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Sensory system devE,'opment and aPPlication:;
in movement for infants and children

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.0l"N10i nJWO JI!J n'lIOlO-lIllOi OI'~lllJl'/IIOl nN 01jJO 'JNII'I JUln ,JI!JOJ .nnN
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o'nllDOl O'lJ' JII n'nYlln-n'l!Iln OI'~1ll)l'IU O"ljJ'J JI!I mJJI!IOIOl lOll!)' :I jJJn:l
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,'.·: nYl JI!JOJ ,(mll/I!J'OI) OIJ'on nllun IN n'm10l I' nO'\'ID 7I!J mlU11 l'lDOlJ .6
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t ":lID'OJ. D1J.11!Jn DljJ'Jn Oil j)l~'':H))lNl
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JIJOO IN 11110llD l n Y:llN JY l:1YO Ill) 'lUOl JY OlO'JI!J7 nll1DOOl nl'lJ'YD .1
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.[ JI!J nl7'YDJ Olmn N'OI lOljJO JY IOlOl JY Ol:l'JI!J) O'OI!JI!) D'l"I!J nlJJDOl nI'IJ'YD .01
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Phylogenetic) m'ullI~'!l m'llDl'O '1ilU I!JIN:l ,J';) J!lN mnn!lno nlJl1llNl;) O'11ll:l
NJJ ,0"11'1 nJY:l ;):l':lO:l (;),'OY IN ;)J'nT 10) nI'Y:lU ,nnJIO nl'llOl'O I;) ;)IN .(skills ann,nn~n:t an,i""
(DCD) :t'~3""t<'i'l
'"TY~ ,1IJ" ,;)!I'9jJ ,;)!I'llO) nn"n nl)l1);) "TIO';) m'llOl'D .mn)D ;)1'111;) IN ;))1,;) J)

DllJUllj ']1) p::t illl"TilJ. nmnsmo (ilO'Y:llln1') ,ilO'9D ,ilp11T) llTJi) nl'llDl'Dl (il~)lll

o"nOD 10 J'l ,Y ,;)1IIYDJ .mnn9n;);) :l!ljJ:l 0'1'0;) I':l nD'IOD filJl1ll lin ,O'W l111YJ
m'Jv:l nJ.nnn ill 'n~l1ln IN.l01£)1J. nlDPn il0 1 ':J\'J .il':JN npUD1'D ':Jill 'flD'Nil Yl!:lllil
m'IID1'D ,lnDlYJ .0"nYlln-0"nO'9n 0'11111') J1II Onmn9n;)J nDlln;) ,n'1'1111-n':l!lY
nJ1II)11 (J0110) jJn1llD:l 110) JI!I ;)0'9n IN ;)jJ'l! 10) (Ontogenetic) m'UJ1IUIIN
I!II)1JI mJ'Y':l 'jJ9nJI ,IOJJ nJI)';) .(Sherrill, 1998) mlJ)O ;),'DJI ;)1'111;) mY!lDN:l
.nl'nl!llnm nl'nO'9n ,m'll1JlO mJI)'D nY91!11O ,m1ll)111 nnJIO - m'll1JlO nl'llOl'D
jJ'9;)JI '1lOlO y,'D') mYDI!ID ']l!1JI :lJI!IJ ,]llNJ ,1':lY;)J ,mJjJJ C"TNJ n11!1!lNII IT nJI)'
