STOICHIOMETRY AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS

➢ atomic mass or atomic weight. average atomic mass formula:

➢ mass of an atom in atomic mass
units (amu) [(% abundance X1)(atomic mass X1) +
(%abundance X2) (atomic mass X2)]
ATOMIC MASS
○ mass sample:
○ g
○ g/mol given:

note: the weighted average of the

isotopes atomic mass abundance
masses of the naturally occurring
element. 1 10.0129 amu 19.91%
(0.1991)
ATOMIC MASS UNIT
2 11.0093 amu 80.09%
(0.8009)
- It is defined as a mass exactly
equal to one-twelfth of the mass
req: average atomic mass, element
of one carbon - 12 atoms.
- carbon - basic or references,
sol.
because it’s atomic mass is a
whole number (only element)
AAM = [( abundance X1) (a. mass X1) +
(abundance X2) (a. mass X2)]
example:
= [(0.1991) (10.0129 amu ) +
(0.8009 amu )(11.0093)
a. experiments have shown that an
= 10.81217109
average H atom is only 8.400
AAM = 10.81 (element: boron)
percent as massive as the C-12
atom. the atomic mass it must be
0.0084 x 12.00
TO EXPLAIN (ABUNDANCE)
H = 8.4 % x 12.00 amu
= 0.00084 abundance X1 + abundance X2 = 100%
H = 1.008 amu (or 1 in decimal form)

b. one atom of CU- 63 is 5.244 times ○ if abundance are missing the:

as heavy as the atom of C-12. a. let x be % of first isotopes
What is the atomic mass of b. let 1-x be % of second
Cu-63? isotope

Cu - 63 = 5.244 x 12.00 amu note: since x1 + x2 = 1 and x1 is already

Cu - 63 = 62.93 amu solved

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sample: ➢ to qualify the number of particles
of an element of compounds
➢ has a value of 6.022 x 10²³
isotope atomic mass abundance

CI (35) 34.969 amu x MOLE (mol)

Cl (37) 36.966 amu x-1 ➢ a term used to refer to the

quantity of particles of substance
req: natural abundance that is equal to the avogadro's
number
sol. note:

atomic mass weight Cl = 35.4533 n = number of atoms

m = mass
let x be % of Cl (35) mm= molar mass
let 1-x be % of Cl (37) 1 mol = Na
n = m divided by mm - m = (n) (mm)
AAM = [(x) (34.969 amu) + (1 -x)
(36.966 amu)] example:

35.4533 amu = [(x) (34.969 amu) + (1 -x) determine the number of atoms and the
(36.966 amu)] mass of 0.90 mole gold
35.4533 amu = 34.969 amu X + ( 36.966
amu - 36.966 amu X) given:
35.4533 amu = - 1.997 amu X + 36.966
amu n = 0.90 mol
35.4533 amu - 36.966 amu = - 1.997 amu

b. n = m divided by mm - m = (n) (m)

0. 7576 amu = X
X = 0.7576 x 100 mm = Au = atomic mass
= % Cl - 35 = 75.76 % Au = 196.97 g/mol
m = (0.90 mol) ( 196.97 g/mol)
% Cl - 37 = 1 - x m = 177.273 g1mol
= 1 - 0.7576
= 0.2424 x 100 MOLAR MASS
% Cl - 37 = 24.24 %

➢ mass of an element or compound

MOLE CONCEPT ➢ equal to the atomic mass of an
element
average number (NA) ➢ expressed in grams/mole or
g/mol

2
 ➢ the sum of the product of the other symbol:
atomic masses and the number △ : heat is involved
of atoms of every element that + : combination
comprises the compound → : result
s, l g : state of matter
note: for molar mass 2 decimal places
except 0= 16, H = 1.008

EVIDENCES OF CHEMICAL REACTION

solutions: only round off at the final
answer (not during solving)
➢ The practice of a chemical
solving = 4-5 decimal places reaction is always different from
the reactants. it is always
example: calculate the molar mass accompanied by a chemical
(mm) of: change evidences as any of the
following:
a. glucose
a. change i color
C6H1206 b. evolution of gas
c. evolution/ absorption of
C = 6 x 12.01 = 72.06 g/mol heat
H = 12 x 1.008 = 12.096 d. formation of precipitate
O = 6 x 16 = 96 g/mol e. change in odor

= 180.156 g/mol WRITING 4 BALANCING CHEMICAL EQ.

CHEMICAL REACTION STEP 1: identify the person element

STEP 2: count the number present
➢ new substances are always STEP 3: balance (start with metals,
produced in a chemical reaction, nonmetal)
which can be represented by a
chemical equation. example:

CHEMICAL EQUATION S8 + O2 → SO3

➢ shows the identity of the 8 - S - 1 (8) - 8

reactants and products and the 24 - (12) 2 - O - 3 (24)
relative amount of these
substance consumed or answer: S8 + 12O2 → 8SO3
produced in a chemical reaction.
BaCl2 + Al (SO4)3 → BaSO4 + AlCl3

3 - (3) 1 - Ba - 1 (3) - 3
6 - (3) 2 - Cl - 3 (2) - 6
2 - Al - 1 (2) - 2

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3 - (SO4) - 1 (3) - 3 to interpret a reaction quantities, we
need to apply our knowledge of molar
masses and mole concept
TYPE OF REACTION

law of conversion of mass: grams of

combination reactants must be equal to grams of
○ two or more reactant combine to products.
form a single product

REACTION OF STOICHIOMETRY
decomposition
○ one reactant reacts to one or
more product ➢ the quantitative study of
reactants and products reaction.
single displacement ➢ the study of the quantities of the
○ one element of a compound is materials consumed and
replaced by a different element produced in chemical reaction
○ higher element has stronger (we are able to determine how
displacement much products will be from a
specific amount of reactant)
double displacement
○ two ionic compounds exchange sample problem:
cation and anions with each
other.

note for single and double displacement:

consider the element / compound STEP 1: Check if chemical equation is
charges when doing the criss-cross balanced
method. STEP 2: Convert the given mass into
molecules
example:

STEP 3: Check mole ratio of given

compound/ substance to the required
compound / substance

AMOUNT OF REACTANTS & PRODUCT

➢ a basic question raised in the STEP 4: Multiply the mole ratio with the
chemical laboratory is “how MM of the required substance
much” product will be formed
from specific amounts of starting
materials

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 LIMITING REAGENTS

limiting reagents - reactants used up

excess reagents - excess amount of
reactants

note: maximum no. of products depend

on the amount of reactant

example: