PRACTICUMIN AGRICULTURE COMPILATION

CESAR JADE T. IGNACIO

TERMINAL REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AGICULTURE

DEPARTMENT, DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLAGE MARAGUSAN
BRANCH, MARAGUSAN, DAVAO DE ORO PROVINCE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
PRACTICUM
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY

MAY 2022
 PRACTICUM IN AGRICUTURE COMPILATION

CESAR JADE T. IGNACIO

TERMINAL REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AGICULTURE

DEPARTMENT, DAVAO DE ORO STATE COLLAGE MARAGUSAN
BRANCH, MARAGUSAN, DAVAO DE ORO PROVINCE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
PRACTICUM
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY

MAY 2022
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The student was born on the 27 th day of August on the year 1999, at Maragusan, Davao

De Oro. He currently lives at Purok Chrysanthemum, Brgy New Katipunan Maragusan,

Davao De Oro. He is the second child of the three children of Mr.Cesario G. Ignacio and

Mrs. Lorna T. Ignacio

In March 2012, he graduated from Brgy. New Katipunan elementary school, and in

2018, he graduated from Maragusan National High School bot Junior and Senior High

School.

Due to his ambition in life, he enrolled in Davao De Oro State College (DD0SC)

Maragusan Branch, he took up Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (BAT) from 2019 at

present for his goal to become an agriculturist in the near future.

For the time being, he is focused on the challenges of being a student while also being a

good son his parents. He intends to complete his studies in order to escape poverty and to

have a bright future ahead of him.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like acknowledge and give my warmest thanks to my supervisor Ms. Rochelly Jane

C. Razonabe who made this work possible. Her guidance and advice carried me through all

the stages of writing of my narrative report. I would like to thank my classmates for a new

memorable experience and for the support throughout this journey.

I would also like to give thanks to my family as a whole for their continuous support

and understanding when undertaking my narrative report. Your prayer for me was what

sustained me this so far.

Finally, I would like to thank GOD, for letting me through all the difficulties. I have

experienced your guidance day by day. You are the one who let me finish my degree. I will

keep on trusting you for my future.

CESAR JADE T. IGNACIO

Student
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

PAGE

TITLE PAGE

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IV

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

VI-XI

INTRODUCTION
 LIST OF ACTIVITY CONDUCTED

Plantation Crop Production

Ornamental Production

Swine Production

Poultry and Swine Production

Organic Concoction and Extract

Forage Production

Organic Fertilizer

Organic Vegetable Production

Operation of Farm Machineries and Equipment

LEARNING EXPERIENCE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Agricultural production is the use of cultivated plants or animals to produce products for

sustaining or enhancing human life. People use a vast array of agricultural products every

day these range from the clothes we wear to the paper we write on. We decorate with

flowers often produced by agriculture and run our cars in part on ethanol produced by

agriculture.
Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising livestock.

It includes the preparation of plant and animal products for people to use and their

distribution to markets. Agriculture provides most of the world's food and fabrics. Cotton,

wool, and leather are all agricultural products. Agriculture also provides wood for

construction and paper products. These products, as well as the agricultural methods

used, may vary from one part of the world to another.

A farming method is a systematic way to accomplish a specific farming objective by

integrating a number of practices. A discrete method is needed for each essential farming

task, such as preparing a seedbed and planting a crop, sustaining soil fertility, managing

irrigation, collecting and disposing of manure, controlling pests, and preventing animal

diseases. A farming system is the overall approach used in crop or livestock production,

often derived from a farmer's goals, values, knowledge, available technologies, and

economic opportunities. A farming system influences, and is in turn defined by, the choice

of methods and practices used to produce a crop or care for animals.

