Science 9

EARTH AND SPACE

3RD QUARTER – WEEK 3
CLIMATE
 CONTENT STANDARD
1 factors that affect climate, and
the effects of changing climate
and how to adapt accordingly
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to

1 participate in activities that

reduce risks and lessen
effects of climate change
DESIRABLE AND MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING

COMPETENCIES/

1 Explain how different

factors affect the climate of
an area

2 Describe certain climatic

phenomena that occur on a
global level
 Climate
Climate is the average weather conditions of an
area over a long period of time.
Factors Affecting Climate
Latitude
 Latitude

Latitude is a geographic
coordinate that specifies
position of a point on the
surface of the earth.
Climatic Zones
Artic Zones
The area within the Arctic Circle, a
line of latitude about 66.5° north of
the Equator. Artic climate zones are
covered with permafrost
Climatic Zones
Tropic Zones
The tropics are regions of the Earth
that lie roughly in the middle of the
globe.
Climatic Zones
Temperate Zones
The temperate zone is the area of
the earth that lies between the
middle latitudes, which is 40 degrees
to 60 degrees to the north-south of
the Equator.
 Ocean Currents
Ocean currents are the
continuous and directional
movement of ocean created by
the wind friction, water
density, earth’s rotation,
solar energy, and gravity
variation in different parts of
the ocean.
 Circulation
Currents Types

wind-driven circulation forced

by wind stress on the sea
surface, inducing a momentum
exchange
thermohaline circulation driven
by the variations in water
density imposed at the sea
surface by exchange of ocean
heat and water with the
atmosphere, inducing a
buoyancy exchange.
 Winds
The prevailing wind is the
most frequent wind direction a
location experiences. In
Britain the prevailing wind is
from the South West, which
brings warm, moist air from
the Atlantic Ocean. This
contributes to the frequent
rainfall. When prevailing winds
blow over land areas it can
contribute to creating desert
climates.
 Altitude
Altitude or height above sea level -
Locations at a higher altitude have
colder temperatures. Temperature
usually decreases by 1°C for every 100
meters in altitude.
 Relief
Climate can be affected by mountains.
Mountains receive more rainfall than low
lying areas because as air is forced over
the higher ground it cools, causing moist
air to condense and fall out as rainfall.
 Proximity to water

Seas and oceans are the large

bodies of water on Earth, serve
as the moderator of climate.