MELC 2 Introduction To Philosophy of The Human Person Activity Sheet 2

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Doing Philosophy
Name of Learner: ______________________________________

Grade Level: ______________________________________
Strand/Track: ______________________________________
Section: ______________________________________
Date: ______________________________________
A. Background Information for Learners

In many things, we should begin from the basic concepts before we engage
ourselves into its intricacies. We must know first the fundamentals as they will serve as our
stepping stones in discovery the wonders of any undertakings.
This Activity Sheet tackles the overview of the definition and the branches of
Philosophy as well as its importance. Upon knowing all of these, we can practice doing
Philosophy with ease.
B. Learning Competency with code

MELC 2: Realize the value of doing Philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on
life.
C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. Read and follow each direction carefully.
2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your points for each activity.
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
6. If you have any questions, contact your teacher through Messenger or cell
phone number
D. Exercises/Activities
D. 1. INTRODUCTION
a. What I Need to Know?
After going through with this activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. give the meaning of Philosophy
2. identify the branches of Philosophy; and
3. know the importance of Philosophy.
b. What’s New?
1
ACTIVITY 1: “My Guiding Principle”
DIRECTIONS: Inside the box, write down one of your life’s guiding principles.
Explain how this principle influences to your life. (Rubric to be used for checking
your answer is available in Letter F)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
MY SCORE:
____________
D. 2. DEVELOPMENT
a. What I Know?
ACTIVITY 2: “Pre-Test”
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following Greek words means “love”?

A. Logos B. Phi C. Philo D. Sophia
2. Why is Philosophy considered a science?

A. Because it can answer all of our questions
B. Because it is an organized body of knowledge
C. Because it deals with the study of life forms alone.
D. Because it needs trained scientists to conceptualize idea
3. Which of the following statements explains the concept of the “natural light of
reason”?
2
A. Reasoning that is not assisted by any tools

B. Reasoning facilitated by laboratory equipment
C. Reasoning derived from perspectives of other people.
D. Reasoning without comprehensive intellectual examination
4. Why do we say that Philosophy is a multidimensional or holistic field of study?

A. Because it encompasses other disciplines.
B. Because it is limited to a particular object of inquiry.
C. Because it is a product of the brilliant minds of different philosophers.
D. Because it is a must to study other subject matters first before you can fully
understand Philosophy.
5. What do you mean by “first cause”?

A. Aftermath B. Development C. Guide D. Origin
6. “Metaphysics is the foundation of Philosophy”. Which of the following reasons

supports this claim?
A. It is difficult to explain the world around us without knowing its existence.
B. Philosophy is best described through rigorous and meticulous judgement.
C. The root cause of everything can be traced back from the desire of people
to be good.
D. Reality about the world cannot be contested as it is validated over the
course of time.
7. For Socrates, “to be happy, a person has to live a virtuous life”. Which branch
of Philosophy does this statement fall under?
A. Aesthetics B. Epistemology C. Ethics B. Logic
8. Which of the following braches tackles about the reasoning by humans in

order to form thoughts and opinions, as well as classifications and judgments?
A. Aesthetics B. Epistemology C. Ethics D. Logic
9. Which of the following statements DOES NOT belong to the branch of

Philosophy called Aesthetics?
A. Peace of mind is achieved by means of right conduct and decorum.
B. Immanuel Kant conceptualized the judgement of taste to a particular thing.
C. The great civilizations of history were all centers of unique styles of art and
design.
D. Tboli’s most preferred motif is a male figure as this is their expression of
confidence in them.
10. Which of the following is NOT the importance of Philosophy?

A. Philosophy asks the important questions
B. Philosophy can be applied to every discipline
C. Philosophy helps with critical thinking and reason
D. Philosophy helps you questions others’ beliefs and practices
MY SCORE:
____________
b. What’s In?
3
ACTIVITY 3: “The Masks”
DIRECTIONS: Analyze the picture below and explain how it is related to partial
and holistic perspectives. (Rubric to be used for checking your answer is
available in Letter F)
MY SCORE:
____________
c. What is It?
DISCUSSION: Doing Philosophy
Definition of Philosophy
The question of “What is Philosophy” is itself a philosophical question. It

has no clear answer, and those that are given often feel abstract, and widely
debatable.
Etymologically, the word “Philosophy” comes from two Greek words,

