
• D102-BD101 Support
48
supports of the slabs D102, and BD101.
Fs=As*fyd
hf
1000 mm Fc=0.85*fcd*b*a
a
∑M 0 = 0, M r = 0.85*f cd* b*a*(d-
2
) = Md
a
0.85*(20)*1000*a*( 81- ) = 6.55*106
2
8500a2 - 1377000a + 6.55*106 = 0
a2 – 162a + 770.59 = 0
− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(770.59) 162 ± 152.19

a 1,2 = = =
2a 2 2
⇒ a 1 = 157.09 mm
⇒ a 2 = 4.91 mm
∑F = 0, Fs - Fc = 0 ⇒ Fs = Fc
A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

0.85*(20)*1000*(4.91)
As= =228.68 mm2
365
The sum is: 167.67 mm2 < Amount of reinforcement required (228.68 mm2), so that
additional reinforcement should be placed at this support.
Amount of additional reinforcement = 228.68 mm2 – 167.67 mm2 = 61.01 mm2

61.01
The number of additional reinforcement: n= = 1.21.
50.3
1000
=
Reinforcement spacing, s = 826.45 mm → 820 mm.
1.21
Result: Available bent bars + ∅8/820 additional reinforcement
In this slab, it is not necessary to place reinforcement in the longer direction. However, in
order to prevent the effects of creep and shrinkage, it is better to place adequate amount of
49
reinforcement in this direction. The suggested amount of reinforcement in the longer direction
is ∅8 bars with 300 mm spacing.
The result: ∅8/300 straight bars
The amount of reinforcement for the discontinuous edges is not calculated, because the design
bending moments at these supports are obtained by using half of the span moment coefficients
in the same direction. Therefore, the amount of bent bars will be adequate at these
discontinuous supports. If no bent bars are used, the reinforcement required at these supports
should be determined. The reinforcement plan drawn by using these calculated reinforcement
of this slab system is given below.
25
Ф8/300
Ф8/300
D101 D102
BD101
Ф8/360 Ф8/300
Ф8/360
Ф8/300
Ф8/360
Ф8/360
425
Ф8/300
Ф8/820
25
D103 DD104
Ф8/420
Ф8/420
Ф8/400
425
Ф8/400
Ф8/400
Ф8/420
Ф8/420
Ф8/400
25
25 325 25 325 25 107.5
7. Design of this Slab System for Shear
V d ≤ V r . (V d : Design shear force, V r : Shear strength)
50
Vr = Vc + Vw
Contribution of shear reinforcement to shear strength

Contribution of concrete to shear strength ( = 0.8*V cr , V cr : Cracking
shear strength of the slab)
If V d ≤ V cr , there is no need to calculate the shear reinforcement.
• Slab D101
V cr = 0.65*f ctd *b*d = 0.65*1.27*1000*101 = 83375.5 N = 83.38 kN
l
m = l =1.29, so that load distribution coefficient depended on the edge conditions can be
ls
determined as 0.733 ( χ = 0.733).
V d = χ * p d *(0.5*l sn ) = 0.733*9.75*(0.5*3.25) =11.61 kN/m (per unit width)
Since V d < V cr , there is no need for shear reinforcement.
• Slab D102
V cr = 0.65*f ctd *b*d = 0.65*1.27*1000*81 = 66865,5 N = 66,87 kN
l
ls
determined as 0.928 ( χ = 0.928).
• Slab D103
V cr = 0.65*f ctd *b*d = 0.65*1.27*1000*121 = 99885.5 N = 99.89 kN

l
ls
determined as 0.522 ( χ = 0.522).
• Slab D104
V cr = 0.65*f ctd *b*d = 0.65*1.27*1000*121 = 99885.5 N = 99.89 kN

l
ls
determined as 0.733 ( χ = 0.733).
51
• Slab BD101
V cr = 0.65*f ctd *b*d = 0.65*1.27*1000*101 = 83375.5 N = 83.38 kN

V d = p d *l sn = 9.75*1.075 =10.48 kN/m (per unit width)
52

Example 2.1. Design of A Slab System Including Five Slabs

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Example 2.1. Design of A Slab System Including Five Slabs

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REINFORCED CONCRETE-II LECTURE’S NOTES Prof. Dr.