Organic agricultural production Using nature as a model for the agricultural system-

recycling nutrients, encouraging natural predators to manage pests, increasing plant

densities to block weeds - organic farmers don't merely substitute non-toxic materials for

pesticides and fertilizers, but rather consider the farm as an integrated entity, with all

parts interconnected. When livestock and poultry are incorporated into organic systems,

the potential for diversification and integration is even greater: Livestock feed on grasses

and mixed forages, both of which help improve soil structure. At the same time, livestock

provide manure to fertilize soil, and can be used to "cull" any non-harvestable crops.

Nature farming uses only organic matter to enhance the vitality of the soil and enrich its

inherent power. Since nature farming does not rely on commercial fertilizers, it was

initially called fertilizer-free cultivation. However, the name was later changed to nature

farming to make clear that this approach is based on a comprehensive theory of

agriculture and an underlying philosophy that views the life-sustaining powers of the soil

as integral to the workings of the universe. Both nature farming and organic farming do

without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, organic farming allows use of

all sorts of organic inputs, while nature farming emphasizes the use of processed organic

matter alone to enhance soil vitality.

The aim of the agriculture is to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. To increase

Agricultural production and income of farmers / farm labors. To promote sustainable use

of Natural Resources such as Land and Water. To promote Soil Health Management and

Integrated Nutrient Management.

Plantation crops are those which are used or whose product is used only after processing.

These are the crops which are cultivated on an extensive scale in a large continuous area,

commercially by an individual or any company and the produce must be cured before they

are used. Plantation crops have high value commercially. They have greater economic

importance, and they play vital role in improving the economy of the country.

Plantation Crop Production is very important course design to introduce the classification,

importance, characteristics, cropping system, soil management, harvesting techniques,

and the processing of plantation crops to all students and as well as farmers. Plantation

crops are grown on plantations. Plantations are large farms where crops are grown for

profit. There are many different types of plantation crops. Some of the most common

plantation crops are sugarcane, cacao, cotton, and tobacco.

Nursery is a place where planting material, such as seedlings, saplings, cuttings, etc., are

raised, propagated and multiplied under favourable conditions for transplanting in

prepared beds. The availability of quality and true-to-type planting material is the

prerequisite of successful and remunerative ornamental crop production. Setting up of a

nursery is a long-term venture, and requires planning and expertise. In a nursery, plants
are nurtured by providing them with optimum growing conditions to ensure germination.

Nursery saves considerable time for the raising of the next crop.

Potting means pot culture for cultivation of plants in pot. High and deep pots are required

for potting of plants. A hole is very essential at the bottom of pot for convenient of water

removed. Rainy season is very suitable for pot plantation. It also can be done any time of

the year. Potting soil, also known as potting mix or miracle soil, is a medium in which to

grow plants, herbs and vegetables in a pot or other durable container.

Repotting has two purposes: It gives a growing plant's roots more room. As your plant gets

older and bigger its roots expand so it can suck up enough water and nutrients to feed

itself. If its pot is too small, the roots can't absorb what they need and your plant will

suffer.

The importance of soil sterilization is to create ideal conditions necessary for plant growth

and development in the soil. The death of these microorganisms due to sterilization helps

to free certain nutrient to the plant such as nitrate which increases plant growth.

Broilers are chickens that are bred and reared exclusively for their meat. Any broiler

farmer's goal is to raise a day-old chick into a market-ready chicken in the shortest length

of time possible. During this time, the birds are likely to face a variety of problems that will

stifle their growth and reduce their productivity. This is why broiler production methods

necessitate high levels of reactivity and information availability from management. To be

a successful broiler farmer at any level, you must master the day-to-day management

tasks that the broiler requires. The most significant management task would be the FEED.

The feeds make up to 65-70% off the total cost of production, therefor we cannot over

emphasize the importance of a good quality, well balanced formulated feed for the best

possible production results. This is why we need a feed master to use only the good

quality raw materials, formulated by qualified nutritionists to supply the poultry farmer

with a quality solution in feeds.