philo meaning “to love”, and sophia meaning “wisdom”. Philosophy originally
meant, “love of wisdom” and in a broad sense, wisdom is still the goal of
philosophy. Philosophy is also defined as the science that by natural light of
4
reason studies the first causes or the highest principles of all things. Under this
definition, four things are to be considered: (Ramos, 2016)
 Science – it uses scientific approach because the investigation is

systematic. It follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures. In
other words, it is an organized body of knowledge just like any other
sciences.
 Natural Light of Reason – philosophy investigates things, neither by
using any laboratory instruments or investigative tools, nor on the basis of
supernatural revelation. Instead, the philosopher uses his natural capacity
to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.
 Study of All Things – this sets the distinction between philosophy and
other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a particular
object of investigation. The reason is that philosophy is not one-
dimensional or partial. Rather, philosophy is multidimensional or holistic.
 First Cause or the Highest Principle – an idea which means something
is the main and first cause why an event or situation took place. It is
principle because everything in the world and every situation has a
starting point or a beginning.
Branches of Philosophy
 Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation or

an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal
with reality. (importanceofphilosophy.com) It is a branch of philosophy
that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality. It is the study of
all of reality, visible and invisible, along with what constitutes natural and
supernatural.
 Epistemology is the study of knowledge acquisition. It involves an

awareness of certain aspects of reality, and it seeks to discover what is
known and how it is known. Considered as a branch of philosophy,
epistemology addresses cognitive sciences, cultural studies and the
history of science. Moreover, epistemology explains why our minds relate
to reality and how these relationships are either valid or invalid. It is
needed in order to distinguish between the truth and falsehood as we
obtain knowledge from the world around us. (study.com)
 Ethics is the branch of study dealing with what is the proper course of
action for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of
right and wrong in human endeavors. At a more fundamental level, it is
the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them.
(importanceofphilosophy.com)
 Logic can include the act of reasoning by humans in order to form

thoughts and opinions, as well as classifications and judgments. It can be
defined as the study of truths based completely on the meanings of the
terms they contain. (examples.yourdictionary.com)
5
 Aesthetics is the philosophical branch of inquiry concerned with beauty,

art and perception. In a more general sense, aesthetics as a philosophy,
refers to the study of sensory values. This means the judgement or
evaluation by the senses and through time has come to refer to critical or
philosophical thought about art, culture and/or nature. (paulford.com)
Ten Reasons Why Philosophy Is Important
The Renaissance painting “The School of Athens” is packed with famous

faces, including Plato and Aristotle. Full of symbols, the painting is a love letter
to philosophers of the past. Today, our love letters look a little different than
Raphael’s masterpiece, but the world is still fascinated with philosophy. Why?
Contrary to what many might think, philosophy is not a dry academic exercise
without practical applications. Here are ten reasons why philosophy matters:
(theimportantsite.com)
1. Philosophy asks the important questions

No other discipline is as obsessed with big questions as philosophy.
Whether it’s justifying human rights, pondering the meaning of existence, or
figuring out the best form of government, philosophy has always steered
humanity’s curiosity. Since ancient days, philosophers have dedicated
themselves to exploring the thought process while analyzing their thinking every
step of the way. No question is too big or too small for philosophy.
2. Philosophy helps with critical thinking and reason

Besides asking the big questions, philosophy is all about the thought
process. Critical thinking and reasoning are a huge part of what defines
philosophy. For years, philosophers debated how to assess and categorize
different styles of thinking, how to identify sound reasoning, and so on. The
debate is always going on. When you adopt a philosophical mindset and learn to
analyze statements and ideas with a critical eye, you become a better thinker.
You’re able to tell when an idea is worth your time or if it’s relying on something
that’s inherently weak and unsound. This is an essential skill that can be applied
everywhere in your life.
3. Philosophy helps guide the research process

When you’re faced with a research project of some kind, the amount of
data can be overwhelming. Philosophy and its emphasis on analytical thinking
and sound arguments help you sort through everything. You’ll be able to tell
when an idea or argument isn’t going anywhere, so you can focus your attention
elsewhere. Philosophy also helps you develop your own position using clear,
sound reasoning based on the research you’ve done.
4. Philosophy teaches persuasiveness

Besides critical thinking and reasoning, philosophy teaches people the
importance of being persuasive. You can have the best argument in the world
with lots of evidence, but if you can’t get anyone else to see that, what’s the
point? Beginning in ancient days, rhetoric – the art of persuasion – was
employed by everyone from politicians to lawyers to poets. When you study
philosophy and rhetoric, you’ll learn how to develop and present your arguments
6
in a way that appeals to your audience. This is an extremely valuable skill no

matter what your goals are.
5. Philosophy teaches problem-solving

Problems are a part of life. No matter what type of problem you’re facing,
philosophy can help. That’s because philosophy teaches techniques like
observation, intuition, and logic. Using critical thinking and effective research,
you can break problems down to their essence and test solutions. Philosophy
was developed as a way to solve problems in the form of big questions. It makes
sense that it would be useful for any problem.
6. Philosophy can be applied to every discipline