Example 2.1. Design of a Slab System Including Five Slabs

The other data for this slab system is given below.

Coating (3 cm quarry mosaic) : 22 kN/m3

lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm

lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm

Therefore, the slab thickness is chosen as 100 mm ( h f = 100 mm ).

lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm

Therefore, the slab thickness is chosen as 140 mm ( h f = 140 mm ).

lsn = 350-12.5-12.5 = 325 cm

3. Slab Loads (g, q, p d )

- Dead loads (g):

- Dead loads (g):

- Dead loads (g):

- Dead loads (g):

- Dead loads (g):

4. Design Span and Support Bending Moments of the Slabs

Slab Edge ll α Moment Coefficients

— In the direction of the x axis:

— In the direction of the y axis:

— In the direction of the x axis:

— In the direction of the y axis:

— In the direction of the x axis:

— In the direction of the y axis:

— In the direction of the x axis:

— In the direction of the y axis:

Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α *p d *l sn 2 = 0.025*13.81*3.252

5. Design Support Bending Moment that will be used in the Calculation of

DM= M dD103 − M dD101= 6.40 − 5.05= 1.35

M dD102 =6.55 kNm.

6. Calculation of Amount of Reinforcement

— Calculation of the Effective Depths (d) of Slabs

Span, in the shorter direction d = h f - c c -∅/2 = 100 – 15 – 8/2= 81 mm

6.1. Span Reinforcements

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 4*1*(605.88) 202 ± 195,91

— In the y axis direction

8500a2 - 1581000a + 3.81*106 = 0

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 186 ± (186) 2 − 4*1*(448.24) 186 ± 181.12

— In the x axis direction

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(574.12) 162 ± 154.75

— In the y axis direction

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 146 ± (146) 2 − 4*1*(495.29) 146 ± 139.05

— In the x axis direction

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 4*1*(747.06) 242 ± 235.75

— In the y axis direction

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 4*1*(571.76) 226 ± 220.88

— In the x axis direction

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 4*1*(1141.18) 242 ± 232.38

A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

— In the y axis direction

8500a2 - 1921000a + 7.29*106 = 0

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 4*1*(857.65) 226 ± 218.28

A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

6.2. Support Reinforcements

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(794.12) 162 ± 151.88

A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

Bent bars from D102: ∅8/300 (167.67 mm2)

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 4*1*695.29) 202 ± 194.99

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 4*1*(770.59) 162 ± 152.19

A s *f yd = 0.85*f cd* b*a

Amount of additional reinforcement = 228.68 mm2 – 167.67 mm2 = 61.01 mm2

25 325 25 325 25 107.5

7. Design of this Slab System for Shear

Design support bending moment at discontinuous edge: M d = α p d l sn 2 = 0.02513.813.252

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 41(605.88) 202 ± 195,91

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 186 ± (186) 2 − 41(448.24) 186 ± 181.12

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 41(574.12) 162 ± 154.75

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 146 ± (146) 2 − 41(495.29) 146 ± 139.05

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 41(747.06) 242 ± 235.75

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 41(571.76) 226 ± 220.88

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 242 ± (242) 2 − 41(1141.18) 242 ± 232.38

A s f yd = 0.85f cd* b*a

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 226 ± (226) 2 − 41(857.65) 226 ± 218.28

A s f yd = 0.85f cd* b*a

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 41(794.12) 162 ± 151.88

A s f yd = 0.85f cd* b*a

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 202 ± (202) 2 − 41695.29) 202 ± 194.99

− b ± b 2 − 4.a.c 162 ± (162) 2 − 41(770.59) 162 ± 152.19

A s f yd = 0.85f cd* b*a

V d = χ * p d (0.5l sn ) = 0.9289.05(0.5*3.25) =13.65 kN/m (per unit width)

V cr = 0.65f ctd bd = 0.651.271000121 = 99885.5 N = 99.89 kN

V d = χ * p d (0.5l sn ) = 0.52210.45(0.5*3.25) =8.86 kN/m (per unit width)

V cr = 0.65f ctd bd = 0.651.271000121 = 99885.5 N = 99.89 kN

V d = χ * p d (0.5l sn ) = 0.73313.81(0.5*3.25) =16.45 kN/m (per unit width)

V cr = 0.65f ctd bd = 0.651.271000101 = 83375.5 N = 83.38 kN