.(Berk, 1997) nlJlI!I m:l':lO:l ,IOJJI IIIlJ '0) IJ m~m1;) nID'NnD m:llln
- Developmental Coordination Disorder) n':l'lJ1',lINljJ mnn!Jn;):l onljJ'J OY O"J'
-n':l!lY" n)WII" JI!I o'Yn' onllJIn!l 0':l~1I11 O'J:l1O OJ'NI!I O',J') O'l,lID (DCD
'lIJIlI1);) OJ'lJ ONn":l nl':l'lJlllll m'l!J1l nl'llOl'lI JI!I YI!I':l:l 0'J1II)1 IN ,n'l'll!l
- nI'O'O:l m'lllJlO m'llOl'lI JI!I "1!1')1:l ;)'IJn nl'lIl'-D1' nI'IJ'Y!J:l "lJ'JI!I" .(Wall. 1982)
nl,IYD .IIYI iltJ l Y.l ,ilD'Dfl ,ilj711T ,il!:i IDjJ ,il!:ill ,illlfl) ,iljJflYil ,ll'!:i It)) ,fllDll flnl"fY
,';"1 .mY:l!lN;) 111) O'llJjJ 0'1'11!1 nUWD" mYlln nJJD ;)l',y "jJ'lllJ1II:l ")1U"

19Uil-n'J.) D'·nD'':Jil fl'])nJ. 11jJ'Y J.l)lD illlilD nlOl nJ11101D nPllDPD ':J\'J il'V'Jl ' ")11);) mJ'Y!l ,nN! nlllYJ ."-l'Y n"~l"llNljJ JI!I D'lJlOJN nuwII JJ) 11,:l1 ."111'1"1
Bruininks) onJll;)I]]" .on!ln)" '1'11!1 111) mJnl 0'1'11!1 m!lnjJ nJJD ;)01 "jJ'11lJ1II:l
10) nl'llDI'D .(Rimmer & Kelly, 1989) O',J' JI!I nJJI);) mnn9n;):l 'JllUl'N
.(& Bruininks. 19'77
nI'IJ'II!J1 0':l)110 O'jJnl!lD JI!I ;),'DJJ n'nl!ln mjJ90D lIJ'"T1 "U'Y:l ,;)0'9n .'''J'''H
I;) IIJI!I') nnnJ O'JIJY O"J' ;)IN mllljJlO m'llOl'D JI!I "1!I')1 NJJ .nllw nl',""""",

t,
.0"nun;)1 0"111J1O;) O;)"l!IjJ nN ,]'lnn ']1'1 IT mYlO';)1 ,0'jJnl!lll" l~n:lI;)1 1!liO",·n>:l:l'
JI!I m'lJ1919;) PI!I ,;))101 n'nun mnmm"JI 1101 '1I!111 'IO"J J':lI;)J JIJY ;)! "~I"r'",
Gallahue, & Ozmun, 2002;) 0'jJn1ll1l:lIUl190:l 0;)'11111'):1 m:ll1jJ o'nYJ ;)11111jJ
.(Henderson & Henderson,

nl"l1lJJII;) nl'llOl'lI;) nN I!ID1J 0'1IIjJnlll!l O"J' NI!lIIJ In'l '"TIO';) 190;)-n':l:l1

fll':Jl:n ill~11111NljJJ. Q HIP')1 01111010-0nnO'Ofl CH)jJ''} .Dill) nH:)l~Dil
Fawcett &) ;),'IIJ "ljJJ O',J' J!lN o'n')1!1 O"nll;)m;)1 onllJI)'09 0'D1lJ911'0)
(
OYI 1D'1:l1 :ll!ljJ:l O"ljJ'J OY O'lJ'1 (Nicolson, 1995; Hallahan & Kauffman.
n':lmll mN~lIn;) IJJ) IJJ;) O"ljJ'J;) .(Kadesjoe & Gillberg. 1999) nl':l't';J~n!J";f':
O"ljJ'JI ;)Ylln:l mlll!lllll IN nnD ,,]ll '10', JI!I mJ1II:l 10m ,;)J, n'l!l1l mY"TI!)
D1D')OD ill 10'] 111jJ1J DY ell'}1 ljJT1'V DIDO)) D'ljJln .':JjJ\'JO l11'\!IJ.l """'-", "'"" .)

