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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Which of the following is part of the reflex response to an increase in arterial
pressure?
a) Decreased firing of carotid sinus baroreceptors
b) Increased sympathetic activity to the ventricles
c) Increased parasympathetic activity to the SA Node
d) Increased parasympathetic activity to the arterioles of skeletal muscles &
skin
e) Increased parasympathetic stimulation to the ventricles
3. Venous Return:
a) Is increased on standing
b) Decreases by deep inspiration
c) Is decreased by venoconstriction
d) When increased, activates Bainbridge reflex
e) When increased, increases end-systolic volume
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14. Protodiastole:
a) Is characterized by a rapid rise in aortic pressure
b) Occurs at the onset of diastole
c) Is a period in the cardiac cycle with constant blood pressure
d) Is the last one-third of diastole
e) Is a period of slow ejection from the ventricles
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24. With a mixed venous oxygen content of 110 ml/L and an arterial oxygen
content of 150 ml/L an oxygen uptake of 280 ml/min, the cardiac output is:
a) 5 liters/ min
b) 6 liters/ min
c) 7 liters/ min
d) 8 liters/ min
e) 9 liters/ min
25. The pulmonary valve closes when the pressure in the right ventricle is about:
a) 0 mmHg
b) 15 mmHg
c) 30 mmHg
d) 50 mmHg
e) 120 mmHg
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29. During the cardiac cycle, closure of the aortic valve occurs at:
a) The end of isovolumetric contraction
b) The beginning of rapid ejection phase
c) The beginning of isometric relaxation
d) The end of systole
e) The end of rapid filling phase
33. Cardiac Output (in liters per minute) divided by the heart rate (in beats per
minute) equals to:
a) Cardiac Index
b) Cardiac Efficiency
c) Mean Arterial Pressure
d) Stroke Volume
e) Blood Velocity
34. The segment of the vascular bed responsible for local regulation of blood flow
in most tissues is:
a) Distributing arteries
b) Large veins
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
e) Arterioles
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37. In the heart, within physiological limits the force of contraction is directly
proportional to the:
a) Pacemaker activity
b) AV nodal delay
c) Initial length of cardiac muscle
d) Respiratory rate
e) Vagal stimulation
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42. The work done by the right ventricle is much less than that done by the left
ventricle because its:
a) Wall is thinner
b) Stroke volume is less
c) Preload is less
d) Afterload is less
e) Systolic pressure is less
43. The following are not signs of pure right ventricular failure:
a) Increased central venous pressure
b) Central venous engorgement and pulsations
c) Pulmonary oedema
d) Hepatomegally
e) Sacral oedema
44. The blood vessel responsible for local regulation of blood flow in most tissues
is:
a) Distributing arteries
b) Large veins
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
e) Arterioles
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47. A drug that increases the heart rate from 70 to 100 beats per minute could
be:
a) Stimulation of B-1 adrenergic receptors
b) Inhibitor of alpha adrenergic receptors
c) Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors
d) Inhibitor B-2 adrenergic receptors
e) Digitalis
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58. Which of the following is the most important in determining the total
peripheral resistance?
a) Blood viscosity
b) Concentration of plasma protein
c) Arteriolar diameter
d) Cardiac Output
e) Metabolic autoregulation
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68. The following are expected to increase the cardiac output except:
a) Eating
b) Adrenaline Infusion
c) Moderate rise in environmental temperature
d) A 10 degree rise in body temperature
e) Pregnancy
71. A drug that increases the heart rate from 70 to 100 beats per minute could
be:
a) A B1-adrenergic receptor antagonist
b) A cholinergic receptor antagonist
c) A cholinergic receptor agonist
d) A B2 adrenergic receptor agonist
e) A non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic agonist
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97. Which of the laws explain the relationship between vessel wall tension and
vessel radius:
a) Poiseuille's Law
b) Ohm's Law
c) Starling's Law
d) LaPlace's Law
e) Reynold's Law
99. Which of the following substances will be most likely to dilate systemic
arterioles:
a) Endothelin
b) ADH
c) Histamine
d) Noreadrenaline
e) Aldosterone
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115. The blood vessels responsible for exchange between plasma & interstitial
fluid are:
a) Distributing arteries
b) Large veins
c) The capillaries
d) The venules
e) Arterioles
118. The most important function of the Starling mechanism in the heart is:
a) To decrease fluid loss from the cardiac capillaries
b) To ensure that the ventricles operate at an optimum length
c) To couple the efficiency of muscle contraction to the heart rate
d) To match the output of one ventricle to that of the other
e) To ensure that right and left atrial pressures are equal
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