COLLEGE OF ST.

CATHERINE QUEZON CITY

SCIENCE
NINE
Ms. Erica Natividad
Covalent Bond
Content The learners demonstrate an
understanding of:
Standard
• how atoms combine with
other atoms by
transferring or by
sharing electrons
• forces that hold metals
together
Performance
• The learners shall be
able to explain how the
Standard different atomic models
led to the discovery of
the behaviour of each
atoms in the different
elements and how atoms
combine with other
atoms
Desirable and
• Recognize different
Most Essential types of compounds
Learning (ionic or covalent) based
on their properties such
Competencies as melting point,
hardness, polarity, and
electrical and thermal
conductivity;
Covalent Bond
Groups Vs. Periods

P
E
R
I
O
D

O
R

S
E
R
I
E
S

GROUPS
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
PROPERTIES

metals (elements that are shiny,

malleable, good conductors of heat and
electricity)

nonmetals (elements that appear dull,

poor conductors of heat and
electricity)

metalloids
(elements that conduct heat and
electricity moderately well, and
possess some properties of metals and
some properties of nonmetals)
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO GROUPS
Alkali metals
The elements (except Hydrogen) in GROUP 1A are called alkali because
their aqueous solution are alkaline (basic)

Alkaline-earth metals
GROUP 2A are extracted from minerals (earths) and also produce
alkaline aqueous solution (except Beryllium)

Transition metals
Fill the middle of the periodic table in Periods 4 – 7, and most are
found in nature only in compounds.

Lanthanide and Actinides

These elements are relatively rare, and are synthesized by special
nuclear techniques.

Halogens
The elements in this Group consist of diatomic molecules and are
highly reactive.
Comes from the Greek words “hals” means salt and “genes” means
forming.
All form salts.

Noble Gases
These elements are least reactive.
 METALS VS NON METALS

NON-METALS

A
L A N
K L O
A K B
L A L
A L E
I I
N G
M E A
E TRANSITION METALS S
T M E
A E S
L T
S A
L
S

LANTHANIDE

ACTINIDES
Chemical Bonding

Chemical bond is a term use to describe the

attraction of atoms that are combined together
through sharing and transferring their valence
electrons.
 Covalent Compound

Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond

Binary Covalent Compound
- contains two different nonmetal elements
- uses prefixes
-ex. Carbon dioxide
Steps in writing chemical formula binary covalent compounds:

Write the formula of the first element followed by the

second element based on the prefix used.
 Example:

Nitrogen monoxide Carbon tetrachloride

 Activity

Phosphorus pentachloride Dinitrogen monoxide

Naming Binary Covalent
Compound
- contains two different
nonmetal elements
- uses prefixes
-ex. Carbon dioxide
 Steps in naming binary covalent compounds:
Generally, the less-electronegative element is written first in the
formula, though there are a few exceptions. Carbon is always first
in a formula and hydrogen is after nitrogen in a formula such as
NH3. The order of common nonmetals in binary compound formulas
is C, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F.
When naming, the appropriate prefix is used only if there are more
than one atom of that element in the formula.
The second element is named after the first, but with the ending of
the element’s name changed to –ide. The appropriate prefix is
always used for the second element.
The a or o at the end of a prefix is usually dropped from the name
when the name of the element begins with a vowel. As an example,
four oxygen atoms is tetroxide instead of tetraoxide.
 Example

𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁2 𝑃𝑃4 𝑂𝑂10

𝑁𝑁2 𝑂𝑂4
 Activity

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼7

𝑁𝑁2 𝑂𝑂5