O"l!IjJ ,nl1jJUD nl'lllJlO mYlln:l O"l!IjJ .111'1'1 nl'Y:l mJJD nl'lllJlO;) n",n,'",,",,'
n'n'Hl ;)'!l1'"T1INljJ:l1 ;)1'"TY "'!l1"11NljJ:l :lD'YI nI'JNI1'I-m'lllJlO mYlln JI!I ",,~,',,;
Bruininks & Bruininks, 1977; Haubenstricker.) (0",'" 'n1ll JI!I mJ'Y!l
IJ'II jJ'nD:l YnjJJ O'OlO 11!1N) "!lUjJ) ",'OJ "ljJ'J:l jJIOYJ "TINII "l!IjJ .nN! OY,
Henderson & Henderson,) OJ'l 'J) O"J' Jill (1I!/1I)1);] Jill) ']N O'nIlJI) 1I!/1I)1)J
.(2002; Watkinson et aI., 2001
O']l~ Yl~jJn l~}N 1') D'lnYlDil,D'll DUll')) D1"'fJl J\lj 11 il~1J.j7 iln:lT n'ljJnoil nn90J.
Henderson & Henderson, 2002;) OJIII) nlJ11li nI!/lN)1 nlJIIII;] nl'llN'nJ ONn;])
:(Missiuna & Polatajko, 1995
(Minimal brain dysfunction) "'lilT!) 'n1l) j1TJ 'JII)" •
(Clumsiness) ";]lIlm) nrT) 'JII)" •
;],Jj1) lV'II) (Physical awkwardness) "n'J!)1l nlI)1II1]1) 'Jill" •.
(Developmental dyspraxia) "n'nlnn!)n;] ;]'0j11!)N 'JII)" •
,JJ'I-I']:1 lj1'Y) ,(Developmental dyspraxia) "n'nlnn!)n;] ;]'0j11!)O', 'JII)" •
i'l'lO'll.ll
Dysfunction of attention,) ";]o'!)n) IN n'l1lJ1I) ;]1j1)) ,)IIIj1) 'Ij1J ,1j1!)n 'JII)" •
(motor control and perception
,(Disorder of attention and motor performance) "'l1lJ1I) YI!/'))I )1IIj1) nlj1J 'JII)" •
;]',III11)lj1'II)
Ayres, 1972;) (Sensory integrative dysfunction) "n'llOJO ;]'!/lllJJ'N) O"Ij1'J 'JII)" •
(Fisher, Murray, & Bundy, 1991
(Perceptual-motor impairment) "C"11lJ1I)-C"nO'!)n C"Ij1'J 'JII)" •
,(Henderson & Sugden, 1991; 2003 ,l"lJJ'j1I) (Dyspraxic) "C'0j11!)O" C',J'" •
i\'JO'N:l ljJ'Yl
Henderson,) (Motor coordination problems) "n'lllJ1I) ;]'!/J',llNlj1) nI'lI) 'JII)" •
(Rose, & Henderson, 1992
lj1'Y) ,(Minimal neurological dysfunction) "'JI)'J'I) 'llJIl'U ,1j1!)n 10m 'JII)" •
. ;]'J100lN)
World Health) 'OJI)I;] nlN'l);) IIllN Jill llI'O;) nN l~O'N lrTlI'n mN'l);) 'nn'\!}
Jill n'!)'~!)o n'mnn!)n;] mj1J 'JYD IJN O"J' ;]DI);] ,(Organization - WHO
Specific of Motor Function; World Health Organization,) n'lllJ1I);] ;)'~j1])!);]
llN'nJ O'W;] 11111)) 11111)'111) ;]';]111 111]1);] nU'I);] .(Developmental Disorder, 1992
............ nnn.." T\1·U',....." nu nnn)Jul n11n-\1>,,,n:-. n"n\l:-' nno nN' o:-JlI.n nl..,,'"l1nn
