EXPLAINING THE

DIFFERENT PATTERNS
OF NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE
OBJECTIVES:
• Name factors that influence an
individual's traits and
characteristics.
• Explain how genetic information is
organized in genes or chromosomes
and the incomplete dominance
pattern of inheritance.
• Solve the genetic problems related
to co-dominance and ABO blood
type.
UNLOCKING THE
DIFFICULTIES
GENETICS
• is a branch of Biology concerned
with the study of genes, genetic
variations and heredity in
organisms.
INHERITANCE
• a process by which a genetic
information is passed on from
parents to child.
VARIATION
• any difference between cells,
individual organisms or groups of
organism in any species.
GENE
• it is a unit of heredity; a section of
DNA that codes for a specific trait.
ALLELE
• is one of two or more versions of DNA
sequence (a single base or a segment of
bases) at a given genomic location.
• an individual inherits two alleles, one from
each parent, for any given genomic
location where such variation exists.
 GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE
is the genetic is the physical
make up of the trait or feature of
organisms an organisms

GENOTYPE VS.
GENOTYPE VS.
GENOTYPE

RR WW
PHENOTYP
E

RED WHITE
HOMOZYGOUS VS.
HOMOZYGOUS VS.
PUNNET SQUARE
• is a square diagram that is used to
predict the genotypes of a particular
cross or breeding experiment.
25% 25%
• it is named after Reginald C. Punnett,
who devised the approach in 1905.
25% 25%
 Two homozygous red flower (RR) cross together.

GENOTYPE: RR
PHENOTYPE: RED

GENOTYPE: RR - 100%
PHENOTYPE: RED - 100%

PUNNET SQUARE
 DO YOU HIM?

• Gregor Johann Mendel

• Australian Monk who studied and
developed the Law of Inheritance.
• Father of Genetics
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAIT
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAIT
NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE
 NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE
any pattern of traits are not
inheritance in which determined by
traits do not segregate dominant or recessive
in accordance with alleles.
Mendel's laws.
 3 TYPES OF NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE

INCOMPLETE CODOMINANCE MULTIPLE

DOMINANCE ALLELES

NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

It is a form of intermediate
inheritance in which one allele
does not completely dominate
another allele, resulting to
NEW PHENOTYPE

NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
 SNAPDRAGON FLOWER

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE

 SNAPDRAGON FLOWER
GENOTYPE: RR and WW
PHENOTYPE: Red and White
R R GENOTYPE:
100% RW
W
RW RW
PHENOTYPE:
100% PINK FLOWER
RW RW
W
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
 Show the possible outcome of the cross
between white and pink flower
GENOTYPE: WW and RW
PHENOTYPE: White and Pink
W W GENOTYPE:
50% RW
R
RW RW 50% WW
PHENOTYPE:
50% PINK
WW WW 50 % WHITE
W
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
 CODOMINANCE

Both alleles are expressed equally

in the phenotype of the
heterozygote.

NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
CODOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
 RED and WHITE FLOWER CROSS
TOGETHER
GENOTYPE: RR and WW
PHENOTYPE: Red and White
R R
GENOTYPE:
100% RW
W
RW RW
PHENOTYPE:
100% RED and WHITE
RW RW FLOWER
W
CODOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
 SHOW THE POSSIBLE OUTCOMES WHEN YOU
CROSS TWO HETEROZYGOUS RED AND WHITE
GENOTYPE: 2 RW BULL
PHENOTYPE: Red and White
R W GENOTYPE:
50% RW
25% RR
R
RR RW 25% WW
PHENOTYPE:
50% Red and White
RW WW 25% Red
W 25% White
CODOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
CODOMINANCE
INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
CODOMINANCE
INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
MULTIPLE ALLELES

It is a form of intermediate
inheritance in which controlled by
two or more alleles.
MULTIPLE ALLELES
 MULTIPLE ALLELES

Type O – universal blood donor

Type AB – universal blood
receiver
SEX CHROMOSOMES and SEX
DETERMINATION

 We are made-up of 46
Chromosomes (23 pairs).
 22 pairs are somatic chromosome
while 1 pair is sex chromosome
SEX CHROMOSOMES and SEX
DETERMINATION

 XX – Female Chromosomes
 XY – Male Chromosomes
 The probability that the offspring is
male or female is
50 %.
SEX CHROMOSOMES and SEX
DETERMINATION

 XX – Female Chromosomes
 XY – Male Chromosomes
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!