No matter what subject you’re dealing with, there’s a philosophical aspect
that enhances the learning experience. In a sense, philosophy forces you to ask
questions like “What?” and “Why?” Whether you’re studying literature or science,
the philosophical piece makes you ask: What is the essence of the topic at hand
and why does it matter? Philosophy is all about critical thinking and reasoning,
which are important skills in any discipline. They make the learning process
more organized and rewarding.
7. Philosophy forms a good foundation for a variety of careers

Philosophy isn’t just useful in a classroom or learning setting. It’s an
important tool for many career fields, including the business world. To succeed
in business, a person must work through often-complex issues, write persuasive
arguments for a position, and research quickly and effectively. Critical thinking
and reasoning are essential. This is even more true for legal professions. A
career in anything related to science also requires mastery of philosophical
concepts and analytical thinking. Any career benefits from a bit of philosophy; it
isn’t a subject that’s limited to academia.
8. Philosophy helps you sort through your own beliefs

Most people go through life without questioning what they believe.
Philosophy asks us to take a closer look at our lives and worldviews. You might
realize that what you’ve always believed about yourself, the world, and so on
don’t make sense anymore. On the other side, you might become more
confident in what you believe. Even if you don’t ever defend them to another
person, the process of questioning and collecting evidence for your beliefs can
change your life.
9. Philosophy influences the world today

While you may not be aware of it, philosophy has a huge impact on how
the world works. We have democracy because of philosophers. Many of the
issues people wrestle with daily – such as how to be a good person – are
philosophical. If you ever wonder why the world is the way it is and you look
back at history, you’ll find most things have a root in philosophy.
10. Philosophy can fuel change and progress

Most of history’s biggest changes, whether they’re cultural or political,
began as intellectual debates. This is because philosophy is all about caring
about everything, including the questions and the thinking process. Philosophy
7
encourages the world to take a deeper look at why things are the way they are
and if they could be better. That’s how progress is made.
D. 3. ENGAGEMENT
a. What is more?
ACTIVITY 4: “Concept Map”
DIRECTIONS: Using the concept map, complete the details with the terms and
definitions being asked.
MY SCORE:
____________
b. What I Can Do?
ACTIVITY 5: “Philosophy in Different Settings”
DIRECTIONS: Give the importance of Philosophy in following settings. (Rubric to

be used for checking your answer is available in Letter F)
1.
SCHOOL
8
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2.
GOVERNMENT
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3.
CHURCH
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
MY SCORE:
____________
c. What other Enrichment Activities can I Engage In?
ACTIVITY 6: “Issue Resolved!”
9
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the news article carefully and answer the
guide question. (Rubric to be used for checking your answer is available in Letter
F)
‘Huwag tayong hypocrite’: Push for SOGIE bill

continues in House
By: Neil Arwin Mercado - Reporter / @NAMercadoINQ
INQUIRER.net / 11:13 AM February 17, 2020
MANILA, Philippines — Despite facing a dead end in the

Senate in the 17th Congress, the fight for the passage of
the Sogie (sexual orientation, gender identity and
expression) Equality Bill continues at the House of
Representatives.
Three lawmakers—Gabriela Women’s Party Rep. Arlene

Brosas, ACT Teachers’ Partylist Rep. France Castro, and
Kabataan Partylist Rep. Sarah Jane Elago—filed on Monday
House Bill No. 6294 or “An Act Prohibiting Discrimination
on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
and Expression (Sogie) and providing penalties therefor.”
This is the 13th bill on Sogie that remains pending

in the lower chamber in the 18th Congress.
According to Brosas, among the differences of the newly
filed bill to the other bills pending in the House are:
 Completes the definition of terms on SOGIE;
 Explains trans hate crime, with the case of
Jennifer Laude as an example;
 Corrects “based on homosexuality” to “based on
sexual orientation and gender identity and
expression”;
 Proposes for the implementation of the bill to be
on the local government unit (LGU) level.
A call to the Senate
Sogie bill was passed by the House of Representatives

in the 17th Congress; however, it faced a dead end in the
Senate.
In September 2019, Senate President Vicente Sotto III

said at least 15 of the 24 senators will vote against the
passage of the bill, citing the existence of laws that
protect not only one sector, but every Filipino.
Asked about their confidence for the passage of the bill
despite the opposition in the Senate, Brosas said that
lawmakers should not be “hypocrites.”
10
“Sa tingin po natin, importante ‘tong matalakay sa

panahon ngayon dahil we have so many discriminatory
practices even in the Senate, pati sa lower House. ‘Wag
po tayong hypocrite,” Brosas told reporters.
Castro said Sotto should at least be “open” for