Wall, Reid, &) 11) n')'O'llIj1 ;]J'n)1) 1'111» J)lIOO ,J' 0'1',]1) O'lj1m;] nr}lIJ
NJN ,1I~1I)1)J nnnl) ;]'!/ll'JlJJ'N CY C',J' ;]1 nJ1I)) C'JJIJ DJ'N C'lnN .(Paton, 1990
.(Gubbay, 1975; Henderson & Hall, 1982) n'JlllN ;]Y'l!) Jill ;]lll) nrTII nl)"j1 p ON
01111 l'N IJN O',J' J~NIII 0)011) ,'nllUn;] JnlO;] J\!} '1;]'1) ;]lll) ;]I)O;]],NIII '!)-JY.'lN
.(Maeland, 1992; Wall, 1982) n'Dll);] O')~Y;] n)lIIl))'Ij1'JJ ;]lll) ;]'N1
C'l)Om DJ'N n')'lJJ'"TlINIj1 mnn!)n;]) C"Ij1'J ') 0;] ']N C'J"~I) (2000) Pless & CarlsHon
.n1l0N')'OD nljJJ IN n')l':Jn'll iU1l1NYT ,1JYJ il'~)l'':JlJ)INil ",'i\ J111""P-'Jy
n'mnn!)n;] ;]111!);] 'JII)") C"11lJ1I) C"lj1'J CY C"J' C'l,l1l) n'lj1nl);] nll!)O)
Specific Developmental Disorder of Motor Function -) "'lIlJ1I);] ,1j1!)n;] Jill n,nl'l)
Developmental Coordination) "n')'lJJ'"TlINIj1 nlnn!)n;]) O"Ij1'J 'JY)" PI (SDD-MF
International) ICD-l0 ','-JII Im'J IJN C',J' Jill nUn)N;] .(Disorder - DCD
- n'ulIJ D111n) (Classification of Diseases, World Health Organization
DSM-IV-;] ','-JII pI (2000 ,'I)JIY;] nlN'l);] llllN '!)J 'lON')'O!);] lm)N;]1 llI'O;]
DiagnostiC and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder; American Psychiatric)
.(Association - APA, 1994; Pless & Carlsson, 2000
c"nmn!)n;] C"Ij1'J CY C',J' Jill lm)NJ O'Jl'lO'lj1 ;]1I)lN O'I)"v DSM-IV-;] '!)-JY
- :(DCD) ;]'~]'"TlINIj1)
111)] NI;] n'lllJ1I) ;]'~]',llNlj1 nllIIlrT;] nl'l)l'-D1' nI'IJ'Y!») O',J';] Jill 1I1!/');] .N
C',J'\!} 1),;] nlYl)lIIO .C;]JIII J)\!}I);] nl)ll)) 'lIJUIl);] OJ']I) ;]!)I~I);]I) l)'J l!>lN)
C'l'~1)) (;])'J;] ,;])'111' ,;]J'm 11)) nI'nllun 110 ']:1N Jill ;]III')U )IJ'1I C'l'!/O IJN
c'm)l)) ,J';] Jill 11'~;],'1II1I1) l!>lN).;])'n»)IN 01)!)0) ,Il' YI~')I n'lllJ1I) nll)lIIlm
nl)lUJ nnnl) lj1n nl'oo 'n\!}1) lnl' NI;] C"11lJ1I) O'YI~') o'j1,n;] O"Ol,JOO
(Movement Assessment Battery for Children) MABC lmO ,IT ;]lOI)J .J'l;]
.n'lj1nl);]. nll!)O) 1m') olJl!/l);]ln)l) CI') 1111)1110 (Henderson & Sugden, 1992)
.nI'I)I'-D1' nI'IJ'Y!)J IN C",1I)'J C'llll';]J 'nlY1)1II1) l!>lN) Y'l!)1) '1j1'J;] .)