Poultry production is important and crucial in the Philippine economy because it supplies

portion of the domestic protein requirement, contributes to export earnings, and provides

a source of employment. Chicken broiler and egg production are the most progressive

animal enterprises in the Philippines today. The poultry industry in fact began as a

backyard enterprise but has shifted to the formation of very large integrated contract

farming operations.

Swine have been playing a vital role in our food chain for hundreds of years, however, for

managers of modern piggery farming enterprises there comes a unique set of challenges.

There are a wide variety of ways to raise pigs, from free-roaming hogs farms to intensive

commercial pig industry units. Whatever method you choose, the aim should be to do it in

a safe, humane, environmentally sustainable, and profitable way.

Swine production facilities should be observed daily. Daily observation allows for prompt

recognition and delivery of necessary care, as well as detects any facility or management

issue present. A daily walk through can also monitor effectiveness of health protocols,

current plane of nutrition, and overall animal care. Making sure all feed and water delivery

systems are functioning will ensure the utmost care of the hogs.

The use of various concoctions is the heart of natural farming techniques .One of this, is

the INDIGENEOUS MICROORGANISM or (IMO). Indigenous Microorganisms area group of

innate microbial consortium that inhabits the soil and the surface of all living things inside

and outside which have the potentiality in biodegradation, leaching, and composting. The

importance of Indigeneous Microorganisms or (IMO) is a source of microorganism that is

good for soil conditioner ,it restores plant vitality ,reduces plant stress on seedlings,

collects nitrogen from the atmosphere ,thus promotes faster plant growth ,control pests

and diseases ,serves as foliar fertilizer spray to cut flowers and ornamentals ,reduces

growth of weeds and grasses seeds. It speedup composting works like “vaccinating”

against sickness, illness and weeds, these are present in the soil but have deterioration
due to many factors. Indigeneous Microorganisms (IMO) also employed in agriculture as

agents of nitrogen fixation, and as a means to suppress insects and plant diseases.

Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock.

Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as

pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include

similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage. Grasses

form the foundation of forage-livestock systems around the world because they can be

consumed and converted by animals into useful products. Consumption assumes the grass

is harvested directly through grazing, or by machine for green chop, silage, or hay.

Knowing when and how to harvest for optimal forage quantity and quality while

safeguarding the persistence of stands requires an understanding of grass growth and

regrowth mechanisms. Voisin (1959) aptly stated that "A pasture plant must be capable of

growing again after it has been cut either by the tooth of an animal or by the blade of a

mower." Grass has the capacity of re growing because it has a growing point that remains

low and mechanisms for tillering - production of new shoots (daughter plants). This

teaching aid presents the basic concepts of grass growth and regrowth along with

management implications for forage-livestock enterprises. The goal is to increase the

understanding of regrowth mechanisms of grasses and thereby improve the management

and profitability of croplands, pasturelands, and rangelands.

Organic fertilizers are naturally available mineral sources that contain moderate amount

of plant essential nutrients. They are capable of mitigating problems associated with

synthetic fertilizers. They reduce the necessity of repeated application of synthetic

fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. They gradually release nutrients into the soil solution

and maintain nutrient balance for healthy growth of crop plants. They also act as an

effective energy source of soil microbes which in turn improve soil structure and crop

growth. Organic fertilizers are generally thought to be slow releasing fertilizers and they
contain many trace elements. They are safer alternatives to chemical fertilizers. However,

the improper use of organic fertilizers leads to overfertilization or nutrient deficiency in

the soil. Hence, controlled release of organic fertilizers is an effective and advanced way to

overcome these impacts and maintain sustainable agriculture yield.

Vermi Composting is the process bof producing organic fertilizer through the action of the

worms, the African Night Crawler Earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae). These worm breaks

down from waste, aged animal worms converting this into the product called "Vermicast".

These wastes come from the yards form or even in the households, that includes leaves,

grass cuttings, vegetables trimming all that are biodegradable and suitable good for

worms.