Gimnasio Británico

Biology Lab

Alejandro Fonseca Cruz

1004

03/03/15

Sex-Linked In Flies

Background

The sex-linked is a disease found on X-chromosome, this disease affect males and females, but also
males because, if a woman is infected the son is directly infected and her father, because the women
gives the X chromosome to males. The result is that females will have two copies of the sex-linked
gene while males will only have one copy of this gene. If the gene is recessive, then males only
need one such recessive gene to have a sex-linked trait rather than the customary two recessive
genes for traits that are not sex-linked. This is why males exhibit some traits more frequently than
females.1

Table 1: Posible Phenotypes and Genotypes

Female, red eyes Female, red eyes Female, white eyes Male, red eyes Male, white eyes

XRXR XRXr XrXr XRY XrY

Xr Y

Genotype: XRXr Genotype: XRY

Phenotype: red eyes Phenotype: red eyes

R
X
female male

Genotype: XRXr Genotype:X

R
Y
Phenotype: red eyes female Phenotype: red eyes male
R
X

_50_% Female, red eye _0_% Female, white eye _50_% Male, red eye _0_% Male, white eye

1
http://science.halleyhosting.com/sci/soph/genetics/notes/sexlinked.htm
 XR Y

Genotype: XRXR Genotype: XRY

Phenotype: red eyes Phenotype: red eyes male

R
X
female

Genotype: XRXr Genotype: XrY

Phenotype: red eyes female Phenotype: white eyes

r
X male

_50_% Female, red eye _0_% Female, white eye _25_% Male, red eye _25_% Male, white eye

XR Y

Genotype: X Xr XrY
R
Genotype:

Phenotype: red eyes Phenotype: white eyes

Xr
male
female

Genotype: XRXr Genotype: XrY

Phenotype: red eyes female Phenotype: white eyes
Xr
male

_50_% Female, red eye _0_% Female, white eye __% Male, red eye _50_% Male, white eye

Xr Y

Genotype: X
R
Xr Genotype: XRY

Phenotype: red eyes Phenotype: red eyes

XR
female male

Genotype: XrXr Genotype: XrY

Xr
Phenotype: red eyes female
Phenotype: red eyes male
_25_% Female, red eye _25_% Female, white eye _25_% Male, red eye _25_% Male, white eye

Table 2: data analysis from the first couple and generations

Cross Type Phenotype of Phenotype of Number of Number of Number of Number of

Male Parent Female Red eye, White eye, Red eye, White eye,
Parent Male Male Female Female
Offspring Offspring Offspring Offspring

P Generation White eye Red eye 50 0 50 0

Cross

F1 Generation Red eye Red eye 25 25 50 0

Cross

P Generation Red eye White eye 50 50

Cross

F1 Generation White eye Red eye 25 25 25 25

Cross

Table 3: data analysis from the second couple and its generations

Cross Type Phenotype Phenotype Number of Number of Number of Number of

of Male of Female Red eye, White eye, Red eye, White eye,
Parent Parent Male Male Female Female
Offspring Offspring Offspring Offspring

P White eye Red eye 47 0 53 0

Generation
Cross

F1 Red eye Red eye 22 25 53 0

Generation
Cross

P Red eye White 51 49

Generation
Cross

F1 White eye Red eye 25 25 25 25

Generation
Cross
Describe the phenotypes and genotypes of the parents that you chose on the Punnett squares screen.

XrY from the father he has white eyes; the mom is a homozygous red eyes X RXR.

XRY from the father he has white eyes; the mom is a homozygous red eyes X rXr.

Describe the offspring phenotype and genotype ratios, which resulted from crossing the parents that
you, chose on the Punnett squares screen. Using these ratios, what percentage of offspring is white-
eyed? What percentage of offspring is red-eyed? XRXR XRXr the females are going to have red eyes, XRY
XrY one boy is going to have red eyes and the other white eyes. 25% for white-eye offspring, 75% for red
eyes offspring

Did you mate Drosophila in the laboratory or did you perform genetic crosses using Punnett squares
first? Why? Compare and contrast the data you collected from the Punnett squares to the data you
collected from the Drosophila mating. I do both at the same time, the data was the same.

In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a red-eyed heterozygous female, what percentage
of the female offspring is expected to be carriers? How did you determine the percentage? 50% of
the female offspring would be a carrier, I do the Punnet squares screen, do the meldel’s law then I
check out the results and I got the percentage.

In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a white-eyed female fruit fly, what percentage of
the male offspring will have white eyes? Describe how you determined the percentage. 100% of
the male offspring are going to have white eyes, because the law which says that, when a mom is
affected by a disease it would affect directly its sons because she give the X.

Hemophilia, a blood disorder in humans, results from a sex-linked recessive allele. Suppose that a
daughter of a mother without the allele and a father with the allele marries a man with hemophilia.
What is the probability that the daughter's children will develop the disease? Describe how you
determined the probability. The probability is 50 % a male and a female would have the disease
from four children.

Colorblindness results from a sex-linked recessive allele. Determine the genotypes of the offspring
that result from a cross between a color-blind male and a homozygous female who has normal
vision. Describe how you determined the genotypes of the offspring. They would be two males
with red without colorblindness, and two females that would be carriers.

Explain why sex-linked traits appear more often in males than in females. Because the males have
only one X while female have two, so it is more probability of sex-linked traits in males, while
females can be only carriers