U'NI (C'l'llll III'] ,;]'lJ!)'I);] ,l'nlO j1In'1II 11)) C"N)!)l C'NmJ onl'o U'N '1j1'J;] .l
Pervasive) (CT'lJIN JJIJ) ,]j1';] nnm nl'nmn!)n;] nlYl!);] J\!} ;]!/I)j1J l"nllll)
.(Developmental Disorder - PDD
C'ONIn ;)'!/ll'JlJJ'N In)O) C'l\!}';];] .n')'OOlU N';] IJN C',J' Jill J)IIII);] n]l) .,
n1"1""

~nlY~ nJll D~YnD ~lJ'J:lOl .~lJl0~ 0l1'1!I' 0lJ.'0 nl'01~ 'll!lYI!I ,nN lJJD~N 1'1'11 ,n'lDD
Miller et; 2005 ,J.11Y-',I') J.I!IP "lP'~l Ol"D~ "lP'~ 011 J.l~'I!IJ. IN~Dl D"llOlD O"lP'~1!I
.(al., 2001; Missuna & Polatajko, 1995;
DeD "\9 D'l11DND
,30%-~ 10 1'J. OlYl OlI'D~ "lP'~ ~I!I mn')I!IOl 'WJ. ,10%-~ 51'J. 01111 DCD ~I!I mn')I!IOl
I'J. OlYl OlYllnJ. mDl!IllD ~I!I mn')I!IOl ') mn D'lnN D'ljJnDJ. .0'1J.~ jJOlJ.lD J.n DnPI!I)
jJlJ.l!llpnoJ. .(Wall, Reid, & Paton, 1990) D'll!l 11 IY 5 0'~'lJ. O,,~, J.ljJJ. 22%-~ 5
DCD N~D O'll!l 10-19 ,8 0'~'lJ. J.11!I onIN jJIJ.llTn po lnN~l O'll!l 7 ~'lJ. O,,~, 818
7: 1- ~ 4: 1 ]'J. III mlJ.~ D'lJ. 1'J. on'Ol .8.6% J.lpJ. 1lnD DCD-l O'l~'OlD 4.9% J.ljJJ. llDn
.(Kadesjoe & Gillberg, 1999)
nn9DJ. J.0'0l D',lIlnD DCD 11'1 '~J.llOD' n'nnOl nN D'Nl!IllOl O'l~' ~I!I O'J.nDOl onl!ljJOI
nN1 OYI ,0l'~1'111NlpJ. Dnl!lP N10ll~N o,,~,~ 'lmI!lDOll!llm~ 1n'1 ,~~) 191NJ. .n'l'~pOl
"T1Yl ,OYD:> n1")lOlD fllJl}l9 J:>J. Dll~j7 \!I' Dill) p"n" .n'lllDli) il~1:ljJ D'l1ilD Dl'N Oil
OlP'llOlDJ. nDn)Ol nl'J.'O~19'lD nl'llDl'DJ. lD) nI'9'~90 nl'llOlD m'lIJ. I!I' D'lnN~
.1D! 111N~ m'llOlDOl m'IIJ.Ol ~1!I1mnn9nOlJ. nllll!l nDnp p lD) .011"11
npllDPDJ. )D10 Jill D'1D'~90 nnlllJ101 n"11010 D')l1DN.D lil'T D'1jJln DPil 'l}i
lln'll 0l~'9p ,nnN ~11 ~y Ol,'DlIlD) m~ODJ. nl'lIJ. .011,,111 0101 OlP'llOlD ~I!I m'o'oJ.
1~TDJ.11')DJ. I!IlD'l!IJ.l D'lln9) nO')lJ. ,1n) nO'9nJ. O"I!IP lD) nn'ln OlmNJ. O'l)nO
'lP'~ 11'1 ,n' ~PI!ID '11'1!Il Ol)lDl n'unOl'p n~D' 1'1101 'lOll 1n9ND .(Henderson, 1992)
'n') J\lj 'lil'TJ. '\!IljJ ,n"l'10n i)'Jil n'l~ 10) ilJ.'~lJ. nl'YJ. .'].'09011")9119 V-PO "'Tll'Y].