“special bills for special people.”
“Matagal na nating nakakaligtaan ito kaya panahon na

para mapag-usapan. Mapakinggan lang ni Senator Sotto ito
ay masaya na at sana ay ma-aprub itong bill na ito,” the
lawmaker said.
The bill, however, also has its dissenters in the

House.
In August 2019, Citizen’s Battle Against Corruption

(CIBAC) Partylist Rep. Eddie Villanueva said that instead
of promoting equality, the bill will only “unduly give
special rights” to some members of society at the expense
of others.
Villanueva said the SOGIE bill “undermines the role
of parents in the family,” “threatens academic freedom,”
“imperils freedom of speech and religion,” and “puts into
question the very foundation” of the country’s laws.
Guide Question:
1. With the importance of Philosophy in mind, how could we better
understand the issue tackled in the article?
MY SCORE:
____________
D. 4. ASSIMILATION
a. What I Have Learned?
ACTIVITY 7: “Web Diagram”
DIRECTIONS: In the web diagram, supply everything the you have learned from
the discussion of Philosophy.
MY SCORE:
____________
11
b. Assessment/What I Can Show?
ACTIVITY 8: “Post-Test”
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following Greek words means “wisdom”?

A. Logos B. Phi C. Philo D. Sophia
2. Why is Philosophy considered a science?

A. Because it deals solely with hard sciences
B. Because it can answer all of our questions
C. Because it is an organized body of knowledge
D. Because it needs trained scientists to conceptualize idea
3. Which of the following statements explains the concept of the “natural light of
reason”?
A. Reasoning rooted from other people’s idea
B. Reasoning that is not assisted by any tools
C. Reasoning facilitated by laboratory equipment
D. Reasoning without comprehensive intellectual examination
4. Why do we say that Philosophy is a multidimensional or holistic field of study?

A. Because it encompasses other disciplines.
B. Because it is limited to a particular object of inquiry.
C. Because it is a product of the brilliant minds of different philosophers.
D. Because it is a must to study other subject matters first before you can fully
understand Philosophy.
5. What do you mean by “first cause”?

A. Aftermath B. Development C. Origin D. Reason
6. “Metaphysics is the foundation of Philosophy”. Which of the following reasons

supports this claim?
A. The beginning of everything came from people’s desire to be good.
B. It is difficult to explain the world around us without knowing its existence.
C. Philosophy is best described through rigorous and meticulous judgement.
D. Reality about the world cannot be contested as it is validated over the
course of time.
7. For Socrates, “to be happy, a person has to live a virtuous life”. Which branch
of Philosophy does this statement fall under?
A. Aesthetics B. Epistemology C. Ethics B. Logic
8. Which of the following braches studies knowledge acquisition?

A. Aesthetics B. Epistemology C. Ethics D. Logic
12
9. Which of the following statements DOES NOT belong to the branch of

Philosophy called Aesthetics?
A. Peace of mind is achieved by means of right conduct and decorum.
B. Immanuel Kant conceptualized the judgement of taste to a particular thing.
C. The great civilizations of history were all centers of unique styles of art and
design.
D. Tboli’s most preferred motif is a male figure as this is their expression of
confidence in them.
10. Which of the following is NOT the importance of Philosophy?

A. Philosophy asks the important questions
B. Philosophy can be applied to every discipline
C. Philosophy helps with critical thinking and reason
D. Philosophy helps you questions others’ beliefs and practices
MY SCORE:
____________
E. Guide Questions (already embedded in the activities)
F. Rubric for Scoring

This rubric will be used to score Activities 1, 3, 5 and 6.
G. Reflection
Learners will write on their notebooks or journals their insights about the lesson.
 I understand that_________________________________________________.
 I realized that ___________________________________________________.
13
H. References for Learners
Books
Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the

