MAUAQUE HIGH SCHOOL (Resettlement School)

ONLINE CLASS

SCIENCE 9
Ms. Mari-Mar J. Bulusan
Unlocking of Difficulties
 Genetics
Gene
Inheritance Variation
It is a branch of biology concerned
Any difference between cells, individual with
theIt is a
study unit
Aorganisms of of heredity;
genes,
person byorwhich a
geneticsection
genetic of
variationDNA
and
information
groups of organism of any is
that
hereditary codes
in for a specific
organisms trail.
passed on from parents to child.
species
Phenotype
Genotype
it is
is thea genetic
physical
feature or
makeup oftrait of an
organism
organisms
 Phenotype
Genotype

FRedF
R R White
FW
F W
 Heterozygous
Homozygous
This means having two different
identical alleles for
a particular gene.
A Punnet square is a
graphical representation of
the possible genotypes of
an offspring arising from a
OO O O
particular cross or breeding
event.
OO O O
A Punnet square is a
graphical representation of
the possible genotypes of
an offspring arising from a BB bB
particular cross or breeding
event.
Bb bb
GREGOR MENDEL
Non-mendelian Inheritance
This is a type of inheritance
wherein the patterns of
phenotypes does not coincide
with those that was presented in
the Mendelian Law of
Inheritance
3 Types of Non-
mendelian
Inheritance
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

It is a form of intermediate
inheritance in which one
allele does not completely
dominate another allele,
resulting in a NEW
PHENOTYPE
 EXAMPLE

Incomplete Dominance

Snapdragon Flower
Genotypes: FR FR and FW FW
Punnet Square:
Genotypes
F R
F R
100% FR FW
F W F F F F
R W R W Phenotypes
100% Pink Flower
F W
F F F F
R W R W
Example: Show the possible outcome of the cross between White and Pink Flower
Genotypes: FRFW FW and FR FW
Punnet Square: Genotypes
F W
F W 50% FR FW
50% F F

F F
W W

F R P
F F F F
R W PR W Phenotypes
50% White Flower
F W F F F F
W W W W
50% Pink Flower
CODOMINANCE

Both alleles are

expressed equally in
the phenotype of the
heterozygote
 EXAMPLE

Codominance
Genotypes 100% F F R W

Phenotypes 100% Red and

White

F R R
F
100% Pink Flower

F W F F F F
R W R W

F W F F F F
R W R W
 Activity
INCOMPLETE
or
CODOMINANCE
Standard Labrador Labradoodle
Poodle

INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
CODOMINANCE
Orange fur Black Fur Black-Orange
fur

CODOMINANCE
INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
MULTIPLE ALLELES

A gene that is
controlled by more
than two alleles
BLOOD TYPE
The Four Blood Types
The Four Blood Types
 Activity
Multiple alleles
 Problem 1
A couple gives birth to a baby boy. Both
parents have blood type A. However there
is a confusion in the hospital. There are
two babies which have unknown parents.
The first baby has blood type B, while
the second baby has blood type O.
HELP THE COUPLE FIND THEIR
SON.
PUNNET SQUARE

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

  I A
I A
  I A
I A
  I A
i
IA     IA     IA    
IA     i     i    
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. List down the genotypes and phenotypes for each
trial?
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Genotype Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Genotype Phenotype

2. Who is the real son of the couple?

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

It is a form of intermediate
inheritance in which one
allele does not completely
dominate another allele,
resulting in a NEW
PHENOTYPE
CODOMINANCE

Both alleles are

expressed equally in
the phenotype of the
heterozygote
MULTIPLE ALLELES

A gene that is
controlled by more
than two alleles
 Sex Chromosomes and Sex
Determination
In each cell, humans have 46
chromosomes or 23 pairs of
chromosomes for both males and
females. Twenty-two (22) pairs are
somatic chromosomes (any that is not a
sex chromosome). The 23rd pair consists
HOW IS SEX DETERMINED AND INHERITED?

-when an egg is fertilized by a

sperm with a Y chromosome,
the offspring is MALE
-when an egg is fertilized by a
sperm carrying an X
chromosomes, the offspring is
FEMALE
What % of children would you expect
to be MALE or FEMALE?
>50% MALE
>50% FEMALE
 3 kinds of Sex-Related Inheritance:
1. Sex-Linked Traits
-these are inherited through X chromosomes.
2. Sex-Influenced Traits
-occur when phenotypes are different between
males and females with the same genotype
3. Sex-Limited Traits
-traits that can only be expressed in one sex or the
other
-the traits are not found on the X and Y
chromosomes, meaning they are generally autosomal
 SEX-LINKED TRAIT
Ex. Male-Pattern Baldness Male Pattern Baldness
(a recessive Sex-Linked Trait in
which affected people become
bald)
Genotypes:
XB = no baldness (dominant)
Xb = male-pattern baldness
(recessive)
Example: Male with XBY mated
female XB Xb genotype

PUNNET SQUARE

GENOTYPES
PHENOTYPES   Xb Y
25%25%
Female
XB XbNormal
  XB
25%25%
Male
XBNormal
Y X X  X Y
B b B

25%25%
Female
Xb XbBaldness
25%25%
Male
XbBaldness
 Y X b
X X
b b Xb Y
See you
next
meeting!