N~ nl'l~n)nOlJ. nDn)Ol mYlln 01 .001 '11'1 O'l)TlD I!Iln 'nlilln 'l~1 n"D~J. '1!I1Pl1)lD
nD mo'nJ. 'l!Ilpl 1lDTnJ. '1!I1P P lD) .1~N O,,~, ~~N mOllTD 1'l1!l0l ~I!I nn~jJ m'll~l
.(Willoughby & Polatajko, 1995) 0l'11~ln9J. 1n) ll'NI!I '11 '11~n'1l1D'0') o'om'DOl
1,llDOl 1~'01 ~I!I I'nI'YJ. nN 'lPI!ID lln'll 0l~'9p ,0l~'1 lD) 'llOlD Yl~'J. nliJ. 11~1!I')01
'nlJ.n ,n'J. ,n'1'9 nn'l!I) 111101 ,n'1911 m~'Y9J. n19nnI!l0l1'1I0l10lI'mN~lm ,DCD-)
,1~N O"llOlD O"I!IP .(Hoare & Larkin, 1991; Hoare, 1994) Ol)lDl n'D~1I 0l)1lI0l1
1900l-n'J.J. l~N O'l~' ~I!I OOl'll!l'OlD IIn1~ '11'1 0'~1~11 ,0"nlJ.m onl!lll O"I!IPJ. o'n~DOl
I\Mrinht .It ~llnrl,::.n 1 qq~\
----------------------------- ;lIIl1n:1 O'l!Il!JDI O'WIn
,jJ10'YJ. [)'NInO ,[)'NDll ,D'11D :1T j)llOlJ)lN ny fl'J1)'n1 n'J1D'1.) illlJ.Y). [)'jJOlYil nNl
o'mlD OlYJ.1N nn90J. o'mn 01') .,1111 llJ',J. 0'N91D ,O'll~D'09 ,O'UO'91n1)'09
:o,,~, ~~N m'mnn9nOl nl'llOlD n1'YJ. O'lNnn;l
(Developmental Dyspraxia - DO) n'mnn9nOl 0l'DP190', .1
(Clumsy Child Syndrome - CCS) ~J.llODOl '~'Ol on,l'O .2
(Sensory Integration Disorder - SID) n'l!Im Ol'~ll\:Jl'NJ. O"lp'J .3
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'''Int, jJln jJllT') '1) IIllTOi nllnnJ. TJ1nOl" lD) 0111;) 11'1 ?!llm ,101'10 ,0I1lDO "1')'0 :111110
. n1111lDi1 nN 1!l11l' 1')'') 11"00 :11111001 .n11111n n1'llOlD n1'lml'O ~111 011'0') nll:1 lTl)!
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nx ']'~;)'J 1'1') '1) ;)1'0');) JI1I O'l1111Nl 0':1?11I:11jJ'lI:J ''71')00 :111110J. nlJ.l;)') N'J '1~1 nNT
,nNT now') .mN'll1l 010) n'lDT -1:1 mn') 'll11!lN 'n):1 N? ON OIl1IjJ ;)T 01';)' '1;)111 ,1m'J;l
,1I1~'J.:1 OOl'mN'll1l nN IjJnJ o'n'~~o Dl'NI1I ,'onOl'jJ :111110 n~:JjJ:1 onl1ljJ O)! 0'1')'
9110l nO')Ol n'l!lllOi mll1100I nN JJHJ.'J 111' P 10) .1l11l ON n1l1') '1) ''717'0 J.lI110'J o'jJjJil
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01!J';] ~y ll'Vlll'V O11m mY~ONl.'IJl j71!J001 Il'llT ,;]ynIl;] nllO ,1'1'V01 nlJ ~'V ,
lNlO'l!Jl nIl!JO '~';]'V Y)ll .Il'OO1OlN Il''VYJ O1ynIlO11 Ill!JIl'V1l ;]'~J'IllNljJ;]
Illn!J'VO' ll~'~l D'lln D'l"!JNO m~Yl m!Jon Tll'nlll'll ']'0lO1~ 1m' l~ ~jJ ]lllll 'nYlln'
O"D'V nIl'!J'V '!JJ ,Tll~'!JjJ;] IN flIjJ'l101 nn!J'V1l llJJ n'~~J n'llOllJ n'lJn IN 'mYlm ~I!!
