Non-Mendelian Patterns

of Inheritance
Week 2 Lesson 2
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of :

1. how genetic information is organized in

genes on chromosomes

2. the different patterns of inheritance

Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to:
1. Use the laws of Mendel to illustrate the mechanism of heredity

2. Perform monohybrid cross using the Punnett Square.

3. Apply the probability of genetic crosses in the inheritance of common

traits.

4. Illustrate how human traits are inherited using different patterns of

inheritance.

5. Describe how sex chromosomes determine the gender of an individual.

6. Demonstrate how human traits are inherited via pedigree analysis and
karyotyping.
Desirable and Most Essential Learning
Competencies

•Explain the different patterns of

non Mendelian inheritance
Unlocking of
Difficulties
It is a branch of biology concerned with the
study of genes, genetic variation and
heredity in organism

GENETICS
A process by which genetic information is
passed on from parents to child

Inheritance
Any difference between cells individual
organism or groups of organism of any
species.

Variation
It is a unit of heredity, a section of DNA
that codes for a specific trait.

Gene
 Genotype vs. Phenotype

GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

Genetic make up of an Physical feature or trait

organism of an organism
 Genotype vs. Phenotype

GENOTYPE 𝐹𝑅 𝐹𝑅 𝐹𝑊 𝐹𝑊

PHENOTYPE Red Flower White Flower

 Homozygous vs Heterozygous
Homozygous Heterozygous
These means having two These means having two
identical alleles of a different alleles of a
particular gene. particular gene.
 Punnet Square
Reginald Punnet

A graphical
representation of the
possible genotypes of an
offspring arising from a
particular cross or
breeding event.
Gregor Mendel
Father of Genetics

His principles form the

base of understanding of
heredity and variation.
 Non-Mendelian Inheritance

This is the type of inheritance where in

the pattern of phenotypes does not
concise with those that was presented in
the Mendelian Law of Inheritance.
3 Types of Non-Mendelian
Inheritance
 Incomplete Dominance

The hybrid (heterozygous) offspring

displays a THIRD Phenotype!! Neither
trait is completely dominant, as a result,
there appears to be a blending phenotype.
Incomplete Dominance
Show the possible outcome of the cross between red
and white flower.
Show the possible outcome of the cross between
white and pink flower.
 Codominance

Both traits are dominant, and show up in

the phenotype together. Co means
“together”.
Codominance
Show the possible outcome of the cross between red
and white flower.
Short Activity
Standard Labrador
Poodle
Labradoodle

Incomplete Dominance
White cow Black cow
Cow with black and
white patches

Codominance
Orange fur Black fur Orange and black
fur

Codominance
Straight hair Curly hair Wavy hair

Incomplete Dominance
 Multiple Alleles

When more than 2 varieties exist in a

trait.
Multiple Alleles
Multiple AlleAseles
 Sex Chromosomes and Sex
Determination
Sex chromosome or gametes determine
the gender.

Male chromosome: XY
Female chromosome: XX
 How is sex determined and
inherited?
When an egg is fertilized by sperm with a
Y chromosome the offspring is male.

When an egg is fertilized by sperm with a

X chromosome the offspring is female.
What percent of children would
you expect to be male? Female?
 3 Kinds of sex-related
Sex-linked traits
These are inherited through the X chromosome only.
Sex-influenced traits
These occur when phenotypes are different between
males and females with the same genotype.
Sex-limited traits
Traits that can only be experience in one sex or the other.
Traits are not found in X and Y chromosomes, meaning they are
generally autosoma.
 Sex-linked Traits
Eg. Male-Pattern Baldness
(a recessive sex-linked trait in
which affected people become
bald)

Genotypes:
𝑋 𝐵 = no baldness (dominant)
𝑋 𝑏 = Male-Pattern Baldness
(recessive)
Male-Pattern Baldness
Male: 𝑋 Y mated with
𝐵

Female: 𝑋 𝐵 𝑋 𝑏 genotye