Human Person, Rex Book Store.
Electronic Sources
10 Reasons Why Philosophy Is Important. Retrieved from

https://theimportantsite.com/10-reasons-why-philosophy-is-important/
Epistemology: Definition & Examples. Retrieved from

https://study.com/academy/lesson/epistemology-definition-examples-quiz.html
Ethics. Retrieved from

http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Ethics_Main.html
Examples of Logic. Retrieved from

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-logic.html
Mercado, Neil Arwin R. (2020). ‘Huwag tayong hypocrite’: Push for SOGIE bill
continues in House. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1229646/fwd-huwag-tayong-hypocrite-push-for-sogie-
bill-continues-in-house
Metaphysics. Retrieved from

http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Main.html
What is Aesthetics? Retrieved from https://paulford.com/communication/what-

is-aesthetics/
Photo Credits
https://stemlife.home.blog/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/448671181604025773/
http://www.wowbatangas.com/destinations/churches/san-roque-parish-
church-sa-lemery-batangas/
http://www.wowbatangas.com/towns-and-cities/lemery/lemery-batangas-
history/
14
Prepared by:
JAKE MARK R. RICALDE, LPT, RPm

Writer
Subject Group Coordinator, HUMSS-Social Sciences
Lemery Senior High School
I. Answer Key
Activity 8 Activity 4 and 7 Activity 2 Activities 1, 3, 5

and 6
1. D (please refer to 1. C
2. C What is It?) 2. B Subjective
3. B 3. A Assessment
4. A 4. A (please refer to
5. C 5. D rubric for checking)
6. B 6. A
7. C 7. C
8. B 8. D
9. A 9. A
10. D 10. D
15

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Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Name of Learner: ______________________________________

A. Background Information for Learners

B. Learning Competency with code

a. What I Need to Know?

ACTIVITY 1: “My Guiding Principle”

1. Which of the following Greek words means “love”?

2. Why is Philosophy considered a science?

A. Reasoning that is not assisted by any tools

4. Why do we say that Philosophy is a multidimensional or holistic field of study?

5. What do you mean by “first cause”?

6. “Metaphysics is the foundation of Philosophy”. Which of the following reasons

8. Which of the following braches tackles about the reasoning by humans in

9. Which of the following statements DOES NOT belong to the branch of

10. Which of the following is NOT the importance of Philosophy?

ACTIVITY 3: “The Masks”

DISCUSSION: Doing Philosophy

The question of “What is Philosophy” is itself a philosophical question. It

Etymologically, the word “Philosophy” comes from two Greek words,

 Science – it uses scientific approach because the investigation is

 Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation or

 Epistemology is the study of knowledge acquisition. It involves an

 Logic can include the act of reasoning by humans in order to form

 Aesthetics is the philosophical branch of inquiry concerned with beauty,

Ten Reasons Why Philosophy Is Important

The Renaissance painting “The School of Athens” is packed with famous

1. Philosophy asks the important questions

2. Philosophy helps with critical thinking and reason

3. Philosophy helps guide the research process

4. Philosophy teaches persuasiveness

in a way that appeals to your audience. This is an extremely valuable skill no

5. Philosophy teaches problem-solving

6. Philosophy can be applied to every discipline

7. Philosophy forms a good foundation for a variety of careers

8. Philosophy helps you sort through your own beliefs

9. Philosophy influences the world today

10. Philosophy can fuel change and progress

ACTIVITY 4: “Concept Map”

ACTIVITY 5: “Philosophy in Different Settings”

DIRECTIONS: Give the importance of Philosophy in following settings. (Rubric to

ACTIVITY 6: “Issue Resolved!”

‘Huwag tayong hypocrite’: Push for SOGIE bill

MANILA, Philippines — Despite facing a dead end in the

Three lawmakers—Gabriela Women’s Party Rep. Arlene

This is the 13th bill on Sogie that remains pending

A call to the Senate

Sogie bill was passed by the House of Representatives

In September 2019, Senate President Vicente Sotto III

“Sa tingin po natin, importante ‘tong matalakay sa

Castro said Sotto should at least be “open” for

“Matagal na nating nakakaligtaan ito kaya panahon na

The bill, however, also has its dissenters in the

In August 2019, Citizen’s Battle Against Corruption

a. What I Have Learned?

ACTIVITY 7: “Web Diagram”

b. Assessment/What I Can Show?

1. Which of the following Greek words means “wisdom”?

2. Why is Philosophy considered a science?

4. Why do we say that Philosophy is a multidimensional or holistic field of study?

5. What do you mean by “first cause”?

6. “Metaphysics is the foundation of Philosophy”. Which of the following reasons