A

Project Report

On

Inverting Amplifier

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Electrical Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Er. Surjeet Raikwar

Head of Department

Dr. Deepak Nagaria

By

Pratham Nigam (2100430200030)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology

(An Autonomous Institute)

Jhansi (U.P.) India-284128

Session 2022-23

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 Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology

Jhansi (U.P.) India-284128

CERTIFICATE

We hereby declare the work presented in this project entitled “INVERTING AMPLIFIER” in partial fulfilment
of the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering submitted in the Department of
Electrical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India, is
our own work carried out under the guidance of Dr. Deepak Nagaria, Head of Department of Electrical
Engineering and Er. Surjeet Raikwar, Faculty Electrical Engineering.

Name Pratham Nigam

Roll No. (2100430200030)

DATE: 7/1/2023

This is to certify that above statement made by the candidate are correct to the best of my knowledge.

Guided by, Head of Department

Er. Surjeet Raikwar Dr. Deepak Nagaria

Deptt. of Electrical Engg. Head of Department of Electrical Engg.
B.I.E.T, Jhansi (U.P), India B.I.E.T, Jhansi (U.P), India

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 DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in B.Tech Project Based Learning Report entitled
“INVERTING AMPLIFIER”, as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology
in Electrical Engineering of Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi (UP), is an authentic
record of my own work, under the supervision of Er. Surjeet Raikwar, in the Electrical Engineering Department.

The matter presented in this project report in full or part, has not been submitted by me for the award of any
degree elsewhere and is free from plagiarism.

Pratham Nigam (2100430200030)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this undertaking could not have been possible without the participation and assistance of so
many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and
gracefully acknowledged.

We are sincerely grateful to our Head of Department Dr. Deepak Nagariya who provided us the platform to
work on our project. He supported us throughout our project journey and enlightened us. We would also like to
thank our mentor Er. Surjeet Raikwar, who supported us at every stage of this project. He supervised as well as
provided all the necessary information regarding the project and also supported us in completing this project.
His constant guidance and willingness to share his vast knowledge made us understand this project. We would
like to show our gratitude towards all the Electrical Engineering Faculty members who always willingly helped
us.

We would like to express my gratitude to our parents and family for their kind cooperation and encouragement
which helped us in completion of this project.

Pratham Nigam (2100430200030)

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 ABSTRACT

An inverting amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the input signal by a factor of -A, where A
is the gain of the amplifier. The output of the inverting amplifier is 180 degrees out of phase with the input
signal. In other words, if the input is a sine wave, the output will be a sine wave with the same frequency and
amplitude, but with opposite phase. The inverting amplifier can be used in a variety of applications, including
signal conditioning, filtering, and oscillation.

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 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….vii
2. INVERTING AMPLIFIER ON PROTEUS.…………...………………………….viii
3. COMPONENTS USED…………………………………………………………….ix
4. INPUT & OUTPUT WAVEFORM……….………….……………………………..x
GAIN OF INVERTING AMPLIFIER…….……………………………….x
5. APPLICATIONS OF INVERTING AMPLIFIER……………...………………….xi
6. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….xii
7. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….xiii

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 INTRODUCTION
An inverting amplifier is an electronic circuit that amplifies an input signal and inverts the phase of the
output signal relative to the input. In other words, the output of an inverting amplifier is the negative of
the input signal. The inverting amplifier is a type of negative feedback amplifier, which means that the
feedback signal is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal.

The inverting amplifier is commonly used in a variety of applications, including signal conditioning,
filtering, and oscillation. It is also commonly used in operational amplifier (op-amp) circuits, which are
widely used in analog electronic circuits for a variety of purposes.

The inverting amplifier can be designed using a single op-amp or multiple op-amps, depending on the
complexity of the circuit and the required gain. The gain of an inverting amplifier is determined by the
ratio of the feedback resistor to the input resistor. A high gain inverting amplifier will amplify the input
signal by a large factor, while a low gain inverting amplifier will amplify the input signal by a smaller
factor.

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 INVERTING AMPLIFIER ON PROTEUS

Figure 1 Inverting Amplifier on Proteus

An inverting amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the input signal by a factor of -A, where A
is the gain of the amplifier. The output of the inverting amplifier is 180 degrees out of phase with the input
signal. In other words, if the input is a sine wave, the output will be a sine wave with the same frequency and
amplitude, but with opposite phase.

The inverting amplifier can be designed using a single operational amplifier (op-amp) or multiple op-amps,
depending on the complexity of the circuit and the required gain. A simple inverting amplifier circuit using a
single op-amp.

The inverting amplifier is commonly used in a variety of applications, including signal conditioning, filtering,
and oscillation. In signal conditioning applications, the inverting amplifier is used to amplify small signals or to
adjust the gain of a signal to a specific value. It can also be used to remove DC offsets from a signal by setting
the DC gain to zero.

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 COMPONENTS USED
1. OP-AMP 741
2. RESISTOR R1 (1K OHM)
3. RESISTOR R2 (10K OHM)
4. SINE VOLTAGE SOURCE (AMPLITUDE =1 FREQUENCY=1K Hz)
5. POWER SOURCE (20V)
6. OSCILLOSCOPE

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 INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

Figure 1 Input & Output waveform of inverting amplifier

GAIN OF INVERTING AMPLIFIER

An inverting amplifier is a type of operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit that uses negative feedback to produce
an inverted output signal. The gain of an inverting amplifier is determined by the ratio of the resistances of the
resistor connected to the input terminal (Rin) and the resistor connected to the output terminal (Rout).
The gain of an inverting amplifier is given by the formula:
Gain = -Rout/Rin
For example, if Rin is 10k ohms and Rout is 20k ohms, the gain of the inverting amplifier would be -2
(-20k/10k). This means that the output signal will be two times the magnitude of the input signal, but with an
inverted phase.
It's important to note that the gain of an inverting amplifier is always negative. This is because the output signal
is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal.

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 APPLICATIONS OF INVERTING AMPLIFIER

1. In filtering applications, the inverting amplifier is used to implement low pass, high pass, and band pass
filters. By selecting the appropriate values for R1 and R2, the inverting amplifier can be configured to
pass only signals within a specific frequency range, while attenuating signals outside of that range.

2. In oscillation applications, the inverting amplifier is used to create oscillators. Oscillators are circuits
that generate a repeating waveform, such as a sine wave or square wave. By adding feedback to the
inverting amplifier, the output signal can be fed back to the input, creating a regenerative effect that
sustains the oscillation.

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 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the inverting amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the input signal by a factor
of -A, where A is the gain of the amplifier. It is commonly used in a variety of applications, including signal
conditioning, filtering, and oscillation, and is widely used in operational amplifier (op-amp) circuits. The
inverting amplifier is relatively simple to design and build, but requires a negative power supply and has a fixed
gain. It is a useful and widely used circuit that is widely used in a variety of electronic applications.

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 REFERENCES
[1] MR Ibrahim, MR Karim, FA Kidwai, “Inverting Amplifier”, in American Journal of Applied Sciences 5(5),
479-482, 2008.

[2] Himal Pokhrel, Deepak Kumar, Anjali Sharma "Op-amp Circuits". International Journal of Computer
Trends and Technology (IJCTT) V50(2):101-106, August 2017. ISSN:2231-2803.

[3] Pascal Constantin Hans Meier, “Inverting Amplifiers”.

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