TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

Level 5 IVQ Advanced

Technician Diploma in Construction
(Quantity Surveying)

CANDIDATE NAME : SIDDIQUE FAATHIH IHTHIZAM

ENROLMENT NO : CTY 8186

ASSESSMENT NAME : TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVYING

CENTRE NAME : NATRIUM INSTITUE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CENTRE NO : 847430

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TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

71.1 Preparing Different methods of approximate costing of construction for use at the
budged Evaluation stage
Cost per functional unit:
Cost per functional unit cost – is the unit rate which when multiplied by the number of functional
units it gives the total building works estimate (for example per bed space, per house and per
m2 of retail area).). The total recommended cost limit (example- cost limit, including inflation)
can also be expressed as a cost per functional unit when reporting costs.
Cost per floor area:
Cost per floor area is the unit rate which, when multiplied by the gross internal floor area gives
the total building works estimate (e.g. works cost estimate less main contractor’s preliminaries
and main contractor’s overheads and profit). Other cost estimates that form part of an order of
cost estimate or a cost plan should also be converted to costs/m2 of gross internal floor area
when reporting costs to the employer and project team (e.g. to express cost targets for group
elements, elements, sub-elements, as well as the cost limit).
Elemental cost plan:
Elemental cost plan is the critical breakdown of the cost limit for the buildings into cost targets
for each element of the buildings. It provides a statement of how the design team proposes to
distribute the available budget among the elements of the building, and a frame of reference
from which to develop the design and maintain cost control. It also provides both a work
breakdown structure (WBS) and a cost breakdown structure (CBS), which, by codifying, can be
used to redistribute work in elements to construction works packages for the purpose of
procurement
Approximate Measure:
During the early design stages, the quantity surveyor (or cost consultant)
will measure the dimensions of the building to produce budget estimates, perhaps based
on benchmarking against similar buildings. As the design develops, they will measure more
detailed approximate quantities for cost planning purposes, ensuring that the design can be
achieved within the budget.

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TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

71.8 Identify the various forms of contractual arrangement for tendering available within
the country of study
Open tendering.
Selective tendering.
Negotiate tendering.
Serial tendering.
Single-stage and two-stage tendering
Open tender
Open tendering is the main tendering procedures employed by both the government and private
sector. Open tendering allows anyone to submit a tender to supply the goods or services
required and offers an equal opportunity to any organization to submit a tender. This type of
tender is most common for the engineering and construction industry.
Open tendering provides the greatest competition among suppliers and has the advantage of
creating opportunities for new or emerging suppliers to try to secure work. However, not all
those who bid may be suitable for the contract and more time is required to evaluate the
tenders.
Selective tender
Selective tendering only allows suppliers to submit tenders by invitation. These suppliers are
those who are known by their record of accomplishment to be suitable for a contract of that size,
nature and complexity required. Selective tendering gives clients greater confidence that their
requirements will be satisfied. It may be particularity appropriate for specialist or complex
contracts, or contracts where there are only a few suitable firms However, it can exclude smaller
suppliers or those trying to establish themselves in a new market.
Negotiate tender
Negotiated tenders are extensively used in the engineering and construction industry
commencing from tendering until dispute resolutions. Negotiating with a single supplier may be
appropriate for highly specialist contracts, or for extending the scope of an existing contract.
Costs are reduced and allow early contractor involvement. Since the contractor is part of the
project team at a very stage of the project, this results in better communication and information
flow.
Serial tender
Serial tendering involves the preparation of tenders based on a typical or notional bill of
quantities or schedule of works. The rates submitted can then be used to value works over a
series of similar projects, often for a fixed period following which the tendering procedure may
be repeated.
Serial tendering can reduce tender costs, and may encourage suppliers to submit low rates to
secure an ongoing programmed of work.

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TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

Single or two-staged tender

Single-stage tendering is used when all the information necessary to calculate a realistic price is
available when tendering commences. An invitation to tender is issued to prospective suppliers,
tenders are prepared and returned, a preferred renderer is selected and following negotiations,
they may be appointed.
Two-stage tendering is used to allow early appointment of a supplier, prior to the completion of
all the information required to enable them to offer a fixed price. In the first stage, a limited
appointment is agreed to allow work to begin and in the second stage, a fixed price is
negotiated for the contract.
Other types of tender include serial tendering, framework tendering and public procurement.
Serial tendering involves the preparation of tenders based on a typical or notional bill of
quantities or schedule of works. Framework tendering allows the client to invite tenders from
suppliers of goods and services to be carried out over a period on a call-off basis as and when
required. Lastly, public procurement is for public projects held by the government.

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TENDERING, ESTIMATING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

71.24 Using the appropriate code of measurement, measure substructures,

including prime cost items, from issued drawings and specifications.

DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY Nr L W/B H/T Re- marks

Foundation
Excavation m3 15.75 1.00 16.28 0.75 1.29

Disposal m3 15.75 1.00 16.28 0.75 1.29

Formwork
Footing m2 5.54 1.00 16.28 0.34
Neck Column m2 15.47 1.00 16.28 0.95
Net Formwork m2

Substructure
Concrete
Footing m3 4.15 1.00 16.28 0.75 0.34
Neck Column m3 3.56 1.00 16.28 0.23 0.95
Net Concrete m3

Backfilling m3 8.12 1.00

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