llO1 noo'V ,lnl' lnl IllYlm l~IN Dl 'V' I~N D"~'~ .;]O'JO;] n"lIN'nl (Schmidt, 1975)
.Ill'lI01O Jll'lllll'O ~'V YI~'l]DTl D"ll~'n D"n''V~ l'l;]~ D'J'l~ D;] l'VNJ llnl~
mY.llJl lIll' IN JlnN O1'YlO Ilnllj7 D'IlY~ D'~lIO O1Ylm ]lJn7 D'71101l Dl'N'V
D!Jll 'll'N IlN flI01l~ DIl70' IlN l'llI017 'V' 'nyun ]llJn nIl!J7 D,.7'7 lllY7 'IJ
Il'llOIOO1 TllflIl!JIlO1;] '::I7'V 11. 0111.01::1 DIllN IlIl'::IYIl;] m'17'Y!J::I 'VIlIl'V;]7 PIl
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. Inl'lOl D'lnN D'lll101 D'll;];] l'VNJ ,1'Y~ 7']) ;]7'nIlO m'l'~7 '~'01 ~'V mY.ID;]
l'VNJ D1 :1)1 j7n'Vll nlll ,D'I]) n'V'l~ nYl ~NIl'Vl ]'0' ~'V D'l'VID::I D''VIlIl'V1l
D'n~ 'l'V ']ll~ 'V''V l'::Ill '~';] ~NIl'V .' IlN D'lO N1011 ]'0' .' nN D'101~ UIlIl D''Vj7lll
Haywood &) £')ll)' OWll} Oq,.!:!:). nU)j'JlpPil nUl'Y 'n~Jl 0"-:'l1 'n\U ,OWl' 'nlO \J. \!,I11
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· 77J 11'lll'1!J' flI"'~7 O1'V7n flIY"TID DY D'I~' .(Spatial orientation) n'::Inlll TllY'ID~1
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· .;]ll'V ]!JIN::I D'O!Jm DOl 'IllnIl!JIl;] ::I7'V IN 7'1 ~Jll ,O111';]l D'nn!JIlIl n'lnlll;]
.Ol"N1;l]'l7 Il'IJIlOl'j7;] mllllD;l]'l ;l'~llOJ'N 11ll/ Nl;] ::Inlll::l Yl.7';] l'VNJ ,;]'VYIl~
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N~IJ] lIlJ;]" 101~ ~1J' "T7'01 8 ~'l:l .1~'V Il'lnlll;] Illll"TllJ;] IlN ;l'VlIll~ D'j1"T1:l (;]"Nl)
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, O''JIIl!) O'1lNOI OIll11 11iOl 'JII IN 1'J1II ']U01 '1l'N nnnn 'JII IIi' 1'J l'Nl ,llYOIO OIYnn
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iO'}~ ' I ) OIYUn01 nN jJl!)~ i~') l'lOl'} OI1mOl IN '}!lunOl ~y 1) Olll'} .OIn~1I nUnl'!),l
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nllnN m'Jll1!11 11 O1~lY!I l'}01nl .mm~Y O")'Yl l~'!)N n'U1l1UlN O111~l OIn'lIIni) nil
n'Dln01 O'l~lI01 n)wn~ 1I'1101'JI nlYnni) 'Jy njJ!)'J n'unOl'jJi) n)WOO1 ,0'111.0.0
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pln~ III' ,O')11111111111'} n''J~n n'N ,'J' l111N) ,01T O11jJnl .01'J1Y!)i) nN lI~l~ 'i) TD'1'JI
]'0' l'l O'l11')l ~l~lnn N101 ON ,0')1111101 n)'1111 'Jill O'l~lIIi) nN 1)1T1 l'ln N101 ON
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" ~y nNT ~11n~ 1111!1N .n1'no'!lm n1'11Om m~D' nl~lIIn 1T nunl'OIll lnNn ,0')11111 Oil
1'1101 O1111111i"jJn i'}' l111N) :n!)on O1mn .01l1lil nN O')l1l11l UllljJ~ IN XlN 'Jill O"'}II]il
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l'Jiln .l~il jy Y'91il ,lJJ9illl ll ili ,rnNilIV '19J iUl n'TY1Dil D1J.~Yil nYlYDJ lOOil nN
.lU'01 OIl U'Jl1111 nnn1'OO1 nN 111)1 lI~ln01111 lnN~ jJl pm) IIInlno OIT
noo nll]mOl n'11Om-n'1101O O1'lIl 1~ 111'111 OIN1) ,OIl1nn lDn'} ~1100 n'N i~'0'1 l111N)
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" ,n'mnn!)n01 O1'OjJl!10'l IN (Dyspraxia) O1'OjJl!)O'i OIl1nn lDn~ n~D'il 10m nN O'DO
n'JD'01 10m .OI'OjJl!)O',O jJ~n) nnjJn,l nlllun lI~l~ n~D' 'N ,(Apraxia) O1'OjJl!)N PI
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'J]l'~n)N iPnn NSWJ ,n']J.ID i)]'N'l1 i1ynnJ. nUil,. ,TPJ1VUn i1'~p)n9n'jlIU 77' 111)
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'l1!!OI JI!! n'JD') 1"111))1 yn'J!) ;lN~m) O'l'll!!) l!/l)" nllD) on"nD O'l'll!!
DOl nN l~"J 11!!!JND j'PIl onm .D1IN nN nn~) '7lD O'lOn IPT jJl!JJ nlJJ "llinOl'
I!J 0""110'01 O'NmOl "InN NIOI OI'!>lOl) nil!) j'lj'')DllOl pnl!!!) ."llDOI nlJ "ll» IPT 1 11
I~JD ')ll" JI!! nD'~'1 illY') JI!! 1l'lljJ!J1l IlJlJ') On"IlD OIl'~''')\!! 01110 .'lllJlD" lIN!);)
n'~li1 r'pit!) :f.1lJil no .)1) '11jJ1 <"1111\ nN. D'jJ'Tnni1 i"tl'~li1 '1'1~ ']'0 OllllJilln1'DJ '
)\\9),i) ,nIl 11Nll~il 'J\!I 0'O\010i1 O'l'1\!Ji'l Oil (Dnll'~Oll1l-10]N 0'1'110 OJ D1Nli'l)
3asmajian & Luca, 1985; SheriJI,) nlll'')II'' O"!JlOI JI!! O'!J!>D" O'l'll!!OII nlllnnll~
D'!>!J!)" O'l'll!!" m~DjJI ,'111Ol 71!! 'l111N" lpJnl mN~1)] O'OI!!I!>OI O'l'l~01 m::l1J.p
D'OI!!l!)" O'l'll!lOl :11l" jJl!>!) 7Y O'7Yl!)" O'l'll!!OI m~1J.p "ll~m 'D"lP" 1j7711l nTl.'"''
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O'l'll!!OI .Y~UNOI IjJ '!JJ) ')IlOl 'j7Jn IlN 1ll)l!!lDI 'U')!J011N 'Y::IUNOI 1l\)I!!DOI 7Y IllN::IOl·
nN 0')1!!1D 0011 ,'ll~'IlOl IN '710)01 1l0l!!OI 'J!J 711 O'N::IDl (Abductors) O'jJ'IllD;'
nN 1DT) nnnll (...U jJ'IllOlJ) ab-l ('!)JJ) ad mnn'pOl .OI!lmOl Y!lDNOI ljJD ')IlOl 'jim
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